Transasal endoscopic skull base and brain surgery: tips and pearls PDF
Preview Transasal endoscopic skull base and brain surgery: tips and pearls
Transnasal Endoscopic Skull Base and Brain Surgery Tips and Pearls Transnasal Endoscopic Skull Base and Brain Surgery Tips and Pearls Aldo Cassol Stamm, MD, PhD Affiliated Professor Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Federal University of São Paulo Director Department of Otolaryngology Hospital Professor Edmundo Vasconcelos São Paulo, Brazil Foreword by Albert L. Rhoton, Jr., MD Department of Neurosurgery University of Florida Gainesville, Florida Thieme New York ∙ Stuttgart Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Ave. New York, NY 10001 Executive Editor: Timothy Y. Hiscock Managing Editor: J. Owen Zurhellen Editorial Assistant: Tess Timoshin Editorial Director: Michael Wachinger Production Editor: Barbara A. Chernow International Production Director: Andreas Schabert Vice President, International Marketing and Sales: Cornelia Schulze Chief Financial Officer: Sarah Vanderbilt President: Brian D. Scanlan Compositor: Agnew’s, Inc. Printer: Asia Pacific Offset Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Endoscopic skull base and brain surgery : tips and pearls / Aldo Cassol Stamm, MD, PhD, Editor. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “The diagnosis and treatment of the diseases of the skull base have changed dramatically in the past few years, transforming the fields of neurosurgery and otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. The increasing advances in these fields have addressed the ENT physicians and neurosurgeons to keep up with the expanding information in the exciting area of skull base. By publishing this book, we are presenting a multidisciplinary approach to the lesions of the skull base. We bring chapters written by the most experienced groups around the world with both, basic information and the latest advances in macro and surgical anatomy, radiology, anesthesia, endocrinology, and all modalities of transnasal endoscopic assisted surgical approaches to the anterior, middle, posterior, zygomatic and infra temporal fossae. In addition, the extended approaches such as to the craniocervical junction and petrous apex are also addressed. Especial emphasis is also given to the reconstruction techniques”—Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-60406-310-3 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Skull base—Endoscopic surgery. 2. Brain—Endoscopic surgery. I. Stamm, Aldo Cassol, 1953– editor. [DNLM: 1. Skull Base—surgery. 2. Brain—surgery. 3. Brain Diseases—surgery. 4. Endoscopy—methods. WE 705] RD529.E53—2011 617.5’140597—dc22 2010049361 Copyright ©2011 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage. Important note: Medical knowledge is ever-changing. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy may be required. The authors and editors of the material herein have consulted sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error by the authors, editors, or publisher of the work herein or changes in medical knowledge, neither the authors, editors, nor publisher, nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation of this work, warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of such information. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this publication is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. Printed in China 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-1-60406-310-3 I dedicate this book to my family: my lovely and devoted wife, Dagmar, and my two children, Raquel and Guilherme, who have been endlessly supportive and patient during the development of this book. In honor of my mother, Ada, and in memory of my father, Arno, who provided me with my education. Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Section I . Tips and Pearls: Understanding the Paranasal Sinus and Skull Base 1 . Anatomical Basis of Skull Base Surgery: Skull Osteology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Carolina Martins, Alvaro Campero, Alexandre Yasuda, Luiz Felipe de Alencastro, Shigeyuki Osawa, and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. 2 . Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Carolina Martins, Luiz Felipe de Alencastro, Alberto Carlos Capel Cardoso, Alvaro Campero, Alexandre Yasuda, Jian Wang, Luiz Carlos de Alencastro, and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. 3 . Imaging in Endoscopic Paranasal Sinus and Skull Base Surgery: Three-Dimensional Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Rainer Guilherme Haetinger 4 . Nasal Endoscopy in the Preoperative Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Juan Eugenio Salas Galicia, Raúl Omar Cadena Torrero, and María Chávez Méndez 5 . Transnasal Surgical Approaches for Skull Base Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Eduardo Vellutini, Aldo Cassol Stamm, Shirley S.N. Pignatari, and Leonardo Balsalobre Filho 6 . Navigation in Endoscopic Paranasal and Skull Base Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Benjamin Bleier and Rodney J. Schlosser 7 . Anesthesia in Endoscopic Skull Base and Brain Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Nelson Mizumoto 8 . Postoperative Care in Skull Base Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Parul Goyal, Devyani Lal, and Peter H. Hwang Section II . Evolving Concepts in Endoscopic Skull Base and Brain Surgery 9 . Classification of Endonasal Approaches to the Ventral Skull Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Carl H. Snyderman, Harshita Pant, Ricardo L. Carrau, Daniel M. Prevedello, Paul A. Gardner, and Amin B. Kassam vii viii Contents 10 . Endoscopically Assisted Bimanual Operating Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Daniel B. Simmen, Hans Rudolf Briner, and Nick Jones 11 . Technical Innovations and Robotic Skull Base Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 David W. Kennedy and John M. Lee Section III . Tips and Pearls in Paranasal Sinus Approaches 12 . Maxillary and Ethmoid Sinuses in Skull Base Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Nobuyoshi Otori, Kiyoshi Yanagi, and Hiroshi Moriyama 13 . Frontal Sinus Management in Skull Base Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Kristin Seiberling and Peter-John Wormald 14 . Sphenoid Sinus in Skull Base Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Aldo Cassol Stamm, Shirley S.N. Pignatari, Daniel Timperley, Fernando Oto Balieiro, and Fábio Pires Santos Section IV . Tips and Pearls in Orbital and Optic Nerve Surgery 15 . Anatomy of the Orbit and Related Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Helder Tedeschi and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. 16 . Endoscopic Periorbital and Optic Nerve Surgery and Intra-Orbital Resections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Richard J. Harvey, Raymond Sacks, Aldo Cassol Stamm, and João Flávio Nogueira Section V . Tips and Pearls in the Transcribriform Approach 17 . Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Anterior Skull Base Meningiomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Amin B. Kassam, Daniel M. Prevedello, Paul A. Gardner, Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda, Ricardo L. Carrau, and Carl H. Snyderman 18 . Endoscopic Management of Anterior Skull Base Meningoencoephalocele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Daniel Timperley, Rodney J. Schlosser, and Richard J. Harvey Section VI . Tips and Pearls in the Transplanum Approach 19 . Endoscopic Transnasal Craniectomy and the Resection of Extensive Craniopharyngiomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Richard J. Harvey, Aldo Cassol Stamm, Daniel Timperley, and Eduardo Vellutini 20 . Transplanum, Transtuberculum Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Gurston G. Nyquist, Vijay K. Anand, and Theodore H. Schwartz 21 . The Endonasal Transplanum-Transtuberculum Endoscopic Approach in Pituitary Adenomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Giorgio Frank, Diego Mazzatenta, Vittorio Sciarretta, Matteo Zoli, Giovanni Farneti, and Ernesto Pasquini Section VII . Tips and Pearls in the Sellar and Parasellar Approach 22 . Microsurgical and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Parasellar Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Carolina Martins, Alexandre Yasuda, Alvaro Campero, Luiz Felipe de Alencastro, Kohei Inoue, and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. Contents ix 23 . Surgical Indications for Pituitary Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Marcello D. Bronstein 24 . Do’s and Don’ts in Pituitary Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Dharambir S. Sethi and Beng Ti Ang 25 . Endoscopic Transnasal Pituitary Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Aldo Cassol Stamm, Eduardo Vellutini, Daniel Timperley, and Leonardo Balsalobre 26 . Hydroscopy: Application to Pituitary Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 W. Derek Leight and Brent A. Senior 27 . Endoscopic Cavernous Sinus Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Giorgio Frank, Diego Mazzatenta, Vittorio Sciarretta, Matteo Zoli, Giovanni Farneti, and Ernesto Pasquini 28 . Transsellar/Transdorsal Approach via a Pituitary Transposition to the Interpeduncular Cistern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Daniel M. Prevedello, Amin B. Kassam, Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda, Paul A. Gardner, Ricardo L. Carrau, and Carl H. Snyderman Section VIII . Tips and Pearls in Endoscopic Transclival Surgery 29 . Endoscopic Anatomy of the Clivus and Posterior Fossa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Luigi Maria Cavallo, Isabella Esposito, Matteo De Notaris, Felice Esposito, Manfred Tschabitscher, and Paolo Cappabianca 30 . Endoscopic Transnasal Craniectomy: Approaches to the Clivus and Posterior Fossa . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Aldo Cassol Stamm, Shirley S.N. Pignatari, Eduardo Vellutini, Diego Hermann, and Daniel Timperley Section IX . Tips and Pearls in Endoscopic Transmaxillary/Transpterygoid/Infratemporal Approaches 31 . Endoscopic Transethmoid-Pterygoid-Sphenoid Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Davide Locatelli, Ilaria Acchiardi, Matteo Vitali, Frank Rikki Canevari, and Paolo Castelnuovo 32 . Pterygopalatine and Infratemporal Fossae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Marc A. Tewfik and Peter-John Wormald 33 . Endoscopic Surgery for Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Paolo Castelnuovo, Andrea Pistochini, Francesca Simoncello, Ignazio Ermoli, Andrea Bolzoni Villaret, and Piero Nicolai 34 . Lesions of the Petrous Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Carl H. Snyderman, Emiro E. Caicedo, Daniel M. Prevedello, Ricardo L. Carrau, Paul A. Gardner, and Amin B. Kassam 35 . Transmaxillary Endoscopic Approach to Contralateral Parasellar Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Luiz Felipe de Alencastro, Luiz Carlos de Alencastro, Carolina Martins, Ademir Lodetti, Alberto Carlos Capel Cardoso, Mario Faria, Kohei Inoue, Shigeyuki Osawa, and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. 36 . Suprapetrous Approach to Meckel’s Cave and Temporal Fossa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Daniel M. Prevedello, Amin B. Kassam, Ricardo L. Carrau, Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda, Paul A. Gardner, and Carl H. Snyderman
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