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Transforming Gender and Food Security in the Global South PDF

326 Pages·2016·3.09 MB·English
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Transforming Gender and Food Security in the Global South Drawing on studies from Africa, Asia and South America, this book provides empirical evidence and conceptual explorations of the gendered dimensions of food security. It investigates how food security and gender inequity are conceptualized within interventions, assesses the impacts and outcomes of gender-responsive programs on food security and gender equity, and addresses diverse approaches to gender research and practice that range from descriptive and analytical to strategic and transformative. The chapters draw on diverse theoretical perspectives, including transformative learning, feminist theory, deliberative democracy and technology adoption. As a result, they add important conceptual and empirical material to a growing literature on the challenges of gender equity in food production. A unique feature of this book is the integration of both analytic and trans- formative approaches to understanding gender and food security. The analytic material shows how food security interventions enable women and men to meet the long-term nutritional needs of their households, and to enhance their economic position. The transformative chapters also document efforts to build durable and equitable relationships between men and women, addressing underlying social, cultural and economic causes of gender inequal- ity. Taken together, these combined approaches enable women and men to refect on gendered divisions of labour and resources related to food, and to reshape these divisions in ways which beneft families and communities. Jemimah Njuki is a senior program offcer in the Agriculture and Food Security program at the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), based in Nairobi, Kenya. John R. Parkins is a professor in the Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, Canada. Amy Kaler is a professor in the Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, Canada. Routledge Studies in Food, Society and the Environment Street Food Civic Engagement in Culture, economy, health and Food System Governance governance A comparative perspective Edited by Ryzia De Cássia Vieira of American and British local Cardoso, Michèle Companion and food movements Stefano Roberto Marras Alan R. Hunt Savoring Alternative Food Biological Economies School gardens, healthy eating Experimentation and the politics and visceral difference of agri-food frontiers Jessica Hayes-Conroy Edited by Richard Le Heron, Hugh Campbell, Nick Lewis Human Rights and the and Michael Carolan Food Sovereignty Movement Reclaiming control Food Systems Governance Priscilla Claeys Challenges for justice, equality and human rights Food Utopias Edited by Amanda L. Kennedy Reimagining citizenship, ethics and Jonathan Liljeblad and community Edited by Paul Stock, Michael Food Literacy Carolan and Christopher Rosin Key concepts for health and education Food Sovereignty in Edited by Helen Vidgen International Context Discourse, politics and practice Sustainable Urban Agriculture of place and Food Planning Edited by Amy Trauger Edited by Rob Rogemma Global Food Security Transforming Gender and Governance Food Security in the Global Civil society engagement in South the reformed Committee on Edited by Jemimah Njuki, World Food Security John R. Parkins and Amy Kaler Jessica Duncan For further details please visit the series page on the Routledge website: www.routledge.com/books/series/RSFSE/ Transforming Gender and Food Security in the Global South Edited by Jemimah Njuki, John R. Parkins and Amy Kaler First published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Co-published with the International Development Research Centre PO Box 8500, Ottawa, ON K1G 3H9, Canada Dr Paula Kantor, 1969–2015 To Paula, for her dedication to improving rural livelihoods through gender transformative approaches with rigorous science and a deep sense of humanity, ethics, and friendship. Paula died on 13 May 2015 in the aftermath of a terrorist attack on the hotel where she was staying in Kabul, Afghanistan. She committed her life and work to gender analysis in agricultural systems, enhancing the lives of rural women and men in the Global South. In 2012, Paula joined CGIAR to champion gender transformative approaches in agricultural research for development. Prior to this engagement, Paula worked at the International Center for Research on Women and as director of the gender and livelihoods portfolio in the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. This page intentionally left blank Contents Acronyms and abbreviations xi Notes on contributors xv I ntroduction – Gender, agriculture, and food security: where are we? 1 JEMIMAH NJUKI, JOHN R. PARKINS, AMY KALER, AND SARA AHMED PART I Measuring gender relations and women’s empowerment 19 1 M easuring women’s empowerment in agriculture: addressing the multidimensional nature of gender dynamics in agriculture 21 MAUREEN MIRUKA, JEMIMAH NJUKI, LAURIE STARR, ELIzABETH KRUGER, AND EMILY HILLENBRAND PART II From measurement to action 47 2 F rom capture to culture: space for mainstreaming women in coastal aquaculture development in Sri Lanka 49 TIM DEJAGER AND CHAMILA JAYASINGHE 3 G ender and labour effciency in fnger millet production in Nepal 76 RACHANA DEvKOTA, KAMAL KHADKA, HOM GARTAULA, ASIS SHRESTHA, SWIKAR KARKI, KIRIT PATEL, AND PASHUPATI CHAUDHARY viii Contents 4 Teach a woman to fsh: encountering empowerment in community fsh farming in Eastern India 96 RAJAKISHOR MAHANA AND DURAIRAJA RAMULU PART III Placing gender in local institutional contexts 115 5 C offee ceremonies, gender, and food security in two Ethiopian vilages 117 JOANN JAFFE AND AMY KALER 6 A missed opportunity for research and development interventions: gender and the forest food trade in urban Cameroon 138 LAUREN Q. SNEYD 7 G ender and innovation in Peru’s native potato market chains 160 SILvIA SARAPURA ESCOBAR, HELEN HAMBLY ODAME, AND GRAHAM THIELE PART IV Approaches to transforming gender relations 187 8 F rom gender analysis to transforming gender norms: using empowerment pathways to enhance gender equity and food security in Tanzania 189 ALESSANDRA GALIè AND PAULA KANTOR 9 G ender transformative approaches with socially and environmentally vulnerable groups: indigenous fshers of the Bolivian Amazon 217 ALISON E. MACNAUGHTON, TIFFANIE K. RAINvILLE, CLAUDIA I. COCA MéNDEz, ELAINE M. WARD, JOHN M. WOJCIECHOWSKI, AND JOACHIM CAROLSFELD 10 “ Doing jenda deliberatively” in a participatory agriculture–nutrition project in Malawi 241 RACHEL BEzNER KERR, ESTHER LUPAFYA, LIzzIE SHUMBA, LAIFOLO DAKISHONI, RODGERS MSACHI, ANITA CHITAYA, PAUL NKHONJERA, MWAPI MKANDAWIRE, TINKANI GONDWE, AND ESTHER MAONA Contents ix 11 G endered technology adoption and household food security in semi-arid Eastern Kenya 260 ESTHER NJUGUNA, LEIGH BROWNHILL, ESTHER KIHORO, LUTTA MUHAMMAD, AND GORDON M. HICKEY C onclusion – Towards gender transformative agriculture and food systems: where next? 283 JEMIMAH NJUKI, AMY KALER, AND JOHN R. PARKINS Index 291

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