Toxicology in the Use, Misuse, and Abuse of Food, Drugs, and Chemicals: Proceedings of the European Society of Toxicology Meeting, Held in Tel Aviv, March 21–24, 1982

406 Pages·1983·11.44 MB·English

by  P. Eyer (auth.)

Archives of Toxicology, Supplement 6
Toxicology in the Use,
Misuse and Abuse of Food,
Drugs and Chemicals
Proceedings of the
European Society of Toxicology
Meeting Held in Tel Aviv, March 21-24,1982
Edited by
P. L. Chambers, S. Gitter and C. M. Chambers
With 125 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo 1983
CLAIRE M. CHAMBERS and PHILIP L. CHAMBERS
University of Dublin, Department of Pharmacology, Trinity College, Dublin 2,
Ireland
S. GITIER
Institute for Occupational Health, Tel Aviv University,
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Kupat Holim - General Federation of Labour,
Tel Aviv, Israel
ISBN-13:978-3-540-12392-7 e-ISBN-13 :978-3-642-69083-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-69083-9
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. European Society of Toxicology. Meeting (1982: Tel Aviv,
Israel) Toxicology in the use, misuse, and abuse of food, drugs, and chemicals. (Archives of toxicology.
Supplement; 6) Bibliography: p. Includes index. I. Toxicology-Congresses. 2. Food poisoning-Congresses.
3. Drugs-Toxicology-Congresses. I. Chambers, P. L. (Philip L.), 1931-. II. Gitter, S. (Simon). III. Chambers,
C. M. (Claire M.). IV. Title. V. Series. [DNLM: I. Toxicology-Congresses. WI AR49GA v.6/QV 600 E96
1982t] RA1190.E8 Suppl., vol. 6 [RAI191] 615.9s [615.9] 83-9434
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Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof
contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other
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212313130-543210.
Contents
Effects of Foreign Substances on Blood
The Red Cell as a Sensitive Target for Activated Toxic Arylamines
P. EYER. With 3 Figures .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chemotherapy Related Leukemogenesis
D.MEYTESandB.RAMOT ................................................. 13
Drug Vulnerability of Peripheral Blood Platelets
M. DJALDETTI. With 12 Figures ............................................. 21
Drug Toxicity on Thrombocyte Receptors
A. ROTMAN ............................................................ 33
Effects of Radiographic Contrast Media on the Serum Complement System
P. TIRONE and E. BOLDRINI. With 3 Figures ................................... 37
An Hypothesis for the Induction of Leukemia by Benzene
L. BRAIER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Toxic Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen on the Blood
A. CERRATI, G. BRUNO, C. CASAROTTO, A. MARIANI, 1. RAGGI, A. RONZIO and
F. VIOLA.. ....... .......... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................ .... 47
In Vitro Effects of Mercury on Platelet Aggregation, Thromboxane and Vascular Prosta
cyclin Production
L. CAPRINO, A. R. TOGNA, B. CEBO, N. DOLCI and G. TOGNA. With 2 Figures ........ 48
Partial Isolation and Characterisation of a Hemagglutinating Factor from Avocado Seed
Y. Y AAKOBOVICH and 1. NEEMAN. With 2 Figures .............................. 52
VI Contents
Drugs of Abuse-With Special Reference to Marijuana and Phencyclidine
Guide to the Analysis of Phencyclidine and its Metabolites in Biological Material
1.-E. LINDGREN and B. HOLMSTEDT. With 3 Figures ............................ 61
Quantification of Lll_ Tetrahydrocannabinol in Tissues and Body Fluids
1.-E. LINDGREN ......................................................... 74
Characterization of the Interaction of Phencyclidine and its Derivatives with the Ionic
Channel of the Nicotinic Receptor
R. HARING, S. THEOMY, A. KALIR and M. SOKOLOVSKY. With 4 Figures ............ 81
Models to Predict Cannabinoid-Induced Disturbances
H. EDERY. With 3 Figures .................................................. 91
Cannabinoid Drugs
R. MECHOULAM, N. LANDER, S. DIKSTEIN and B. SHALITA 104
A Novel Non-Centrifugation Radioimmunoassay for Cannabinoids
M. CAIS, S. DANI and M. SHIMONI. With 3 Figures ............................... 105
Behavioral Changes Indicative of Cannabinoids or Phencyclidine Intoxication in Man
E. MALIZIA, S. BORGO, G. ANDREUCCI and M. SMERIGLIO ...................... 114
Effect of Cannabis on Enzyme Induction by Phenobarbital
P. SANZ, P. VILLAR and M. REPETTO. With 1 Figure ............................. 115
Mydriasis Induced by Lll_ Tetrahydrocannabinol in Rats
A. D. KORCZYN and Y. ESHEL .............................................. 121
Localization of Phencyclidine in the Rat Brain in Vivo
G. A. SIMON. A. CHARI-BITRON and L. MOTOLA. With 4 Figures 122
Chromosome Damage in Heroin-Marijuana and Marijuana Addicts
E. CHIESARA, R. CUTRUFELLO and R. RIZZI ................................... 128
Alteration of Glucose Liver Metabolism by Acute Treatment with Cannabis
P.SANZ,C.RODRIGUEZ-VICENTEandM.REPETTO ............................ 131
Disposition of Phencyclidine after Intramuscular Administration
A. CHARI-BITRON, H. EDERY, R. CHEN and L. MOTOLA. With 3 Figures 132
Phencyclidine-Dependent Chemiluminescence of Rat Alveolar Macrophages
A. CHARI-BITRON and L. MOTOLA. With 1 Figure ............................... 137
Cultures of Central Neurons Grown in the Presence of Phencyclidine
A. AMIR, A. KALIR and A. SHAHAR. With 3 Figures .............................. 141
Interaction of Phencyclidines with Acetylcholine Receptor in Cultured Myotubes
A. AMIR, M. REIS, A. SHAINBERG and P. FUCHS ................................ 149
Contents VII
Toxic Agents in Food
Naturally Occurring Toxicants in Foods and Their Significance in the Human Diet
l. E. LrENER. With 9 Figures ................................................. 153
Gossypol in Cottonseed Products: Toxicology and Inactivation
S.YANNAlandD.BENSAL .................................................. 167
Protease Inhibitors from Legume Seeds: Chemistry and Implications in Nutrition, Pest
Control and Medicine
Y.BIRK ................................................................. 175
Mycotoxins in Food
R. SCHOENTAL .......................................................... 176
Accentuated Response to Raw Soya-Bean Meal by Meal Feeding
Z. NITS AN ,I. NIR and I. E. LrENER. With I Figure ................................ 177
Toxicological Evaluation of a Liquid Fraction Derived from Palm Oil
D. COHEN, S. Y ANNAl and S. MOKADY. With 2 Figures ........................... 182
Amanita verna Poisoning in Israel-Report of a Rare Case out of Time and Place
E. HAZANI, U. T AITELMAN and S. M. SHASHA ................................. 186
Intoxication by the Chickling Pea (Lathyrus sativus): Nervous System and Skeletal Findings
D. F. COHN and M. STREIFLER. With 2 Figures .................................. 190
Examples of Poisonous Plants in Israel of Importance to Animals and Man
A. SHLOSBERG and M. N. EGYED ............................................ 194
Xenobiotics
Pesticide Residues in Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates
A. S. PERRY. A. GASITH and Y. MOZEL. With 2 Figures 199
Interrenal Activity and Cortisol Metabolism in Organochlorine-Contaminated Fish (Saro
therodon aureus)
Z. ILAN and Z. Y ARON ..................................................... 205
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Birds and Mammals
P.L. CHAMBERS and D. W. NORRISS. With 3 Figures 206
Ricinlls communis as a Source of a Potential Selective Rodenticide
A. RINSKY. A. S. PERRY and H. EDERY ....................................... 213
Warfarin and the Grey Squirrel
C. M. CHAMBERS and P. L. CHAMBERS. With 2 Figures 214
VIII Contents
The Effect of Monoacetin and Calcium Chloride on Acid-Base Balance and Survival in
Experimental Sodium Fluoroacetate Poisoning
U. TAITELMAN, A. ROY (SHAPIRA), B. RAIKHLIN-EISENKRAFT and E. HOFFER. With
1 Figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Fluoroacetamide Poisoning in Man: The Role of Ionized Calcium
U. TAITELMAN, A. ROY (SHAPIRA) and E. HOFFER. With 2 Figures 228
Biochemical Aspects of Fluoroacetate Poisoning in Isolated Rat Kidney Tubules: Re
versibility of Inhibition of Gluconeogenesis by a-Ketoglutarate
P. WIEDEMANN, L. SZINICZ and N. WEGER. With 3 Figures ...................... . 232
Acute Central Nervous System Changes due to Intoxication by Manzidan (A Combined
Dithiocarbamate of Maneb and Zineb)
R. ISRAELI, M. SCULSKY and P. TIBERIN. With 1 Figure ......................... . 238
Convulsions Induced by Lindane and the Involvement of the GABAergic System
F. CA ITA BENI, M. C. P ASTORELLO and M. ELI. With 1 Figure ................... . 244
Action of Ammonium Meta Vanadate on Hepatic Enzymes in Vitro
F. E. BEYHL. With 1 Figure .............................................. . 250
Effect of Diastereoisomeric Epoxyrotenones on Hepatic Epoxide Hydrase Activity
D. COVA and A. ARNOLDI. With 2 Figures .................................... . 254
2 Methylene-p-Alanine Methyl Ester: A Toxic Amino Acid Originating from the Sponge
Fasciospongia cavernosa
I. NEEMAN. With 2 Figures 258
Endorphins in Endotoxin-Induced Hyperglycemia in Mice
S. AMIR and M. HAREL. With 2 Figures ....................................... . 261
Covalent Protein Binding of Vinyl Chloride Metabolites During Co-Incubation of Freshly
Isolated Hepatocytes and Hepatic Sinusoidal Cells of Rats
H. OTTENW ALDER. H. KAPPUS and H. M. BOLT ............................. . 266
The Contribution of Veterinary Toxicology to Environmental Health
M.N.EGYEDandA.SHLOSBERG ...................................... : .. . 271
Lead Poisoning from Ceramics in the Arab Population
E. MANOR and E. FREUNDLICH ............................................ . 275
Redistribution and Increased Brain Uptake of Lead in Rats After Treatment with Diethyl
dithiocarbamate
A. OSKARSSON. With 2 Figures ............................................. . 279
Conversion of Inorganic Lead into a Highly-Toxic Organic Derivative by Marine Micro
organisms
I. BERDICEVSKY, M. SHACHAR and S. Y ANNAl 285
Contents IX
Novel and New Techniques in Toxicology
Sperm Cell Motility as a New Experimental Model for Toxicological Studies
A. MA YEVSKY. D. BAR-SAGlE and B. BARTOOV. With 3 Figures ................... 295
Hemoperfusion with Chelating Microspheres as a New Treatment for Severe Mercury
Poisoning
S. MARGEL J. HIRSH and E. HARARI. With 1 Figure ............................. 300
An Electrophysiological Approach to Metal Intoxication of the Eye
S. GOSHEN and U. YIN ON .................................................. 306
Detection of 14C-Carmoisine Metabolites by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
M. MARINOVICH, A. FERRARI, N. PACINI and C. L. GALLI. With 5 Figures .......... 307
Secondary Ion Mass Spectra (SIMS) as a Tool for Biomedical Studies: Mono-and Diquaternary
Pyridine Oximes
A. VINCZE, K. L. BUSCH and R G. COOKS ................................... 3 14
A New Technique for the Determination of Diethylstilboestrol
H. DIEDERIK, J. G. D. LAMBERT and P. J. D. SAKKERS. With 3 Figures 315
Isolated Intestinal Cells of Guinea Pig: A Suitable Model for Assessing Direct Toxic Effects
of Ethanol on the Mucosa of the Upper Small Intestine
V. LOPEZ DEL PINO, E. HEGAZY, G. HAUBER, H. REMMER and M. SCHWENK. With
3 Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Pyrenebutyl-Methylphosphonofluoridate: A Fluorescent Anti-Cholinesterase in Vivo
H. EDERY. With 3 Figures ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
A Novel Micromethod for the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Assay for Endotoxin,
Based on Hydrostatic Pressure
I. NEEMAN, M. MITTELMAN and S. L. GAFFIN. With 3 Figures ..................... 333
Analysis of Succinylcholine in Tissues and Body Fluids by Ion-Pair Extraction and Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
I.K.NORDGREN,RB.FORNEYJr.,F.T. CARROLL,B.R HOLMSTEDT,I.JADERH OLM-EK
and B.-M. PETTERSSON. With 12 Figures ....................................... 339
Determination ofT.N.T. Metabolites in Urine
J.ALMOG,S.KRAUSandA.BASCH .. .. .. .. .... ........... .. .. ............. .. . 351
The Necessity to Determine the Drug and its Metabolites in Forensic and Clinical Toxicology
D.RA. UGES ........................................................... 354
Presence of the Cytochrome P-450 and Associated Drug-Metabolising Activity in Daphnia
magna
P. ADE, E. CHIESARA, E. FUNARI, A. RAMUNDO ORLANDO, L. VITTOZZI and
L. MARABINI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
x Contents
Survival, Bodyweight and Food Consumption Data Obtained from Life Span Rodent Studies
in Isolated Animal Units
D. N. HISCOX, R. F .A. HUSBAND and M. C. PERRY. With 3 Figures .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
A Comparison of Automated Data Collection and Manual Data Collection for Toxicology
Studies
H. SALEM, E. ROTH and J. FORNANGO ........................................ 361
Computer Recording of Pathology Data
J. C. WHITNEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Miscellaneous Toxic Effects
The Effects ofValproic Acid on Liver Function
F.A.DEWOLFF,A. C. B.PETERSandG.M.J. VAN KEMPEN. With I Figure 369
Adrenocortical Activation by 5-Fluorouracil and its Possible Reversal by Thymidine
P. PREZIOSI and M. VACCA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Chlorpropamide Abuse in a Non-Diabetic Patient
M. SANTO, S. ALMOG, Y. SIDI, M. GAPANY, D. ADERKA and J. PINKHAS 377
Life-Threatening Theophylline Intoxication in a Hypothyroid Patient
D. AOERKA, G. SHAVIT, D. GARFINKEL, M. SANTO, S. GITTER andJ. PINKHAS 378
Accumulation and Adverse Effects of Metoprolol and Propranolol After Concurrent Admini
stration of Cimetidine
W. KIRCH, H. SPAHN, H. KOHLER and E. MUTSCHLER. With 2 Figures ................ 379
A Case of Reversible Tachy-bradycardia Syndrome and Permanent Neurological Sequelae
in Lithium Intoxication
E. MANOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Interactions Between Anticholinesterase Agents and Neuroleptics in Terms of Cholinesterase
Inhibition in Brain and Other Tissues of Rats
H. MICHALEK, R. NEMESIO, A. MENEGUZand G. M. BISSO. With 1 Figure ............ 386
Toxicity Studies with Human Fibroblast Interferon
H. RONNEBERGERandJ. HILFENHAUS ....................................... 391
Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397·
Indexed in Current Contents