Transforming settler states: communal conflict and internal security in Northern Ireland and Zimbabwe

591 Pages·1990·1.77 MB·English

by  Ronald John Weitzer

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Page i
Transforming Settler States
Page ii
Zimbabwe
Page iii
Northern Ireland
Page v
Transforming Settler States
Communal Conflict and Internal Security in Northern
Ireland and Zimbabwe
Ronald Weitzer
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford
Page vi
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
Oxford, England
© 1990 by
The Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Weitzer, Ronald John.
Transforming settler states: communal conflict and internal
security in Northern Ireland and Zimbabwe / Ronald Weitzer.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-520-06490-9 (alk. paper)
1. Internal securityNorthern Ireland. 2. Northern Ireland
Politics and government1969-3. Internal securityZimbabwe.
4. ZimbabwePolitics and government19651979. 5. Zimbabwe
Politics and government19791980. 6. ZimbabwePolitics and
government1980-I. Title.
HV8197.5.A2W45 1990
363.2' 09416dc20 89-20692
CIP
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements
of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence
of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Ô
Page vii
Contents
List of Tables ix
Preface xi
1. Sectarian Security Systems: Structure and 1
Transformation
2. The Pillars of Settler Rule 24
3. Building Settler States: Foundations in Rhodesia and 42
Northern Ireland
4. Rhodesia: Guerrilla War and Political Settlement, 82
19721980
5. Northern Ireland: Breakdown of Settler Rule, 19691972 111
6. Zimbabwe: One-Party State 134
7. Northern Ireland under British Rule 190
Conclusion: Transforming Settler States 244
Selected Bibliography 257
Index 269
Page ix
Tables
1. Selected Societies with Settler Populations 32
2. Security Expenditures 144
3. Incidence of Insurgent Activity 162
4. Public Attitudes, by Party Affiliation 184
5. Preferred Form of Government 199
6. The Security Situation, 19691988 202
7. Deaths from Political Violence, 19691988 203
8. Attitudes toward Security Measures, 1985 230
9. Attitudes on Law and Order, 1985 231
10. Attitudes toward Security Measures, 1988 232
11. Attitudes on Defeating Terrorism, 1988 234
Page xi
Preface
Max Weber described the state as a system of "organized domination"
that "claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force
within a given territory." That coercive structures are quintessential
elements of state power the scholarly literature often seems to take for
granted, but few studies systematically examine internal security
systems.
This study pays special attention to the coercive dimensions of state
power in two societies with histories of settler rule. Settler societies
tend to be "communally divided": fractured politically and socially
along racial, ethnic, or religious lines. The dominant communal bloc
consists of settlers and their descendants who typically build a highly
sectarian internal security apparatus to preempt or suppress threats
from the indigenous population. The transformation of settler states
remains deficient insofar as the security establishment of the old
regime remains intact; lasting substantive democratization requires a
radical overhaul of inherited security structures.
This work analyzes the rise and breakdown of settler states in
Northern Ireland and Rhodesia/Zimbabwe and proposes an
explanatory model for understanding the conditions of change and
continuity in internal security systems after the dissolution of settler
rule. In Northern Ireland and Zimbabwe settler rule was replaced in
1972 and 1980, respectively. These cases represent very different
routes away from settler rule and distinct outcomes under new
political orders.
In the interest of examining larger questions and themes in
comparative perspective, the empirical chapters necessarily sacrifice
some of the