Trade Imbalance: The Struggle to Weigh Human Rights Concerns in Trade Policymaking PDF
Preview Trade Imbalance: The Struggle to Weigh Human Rights Concerns in Trade Policymaking
P1:KNP 9780521872560pre CUFX148AaronsonZimmerman 9780521872560 September1,2007 22:2 This page intentionally left blank ii P1:KNP 9780521872560pre CUFX148AaronsonZimmerman 9780521872560 September1,2007 22:2 trade imbalance: the struggle to weigh human rights concerns in trade policymaking Tradeiscontroversial;aroundtheworldmanypeoplebelievethattradeagreements,even tradeperse,undermineparticularhumanrightssuchaslaborrightsoraccesstoaffordable medicine(therighttohealth).Buttradeandtradeagreementscanalsoadvancehuman rights,directlyorindirectly.Infact,somecountriesusetradepoliciestoadvancespecific humanrightssuchaslaborrightsorpropertyrights.Butinalmosteverycountrypolicymakers struggletoachievebothgoals.Tradeandhumanrightsareoutofbalance. Althoughscholars,policymakers,andactivistshavelongdebatedtherelationshipbetween tradeandhumanrights,intruthweknowverylittleaboutthisrelationship.Thisbookaims to provide readers with greater insights into the relationship between human rights and trade.TheauthorsusestoriesaboutAIDS,frogs,slavery,andothertopicstodiscusswhat policymakersdotopromotehumanrightsastheyseektoexpandtrade.Second,thebook includesthefirststudyofhowSouthAfrica,Brazil,theUnitedStates,andtheEuropean Union coordinate trade and human rights objectives and resolve conflicts. It also looks athowhumanrightsissuesareseepingintotheWTO.Finally,itprovidessuggestionsto policymakersformakingtheirtradeandhumanrightspoliciesmorecoherentandbalanced. SusanArielAaronsonisResearchAssociateProfessorofInternationalAffairsattheElliott School of International Affairs and Adjunct Associate Professor at the Business School, George Washington University. She also works as a consultant for various organizations includingtheILO,theExtractiveIndustriesTransparencyInitiative,FreetheSlaves,and theU.S.governmentandprivatecompanies.Aaronsonistheauthoroffivebooksandnumer- ousarticlesontrade,investment,development,humanrights,andglobalcorporatesocial responsibilityissues.Shehasreceivednumerousgrantsforherresearchfromfoundations suchastheFord,UN,Rockefeller,andLevi-StraussFoundations.Aaronsonisafrequent speakeronglobalizationissuesandhasappearedonCNN,theBBC,andPBS.From1995to 1999,shewasacommentatorforAllThingsConsidered,Marketplace,andMorningEdition. Aaronsonisaprobono consultanttoJohnRuggie,theUNSpecialRepresentativeonthe issueofhumanrightsandtransnationalcorporations,andsheservesontheadvisoryboard ofbusiness-humanrights.org. JamieM.ZimmermanistheAssociateDirectoroftheGlobalAssetsProject,partoftheAsset BuildingProgramattheNewAmericaFoundation,whichisworkingtodevelopvisionand directionfortheadvancementofsavingsandasset-buildinginthedevelopedanddeveloping world.ShepreviouslyworkedwithDr.AaronsonastheAssociateDirectorofGlobalization Studies at the Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise of the University of North Carolina. Shemanagedthefieldresearchforthedevelopingcountrycasestudiesforthebook(Brazil, India,andSouthAfrica).WithDr.Aaronson,shepublishedanumberofarticlesandop-eds insuchpublicationsasYaleGlobalandHumanRightsQuarterly.Zimmermancompleted hermaster’sdegreeininternationalpoliticaleconomyandinternationaldevelopmentfrom thePattersonSchoolattheUniversityofKentuckyin2003.ShealsoholdsaB.A.inforeign languagesandinternationaleconomicsfromthesameuniversity. i P1:KNP 9780521872560pre CUFX148AaronsonZimmerman 9780521872560 September1,2007 22:2 ii P1:KNP 9780521872560pre CUFX148AaronsonZimmerman 9780521872560 September1,2007 22:2 Trade Imbalance: The Struggle to Weigh Human Rights Concerns in Trade Policymaking susan ariel aaronson, ph.d. BusinessSchool, GeorgeWashingtonUniversity ElliottSchoolofInternationalAffairs jamie m. zimmerman SeniorAdvisor,GlobalAssetsProgram, NewAmericaFoundation iii CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521872560 © Susan Ariel Aaronson, Jamie M. Zimmerman 2008 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2007 ISBN-13 978-0-511-46173-6 eBook (Dawsonera) ISBN-13 978-0-521-87256-0 hardback ISBN-13 978-0-521-69420-9 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. P1:KNP 9780521872560pre CUFX148AaronsonZimmerman 9780521872560 September1,2007 22:2 Contents Abbreviations page vii Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction:TheStruggletoWeighHumanRightsinTrade Policymaking 1 2 TheWorldTradeOrganizationandHumanRights:Providing SomePowertothePeopleSomeoftheTime 32 3 SouthAfrica:Inthe“RainbowNation”TradeandHuman RightsAreAnythingbutBlack-and-White 64 4 Brazil:CreatingNewRulesoftheRoad 93 5 TheEuropeanUnion:TheBehemothIsNotaDinosaur 121 6 TheUnitedStates:AtCrossPurposes–Americansatthe IntersectionofTradeandHumanRights 150 7 Conclusion:HowtoRighttheTradeImbalance 186 Appendix:InterviewsforRightingTrade,2005–2007 209 Notes 217 Index 329 v P1:KNP 9780521872560pre CUFX148AaronsonZimmerman 9780521872560 September1,2007 22:2 vi P1:KNP 9780521872560pre CUFX148AaronsonZimmerman 9780521872560 September1,2007 22:2 Abbreviations acp Africa,Caribbean,andPacificCountries(EU) afl–cio AmericanFederationofLabor,CongressofIndustrialOrganizations anc AfricanNationalCongress(SouthAfrica) bee BlackEconomicEmpowermentAct(SouthAfrica) cap CommonAgriculturalPolicy(EU) cbd ConventiononBiodiversity cosatu CongressofSouthAfricanTradeUnions ciri Cingranelli–RichardsHumanRightsDataSet csr CorporateSocialResponsibility dr-cafta DominicanRepublic/CentralAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(also knownasCAFTA-DR) ec EuropeanCommunity epz Exportprocessingzones eu EuropeanUnion fta FreeTradeAgreement ftaa FreeTradeAgreementoftheAmericas gatt GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade gdp Gross domesticproduct gsp GeneralizedSystemofPreferences ipr Intellectualpropertyrights ito InternationalTradeOrganization ldc Leastdevelopedcountry mercosur CommonMarketoftheSouth;atradeagreementamongArgentina, Brazil,Paraguay,Uruguay,andVenezuela mfn Mostfavorednation(alsoknownasnormaltraderelationsinthe UnitedStates) nafta NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(Canada,Mexico,andthe UnitedStates) nedlac NationalEconomicDevelopmentandLaborCouncil(SouthAfrica) ngo Nongovernmentalorganization vii P1:KNP 9780521872560pre CUFX148AaronsonZimmerman 9780521872560 September1,2007 22:2 viii Abbreviations sacu SouthernAfricanCustomsUnion(SouthAfrica,Botswana,Lesotho, Namibia,andSwaziland) tepac TradeandEnvironmentPolicyAdvisoryCommittee(US) tpa TradePromotionAuthority(alsoknownasfasttrack–US) trips Trade-RelatedIntellectualPropertyAgreementoftheWTO udhr UniversalDeclarationofHumanRights un UnitedNations undp UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme unesco UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization unescr InternationalCovenantonEconomic,Social,andCulturalRights uniccpr InternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights ustr U.S.TradeRepresentative wipo WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization wto WorldTradeOrganization
The list of books you might like
