Toxicology for the Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences

531 Pages·2021·14.315 MB·English

by  Antonio Peña-Fernández, Mark D. Evans, Marcus S. Cooke

Toxicology for the Health and
Pharmaceutical Sciences

Toxicology for the Health and
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Edited by
Dr. Antonio Peña-Fernández, PhD, SFHEA,
Dr. Mark D. Evans, PhD, MRSC, FIBMS and
Dr. Marcus S. Cooke, PhD, FRCPath
First edition published 2022
by CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Peña-Fernandez, Antonio, editor. | Evans, Mark D., editor. | Cooke, Marcus S., editor.
Title: Toxicology for the health and pharmaceutical sciences/edited by Dr. Antonio Peña-Fernandez,
PhD, SFHEA, Dr. Mark D. Evans, PhD, MRSC, FIBMS, Dr. Marcus S. Cooke, PhD, FRCPath.
Description: First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Identifers: LCCN 2021019752 (print) | LCCN 2021019753 (ebook) | ISBN 9781138303362 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781032100227 (paperback) | ISBN 9780203730584 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Toxicology. | Chemicals—Safety measures.
Classifcation: LCC RA1190 .T697 2022 (print) | LCC RA1190 (ebook) | DDC 363.17/91—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021019752
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021019753
ISBN: 978-1-138-30336-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-10022-7 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-73058-4 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9780203730584
Typeset in Palatino
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Antonio Peña‑Fernández—This book is dedicated
to my parents Ángela Fernández and Cástor Peña,
for their unconditional support, and to my dear
brothers and nephews. I love you so much.
Mark D. Evans—Dedicated to Jill for her
understanding, love and support.
Marcus S. Cooke—Dedicated to Emily,
Evie and Harrison, for their understanding,
patience, willingness to travel, and their
courage and strength wherever we arrive.

Contents
Preface � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ix
Acknowledgments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xi
About the Editors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xiii
List of Contributors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �xv
1 Introduction to Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Mª Teresa Hernández, Mª del Carmen Berrocal, Domingo Ly‑Pen and
Mª Victorina Aguilar
2 Toxicokinetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Jesús Molpeceres, María de los Ángeles Peña and María del Rosario Aberturas
3 Metabolism and Biotransformation of Xenobiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Hilmi Orhan
4 Mechanistic Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Pramila Singh, Christian Strupp and Werner Bomann
5 Genetic Toxicology and Carcinogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Pavel Rossner Jr., Radim J. Sram and Andrea Rossnerova
6 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
François Spézia, Paul C. Barrow and Pramila Singh
7 Juvenile Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Paul C. Barrow, Pramila Singh and François Spézia
8 In Vitro Toxicity Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Guillermo Repetto, Consuelo Alvarez Herrera, Raquel Rojas, Ana del Peso
and Sara Maisanaba
9 In Vivo Toxicity Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Carmen González‑Martín, Esther Gramage, María José Polanco and
Carmen Rodríguez‑Rivera
10 T oxicological Applications of Genomic, Proteomic and Metabolomic
Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Carmen Pérez‑García, Francisco Javier Rupérez, María Haro and Gonzalo Herradón
11 Toxic Effects of Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
María de los Ángeles, Jesús Molpeceres, María del Rosario Aberturas and
Antonio Peña‑Fernández
12 Toxicology of Herbal Medicines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Hilmi Orhan, Ege Arzuk, Fuat Karakuş and Ali Ergüç
13 Toxicology of Industrial Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Antonio Peña‑Fernández, Mark D. Evans and María de los Ángeles Peña
14 Food Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Arturo Anadón, Irma Ares, María‑Rosa Martínez‑Larrañaga and
María‑Aránzazu Martínez
vii
CONTENTS
15 Nanotoxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Ma Victorina Aguilar, Ma del Carmen Berrocal, Domingo Ly‑Pen and
Ma Teresa Hernández
16 Human Health Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Sophie A. Rocks
17 Toxicological Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Gary Moss and Simon Wilkinson
18 Human Biomonitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Antonio Peña‑Fernández, María de los Ángeles Peña and Marcus S. Cooke
19 Introduction to Environmental Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Christian Khalil
20 Exposomics and Environmental Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343
Sonia Dagnino and Jessica Laine
21 Pesticide Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Elliot Gordon
22 Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics as Emerging Environmental Contaminants . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Carmen José Mateos Vega and María José González Muñoz
23 Environmental Recovery and Remediation: The role of soil pollution on human health . . . . . 387
M. Carmen Lobo‑Bedmar and M. Mar Gil‑Díaz
24 Toxicology and Climate Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
John P. Berry
25 Chemical Warfare and Terrorism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Hazem Matar and Robert P. Chilcott
26 Toxicology of Drugs of Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464
Marta Vicente‑Rodríguez, Gonzalo Herradón and Carmen Pérez‑García
27 Case Studies in Human Toxicology 1: Human Health Risk Assessments
for Arsenic and Beryllium in Urban Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Antonio Peña‑Fernández, María José González‑Muñoz, Gevorg Tepanosyan,
Mark D. Evans and María del Carmen Lobo‑Bedmar
28 Case Studies in Toxicology 2: Recovering Environments Affected by Chemical
Incidents: The Chemical Recovery Navigation Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Antonio Peña‑Fernández, Stacey Wyke and Raquel Duarte‑Davidson
Index � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �501
viii
Preface
There is an increasing need for a knowledge of toxicology to safeguard the use of chemicals in
industry, public and private sectors. In particular, the health sector requires workers to have a
basic knowledge of toxicology due to the large burden of disease and mortality caused by chemi-
cals and drugs of abuse. Moreover, current anthropogenic activities and the development of new
techniques for chemical creation, production, manufacturing and use have made necessary the
development of different tools to evaluate the safety of these substances to protect human health.
Therefore, the study of toxicology should be part of the education of all fully formed professionals
in the health sciences.
Knowledge of toxicology is critical for the scientifc evaluation of the risks that chemicals can
pose to human health and to the environment. Such knowledge is also important to manage risk,
respond to any accidental or deliberate release of chemical substances to the environment and
to implement remediation strategies. Moreover, a modern healthcare sector requires profession-
als with an education in toxicology to tackle the negative public perception of the chemical and
pharmaceutical industries for the environment and public health. Thus, the subject of toxicology is
of critical importance to protect human health against chemicals and/or drugs that may be present
in the environment or may pose a threat to the population in the aftermath of a chemical incident
(i.e. the release of one or more chemicals to the environment). For these reasons, academics should
develop and offer toxicological education that will play an essential part of the education of future
health workers to face these chemical threats.
Comprising a series of chapters from leading toxicology, pharmacy and public health aca-
demics and experts across Europe, the United States and beyond, Toxicology for the Health and
Pharmaceutical Sciences provides a concise yet comprehensive volume that can be used as a relevant
textbook on toxicology for the clinical, healthcare, educational and professional sectors. This book
covers the fundamentals and recent developments in toxicology, to respond to local and global
chemical and pharmaceutical threats due to globalization and human activities. Thus, this volume
has chapters specifcally designed to support the understanding of the most current, toxicology-
related subjects for any undergraduate/postgraduate health programmes, as well as aiding with
the delivery of continuing professional development training on up-to-date topics in toxicology
for current practicing health professionals wishing to improve their background knowledge in
toxicology.
The textbook begins with 10 introductory chapters that provide basic and cutting-edge informa-
tion on toxicology. Chapters 11–26 were written by researchers who are experts in their felds and
further cover fundamental and applied topics, together with descriptions of novel tools in relevant
toxicology specialties. The fnal section of this volume provides practical guidance in the form of two
detailed case studies based on real-world/developed scenarios for characterising human risks to
environmental pollutants and on how to use innovative guidance and tools to respond to chemical
incidents, which will facilitate the user to acquire and practice these relevant skills highlighted in
previous chapters.
This textbook is therefore a vital, comprehensive resource and reference for students, academics,
researchers and employees in the pharmaceutical-, health- and environmental health-related sub-
ject areas. Arguably, this textbook is also vital reading and reference for policymakers and others
that infuence and decide regulations that have an impact on the environment and human health.
Although there is a particular focus on Europe and the US, refecting the current and emerging
toxicological issues in those areas, this text has global relevance.
ix