Transculturalism and Teacher Capacity Based on new research data, with a 135-teacher study over 8 countries, this book challenges the assumption that all teachers automatically have the exper- tise to teach cultural understanding and argues, instead, that there is the need for teachers to acquire transcultural expertise to teach cultural understanding effectively in the present age, rather than depending on current multicultural and intercultural approaches. By outlining a new model to teach cultural understanding that is appropri- ate and relevant, this volume focuses on the expertise of teachers to address this gap in current teaching practice. Using the framework of education in Britain and its former empire, this book traces the role that teachers have played in teaching cultural understanding throughout history, and then uses the results of a recent international research project to outline recommenda- tions for teacher education and professional learning that both develop and enhance the ability of teachers to address cultural understanding effectively in their work. Transculturalism and Teacher Capacity: Professional Readiness in the Globalised Age is the perfect resource for any researcher, school leader and educational administrator, or those interested in education that prepares teachers to meet the demands of the profession in the current age. Niranjan Casinader is Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Education at Monash University, Australia. Routledge Research in International and Comparative Education This is a series that offers a global platform to engage scholars in continuous academic debate on key challenges and the latest thinking on issues in the fast-growing field of International and Comparative Education. Titles in the series include: Comparative Perspectives on Refugee Youth Education Dreams and Realities in Educational Systems Worldwide Edited by Alexander W. Wiseman, Lisa Damaschke-Deitrick, Ericka Galegher, and Maureen F. Park 50 Years of US Study Abroad Students Japan as the Gateway to Asia and Beyond Sarah R. Asada Informal Learning and Literacy among Maasai Women Education, Emancipation and Empowerment Taeko Takayanagi Parental Involvement Across European Education Systems Critical Perspectives Edited by Angelika Paseka and Delma Byrne Transculturalism and Teacher Capacity Professional Readiness in the Globalised Age Niranjan Casinader For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge. com/Routledge-Research-in-International-and-Comparative-Education/ book-series/RRICE Transculturalism and Teacher Capacity Professional Readiness in the Globalised Age Niranjan Casinader First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 Niranjan Casinader The right of Niranjan Casinader to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-0-367-19378-2 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-20202-5 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Cenveo® Publisher Services For Lee, who has always been with me, one way or another, throughout this academic journey Contents List of figures ix List of tables x Foreword xi Preface xiii Acknowledgements xvii 1 Teaching for cultural difference: a temporal and spatial reflection 1 1.1 Why the need to teach cultural understanding? 1 1.2 The nuances of globalisation 2 1.3 The cosmopolitanism of the past and the modern 5 1.4 T he framework of consideration: defining the parameters of the discussion 10 1.5 Culture, faith and morality: teaching for the ‘Other’ 14 References 25 2 Cultural understanding and teaching expertise: a glimpse through British time and place 28 2.1 Education as moral citizenship 28 2.2 The teacher and British educational morality: a temporal consideration 30 2.3 Pitfalls and conclusions: teachers as moral guides towards the ‘Other’ 48 References 53 3 Cultural education for the globalised age 55 3.1 Culture and the global imperative: the garden of cultural education 55 3.2 Changing notions and contexts of cultural education 57 3.3 Transculturalism: a way forward for the 21st century 63 References 67 viii Contents 4 Cultural education in current policy and practice: a selective critique 70 4.1 The disjunctures of international comparisons 70 4.2 The substance of cultural education in policy 72 4.3 And whither the teacher? 83 References 84 5 Measuring transcultural capacity in teachers 88 5.1 The notion of professional readiness 88 5.2 Teacher standards and cultural expertise 90 5.3 Determining the cultural readiness of teachers 97 5.4 Project methodology 103 References 113 6 Transcultural capacity of teachers: a comparative analysis 117 6.1 Overview 117 6.2 Transculturality as a teacher attitude 118 6.3 The deeper characteristics of transcultural dispositions 121 6.4 Discussions and analysis 124 6.5 Conclusion 141 References 142 7 Building transcultural capacity in teachers: implications for teacher education and professional learning 143 7.1 Overview 143 7.2 Cultural displacement: the basis of developing expertise in cultural diversity as the norm 145 7.3 A personal epilogue: the cultural elephant – premonitions for the future 153 References 155 Index 158 Figures 3.1 Transpatiality 64 3.2 Three Paradigms of Cultural Education 66 5.1 Model of Cultural Dispositions of Thinking 108 6.1 Model of Cultural Dispositions of Thinking (Reprise) 118 6.2 CDT of Teachers across All Regions by Percentage of Participants 120 6.3 Attitudes of Teachers by Region: Global Mindedness and Change and Difference 122 6.4 Attitudes of Teachers by CDT: Global Mindedness 123 6.5 Attitudes of Teachers by CDT: Change and Difference 123 6.6 Number of Regions Visited by Cultural Disposition of Thinking (Percentage of Teachers in CDT) 132 6.7 Number of Regions Visited by Cultural Disposition of Thinking (Number of Teachers in CDT) 132 6.8 Travel Experience by Case Study: Number of Teachers 135 6.9 Travel Experience by Case Study: Percentage of Teachers 136 6.10 Living or Meeting Difference: Most Effective Means of Developing Cultural Understanding by Percentage of All Teacher Participants 137 6.11 Living or Meeting Difference: Most Effective Means of Developing Cultural Understanding by Number of Teachers and CDT 138 7.1 Teacher Participants: Years of Teaching Experience by CDT 145