Toxic Properties of Pesticides PDF
Preview Toxic Properties of Pesticides
T O X IC PROPERTIES O F PESTICIDES Environmental Science and Pollution Control Series 1. Toxic Metal Chemistry in Marine Environments, Muhammad Sadiq 2. Handbook of Polymer Degradation, edited by S. Halim Hamid, Mo- hamed B. Amin, and AH G. Maadhah 3. Unit Processes in Drinking Water Treatment, Willy J. Massche/ein 4. Groundwater Contamination and Analysis at Hazardous Waste Sites, edited by Suzanne Lesage and Richard E. Jackson 5. Plastics Waste Management: Disposal, Recycling, and Reuse, edited by Nabil Mustafa 6. Hazardous Waste Site Soil Remediation: Theory and Application of Innovative Technologies, edited by David J. Wilson and Ann N. Clarke 7. Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization, edited by Donald L. Wise and Debra J. Jrantolo 8. Remediation of Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soils, edited by Don- ald L. Wise and Debra J. Jrantolo 9. Water Contamination and Health: Integration of Exposure Assess- ment, Toxicology, and Risk Assessment, edited by Rhoda G. M. Wang 10. Pollution Control in Fertilizer Production, edited by Charles A. Hodge and Neculai N. Popovici 11. Groundwater Contamination and Control, edited by Uri Zoller 12. Toxic Properties of Pesticides, Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff and John A. King 13. Combustion and Incineration Processes: Applications in Environ- mental Engineering, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Walter R. Niessen 14. Hazardous Chemicals in the Polymer Industry, Nicholas P. Chere- misinoff Additional Volumes in Preparation Handbook of Highly Toxic Materials Handling and Management, edited by Stanley S. Grossel and Daniel A. Crow! T O X IC P R O P E R T I ES O F P E S T I C I D ES NICHOLAS P. CHEREMISINOFF National Association of Safety and Health Professionals Morganville, New Jersey JOHN A. KING University of Maryland College Park, Maryland Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York*Basel• Hong Kong Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Toxic properties of pesticides p. cm. — (Environmental science and pollution control) Includes indexes. ISBN 0-8247-9253-X (acid-free paper) 1. Pesticides—Toxicology—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. King, John Allison. II. Series. RA1270.P4C534 1994 615.9'02-dc20 94-25786 CIP Neither the authors nor the publisher make specific claims or warranties as to interpretations of EPA mandates or FIFRA technical guidelines in this volume. The safe handling practices and diagnostic and prognostic data outlined herein are derived solely from FIFRA and U.S. Government publications and are represented as such for information, not as medical advice to be used for specific cases or exposure incidents nor as a substitute for professional medical advice or counsel. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quan- tities. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional Mar- keting at the address below. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 1994 by MARCEL DEKKER, INC. All Rights Reserved. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. MARCEL DEKKER, INC. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Current printing (last digit): 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Preface The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) states that no pesticide may be sold or distributed unless it is approved. Under the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR 40), requirements for product registration are established. Pesticides, although essential products, have long been recognized as posing potential health and safety problems to the individuals applying them as well as endangerment to the environment and surround- ing communities. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has taken a strong stand in the enforcement of FIFRA, not only through strict registration and licensing of products, but also in establishing risk/benefit standards for each proposed and existing product and its intended usage. Pesticides are used for specific applications; their misuse can result in occupational diseases, de- struction of the ecology, and significant endangerment to sur- rounding communities. Since FIFRA was enacted in 1947, thousands of pesticide prod- ucts have been registered. However, the standards for their safe usage and applications have changed dramatically. Because the iii iv Preface science of toxicology has matured, we now realize that many products used in the past were dangerous. Today, we have only approximately 600 pesticide active ingredients that require reg- istration under FIFRA. Unfortunately, EPA has only issued reg- istration standards for about 185. Part of the problem stems from the need for additional toxicological and analytical research as well as a more thorough reevaluation and comprehensive review of existing data. This volume provides a comprehensive reference on the toxi- cological properties of and safe handling practices for pesticides. It is intended to assist the practitioner in proper usage and reg- istration of pesticide ingredients. Users, distributors, manufac- turers, and suppliers of pesticide ingredients will find this a useful reference. Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff John A. King Contents Preface Hi Part I: Regulations and Safety 1. The Registration Process 3 2. Federal and State Cooperation 9 3. Cancellation and Suspension Rules 13 4. General Safety Issues 17 Part II: Toxicology 5. Organophosphate Insecticides 27 6. TV-Methyl Carbamate Insecticides 43 7. Solid Organochlorine Insecticides 51 8. Insecticides of Biological Origin 61 9. Other Insecticides, Acaricides, and Repellents 73 10. Arsenic Compounds 97 v vi Contents Part III: Properties, Action, and Toxicoiogical Database 107 Appendix A: Leading Pesticide Producers and 273 Their Addresses Appendix B: Pesticide Products Cross Index 283 Appendix C: Application Index 309 Index 325 T O X IC PROPERTIES O F PESTICIDES
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