Transformer Applications & Eco Directive Cast Resin & Oil Distribution Transfomers

94 Pages·2016·4.71 MB·English

by  Enrique Palomares

Enrique Palomares & Anton Joseph , April 2016
Transformer Applications & Eco Directive
Cast Resin & Oil Distribution Transfomers
Agenda
 Distribution Transformers
 Transformer Fundamentals
 Manufacturing Process
 Transformer Specification
 Design Considerations
 Maintenance
 Eco Directive
 Summary
© ABB Group
May 5, 2016 | Slide 2
Distribution Transformers
© ABB Group
May 5, 2016 | Slide 3
Electricity Distribution
Why HV
2
 Total 3 Phase Losses = 3 I R
 Active Power, P = √3 VI Cos Ф
 I = P / (√3 V Cos Ф)
2 2 2
 Losses = P R / (V Cos Ф)
 Losses are inversely proportional to the square of Voltage
& directly proportional to the square of the Active Power
 High system voltage reduces transmission losses
 Requires more expensive lines, cables & transformers
 Generator transformers are step up
 Distribution transformers are generally step down
 Voltage taken down in several steps
 Lower voltages closer to the consumers
© ABB Group
May 5, 2016 | Slide 4
Electricity Distribution
Interconnected Electricity System
© ABB Group
May 5, 2016 | Slide 5
Electricity Distribution
Distributed Generation
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May 5, 2016 | Slide 6
Electricity Distribution
Applications
Application Transformer Type
1 1
2
6
Power generation Power transformers
2
2 2
Wind & Solar Power 3 3 1 Dry or Special
generation transformers
3
3
Power and distribution
Transmission and 4 1 transformers
distribution
3 4
4 3
Dry and distribution
Commercial and transformers
residential usage 1
5
5 1 D
traryn sofro Srmpecrsia l
Railway application (Traction)
4
6 5 6
Oil & Gas Subsea
application 2 transformers
© ABB Group
May 5, 2016 | Slide 7
Transformer Types
Up 10 MVA &
Dry Traction
up to 36 kV
63 MVA
72.5 kV
Pole Dry
50 – 10,000 kVA 10 – 63 MVA up
up to 36 kV to 170 kV
Up to 800 kV HVDC
– 400 tonnes
© ABB Group
May 5, 2016 | Slide 8
Distribution Transformers
Introduction
 Receives energy from higher transmission voltages and
transforms for distribution to lower voltage substations or
directly to consumers
 Typically from 11 to 0.4 kV in the UK
 Normal Oil & Dry transformer ratings
 Up to 10 MVA & 36 kV
 Cast Resin Dry Transformers
 up to 63 MVA
 up to 72.5kV
© ABB Group
May 5, 2016 | Slide 9
Transformer Fundamentals
© ABB Group
May 5, 2016 | Slide 10