Trade Policies towards Developing Countries

320 Pages·1993·28.54 MB·English

by  Ippei Yamazawa

TRADE POLICIES TOWARDS DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
Trade Policies
towards
Developing Countries
Edited by
lppei Yamazawa
Professor of Economics
Hitotsubashi University, To/..yo
and
Akira Hirata
Senior Research Officer
Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo
!50th YEAR
M
St. Martin's Press
© Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo 1993
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993
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First published in Great Britain 1993 by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
ll1is book is published in association \\ith The Institute of
Developing Economies. Tokyo.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-349-22984-0 ISBN 978-1-349-22982-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-22982-6
First published in the Umtcd States of America 1993 by
Scholarly and Reference Division,
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC..
175 Fifth Avenue,
New York. N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-08557-5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Trade policies towards developing countries I edited by lppei Yamazawa
and Akira Hirata.
p. em.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-312-08557-5
I. Japan-Foreign economic relations-Developing countries.
2. Developing countries-Foreign economic relations-Japan.
3. European Economic Community countries-Foreign economic
relations-Developing countries. 4. Developing countries-Foreign
economic relations-Developing countries. 5. United States-Foreign
economic relations-Develtlping countries. 6. Developing countries
-Foreign economic relations--United States. I. Yamazawa. lppei.
1937- II. Hirata. Akira.
HFI602.15.D44TI3 1993
337.5201724--dc20 92-18929
CIP
Contents
Notes on the Contributors viii
Introduction by Ippei Yamazawa xi
Part I Japan's Trade Policies towards Developing Countries
1 Japan's Trade Imbalance and Policy Response to it
Ippei Yamazawa and Akira Hirata 3
2 Recent Developments in Japan's Imports from
Developing Countries
Shujiro Urata, Kazuhiko Yokota, Toru Nakakita,
Hirokazu Kajiwara, Takashi Nohara, Hiroshi Osada
and Satoru Okuda 9
3 General Measures towards Import Promotion in Japan
Kinya Onoda 29
4 Japan's Import Barriers: Agriculture and Distribution
Akira Hirata, Hirohisa Kohama, Shujiro Urata and
Kazuhiko Yokota 42
5 Trade Measures affecting Developing Countries
lppei Yamazawa, Kinya Onoda and Hirohisa Kohama 69
6 Japan's Trade Policies and Developing Countries
Ippei Yamazawa and Akira Hirata 87
Part II US Trade Policy towards Developing Countries
7 The Force of the Economic Winds
Stuart K. Tucker 95
8 US Agricultural Policies
Stuart K. Tucker 113
v
vi Contents
9 US Textile Trade Policy and the Proliferation of
Managed Trade
Stuart K. Tucker 131
10 Import Promotion: Preferential Arrangements
Stuart K. Tucker 145
11 Export Promotion: Market Access, Credits and Aid
Stuart K. Tucker 161
12 New Trade Issues
Stuart K. Tucker 172
13 Trade Policy for the New World Economy
Stuart K. Tucker 182
Part III European Trade Policies towards
Developing Countries
14 Structural Change and Foreign Trade in the EC
Jamuna P. Agarwal 191
15 EC Protectionism against Developing Countries:
General Tariff and Non-tariff Trade Barriers
Ulrich Hiemenz 202
16 EC Common Agricultural Policies and their Impact on
the Exports of Developing Countries
Jorg-Volker Schrader 216
17 Trade Preferences for Processed Goods from
Developing Countries
Volker Stiiven 238
18 MFA and Article 115: Two Complementary EC
Non-tariff Barriers
Dean Spinanger 259
19 The EC Single Market and its effect on Developing
Countries
Rolf J. Langhammer 272
Contents vn
20 European Trade and Developing Countries: Summary
and Conclusions
Ulrich Hiemenz 287
Bibliography 292
Index 305
Notes on the Contributors
Jamuna P. Agarwal is a senior research fellow at the Kiel Institute of
World Economics. He has written many books and articles in pro
fessional journals.
Ulrich Hiemenz is Professor at the Kiel Institute of World Econ
omics and head of the development economics department. He is
also chairman at the Scientific Advisory Council to the German
Ministry of Economic Cooperation. Areas of specialisation include
international trade and capital flows, structural adjustment and re
gional integration.
Akira Hirata is a senior research officer at the Institute of Developing
Economies, Tokyo, and has been working on the trade aspect of
development with a focus on East and Southeast Asian countries.
Hirokazu Kajiwara is Associate Professor of Economics at Chiba
Keizai University. He was previously a research officer at the
Japanese Embassy in Manila. He has been working on the quantitat
ive aspect of economic development in many Asian developing
countries, including Korea and India.
Hirohisa Kohama is Associate Professor at the University of Shizuo
ka. He previously worked at the International Development Center
of Japan for thirteen years.
Rolf J. Langhammer is a senior research fellow at the Kiel Institute
of World Economics. He has been a consultant to various govern
ment departments in the Federal Republic of Germany and to the
Commission of the European Community in Brussels.
Toru Nakakita is Associate Professor of Economics; Toyo Univer
sity, Tokyo. He has worked at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the
Research Institute on the National Economy. Development and
industrial structure are his main fields.
Takashi Nohara has been working for the Institute of Developing
Economies for almost three decades, with a break to serve as an
viii
Notes on the Contributors ix
economic officer at the Asian Development Bank for four years.
Quantitative trade analysis is his main field.
Satoru Okuda is a research officer at the Institute of Developing
Economies. Besides trade, he has worked on Korean affairs.
Kinya Onoda is Associate Professor of Economics at Kyorin Univer
sity, Tokyo. He started his academic career with work on intra
industry trade, but has expanded his research to trade policy for
development.
Hiroshi Osada joined the newly established Graduate School of
Development, Nagoya University, in 1991 after spending nineteen
years at the Institute of Developing Economies, where he worked on
the compilation of the international input-output tables for Asia and
economic forecasting, as well as on trade and development.
Jorg-Volker Schrader is a senior researcher at the Kiel Institute of
World Economics. He was previously a researcher at the Inter
national Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, Luxemburg, Austria
and a research scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. His
main research areas are international agricultural policy analysis and
raw material markets.
Dean Spinanger, senior research associate and research group head
at the Kiel Institute of World Economics, joined the Institute in 1972,
and has extensively researched and published in development econ
omics with particular emphasis on international trade as well as
labour markets. He has worked as a consultant for the World Bank,
USAID, ILO, UNCTAD and GTZ.
Volker Stiiven is a research fellow at the Kiel Institute of World
Economics.
Stuart K. Tucker was until December 1991 a fellow at the Overseas
Development Council in Washington, DC, and is now a freelance
writer, editor, and statistician. He is a public policy analyst and an
economist working primarily on international trade policy and Latin
American development issues.
Shujiro Urata is Associate Professor of Economics at Waseda Uni-
X Notes on the Contributors
versity, Tokyo. He has worked at the Brookings Institution, Wa
shington DC, and the World Bank. His main fields are international
trade and industrial organisation.
Ippei Yamazawa is Professor of Economics at Hitotsubashi Univer
sity, Kunitachi, Tokyo. His research focuses on trade and develop
ment in such countries as Japan and Asian developing countries. He
has been active in promoting economic cooperation in Asia and the
Pacific.
Kazuhiko Yokota is a research officer at the Institute of Developing
Economies. Majoring in development economics, he spent one year
at Thammasat University, Bangkok, before joining the Institute.