Transforming the Appalachian countryside: railroads, deforestation, and social change in West Virginia, 1880-1920 PDF
Preview Transforming the Appalachian countryside: railroads, deforestation, and social change in West Virginia, 1880-1920
Transforming the Appalachian Countryside title: : Railroads, Deforestation, and Social Change in West Virginia, 1880-1920 author: Lewis, Ronald L. publisher: University of North Carolina Press isbn10 | asin: 0807824054 print isbn13: 9780807824054 ebook isbn13: 9780807862971 language: English West Virginia--Economic conditions, West Virginia--Social conditions, West Virginia-- subject Environmental conditions, Industrialization- -West Virginia. publication date: 1998 lcc: HC107.W5L39 1998eb ddc: 338.9754 West Virginia--Economic conditions, West Virginia--Social conditions, West Virginia-- subject: Environmental conditions, Industrialization- -West Virginia. Page iii Transforming the Appalachian Countryside Railroads, Deforestation, and Social Change in West Virginia, 1880-1920 Ronald L. Lewis Page iv © 1998 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved This book was set in Monotype Bulmer by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Book design by April Leidig-Higgins Manufactured in the United States of America The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lewis, Ronald L., 1940 Transforming the Appalachian countryside: railroads, deforestation, and social change in West Virginia, 18801920 / Ronald L. Lewis. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. ISBN 0-8078-2405-4 (cloth: alk. paper). ISBN 0-8078-4706-2 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. West VirginiaEconomic conditions. 2. West Virginia Social conditions. 3. West VirginiaEnvironmental conditions. 4. IndustrializationWest Virginia. I. Title. HC107.W5L39 1998 97-36616 338.9754dc21 CIP 02 01 00 99 98 5 4 3 2 1 Page v To Susan and Jennifer Page vii Contents Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 One. The Virgin Forest and the Backcounty Economy 15 Two. The Touch of Capital: Railroads, Timber, and 45 Economic Development of the Backcounties Three. Land, Capital, and Timber Operations at the 81 Periphery Four. Making Capital Secure: Law and the Industrial 103 Transformation of West Virginia Five. Workers in the Woods 131 Six. Ethnicity, Exploitation, and Social Conflict 165 Seven. Connecting the Periphery: Commercialization of 185 the Countryside Eight. "New Men" versus "Old Men": Political Economy 211 and the County Seat Wars Nine. The Market Revolution and the Decline of 235 Agriculture Ten. If Trees Could Cuss: Environmental Destruction and 263 the Beginnings of Restoration Notes 293 Bibliography 317 Index 339 Page ix Illustrations Virgin spruce forest at headwaters of Cherry River, 17 Greenbrier County, 1912 Log raft and ark on the Guyandotte River, Lincoln County, 39 ca. 1900 Logjam on the Elk River near Sutton, Braxton County, 40 1898 Arks and crew of log drivers tied up along the Greenbrier 42 River near Cass, Pocahontas County, 1898 Clearing the forest to build Davis, Tucker County, 1883 94 Panorama of Davis, Tucker County, ca. 1909 95 Babcock Lumber Company, Davis, Tucker County, 1909 96 Cherry River Boom and Lumber Company Mill, 97 Richwood, Nicholas County, 1924 Old Court: Justices of the West Virginia Supreme Court of 113 Appeals, 186390 New Court: Justices of the West Virginia Supreme Court 115 of Appeals, 18891909 Moment of relaxation in a woods camp, probably 134 Randolph County, ca. 1900 Woods crew near Bartow, Pocahontas County, ca. 1910 141 Snaking logs near Bayard, Grant County, 1903 142 A giant of the forest, Nicholas County, ca. 1920 143 Felled white oak, Nicholas County, 1914 144 Shay engine and log loader in woods 145 Page x Steam skidder logging out the Blackwater River Canyon, 146 Tucker County, ca. 1910 Log train near Dobbin, Grant County, ca. 1910 147 Wreck of the Lucy Belle near Lokelia, Pocahontas County 148 Unloading logs at Horton, Randolph County 151 Standard mill pond and jack ladder to the mill 152 Family at a portable camp near Helvetia, Randolph 160 County, 1900 African American and Italian immigrant track crew near 168 Cass, Pocahontas County The Star Restaurant, Whitmer, Randolph County, ca. 1910 188 Thaddeus M. Fowler's rendering of Parsons, Tucker 220 County, 1905 Placing county records in a temporary courthouse in 221 Parsons, Tucker County, 1893 Thaddeus M. Fowler's rendering of Elkins, Randolph 226 County, 1897 Destruction of vegetation and soil by fires in the Canaan 267 Valley, 1912 Deforested rim of Blackwater River Canyon, Tucker 270 County, ca. 1910 Deforestation and logging roads in Blackwater River 271 Canyon accelerated erosion, ca. 1910 Trench on Meadow River Lumber Company lands, 272
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