Toxic C ultures Genre Fiction and Film Companions Series Editor: Simon Bacon TO X IC C U L T U R E S A Companion Edited by Simon Bacon PETER LANG Oxford • Bern • Berlin • Bruxelles • New York • Wien Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bacon, Simon, 1965- editor. Title: Toxic cultures : a companion / Simon Bacon, [editor] Description: Oxford : New York : Peter Lang, 2022. | Series: Genre fiction and film companions, 2631-8725 ; vol. 8 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021017993 (print) | LCCN 2021017994 (ebook) | ISBN 9781789979534 (paperback) | ISBN 9781789979541 (ebook) | ISBN 9781789979558 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Popular culture--21st century. | Mass media and culture. | Popular culture--Social aspects. Classification: LCC HM621 .T689 2022 (print) | LCC HM621 (ebook) | DDC 302.23--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021017993 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021017994 Cover design by Brian Melville for Peter Lang. ISSN 2631-8725 ISBN 978-1-78997-953-4 (print) ISBN 978-1-78997-954-1 (ePDF) ISBN 978-1-78997-955-8 (ePUB) © Peter Lang Group AG 2022 Published by Peter Lang Ltd, International Academic Publishers, Oxford, United Kingdom [email protected], www.peterlang.com Simon Bacon has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Editor of this Work. All rights reserved. All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems. This publication has been peer reviewed. Contents Acknowledgements ix Simon Bacon Introduction 1 Patricia MacCormack Prologue: From Toxic Humanity to Ahumanity 17 Part I Foundations Carl Wilson Bioshock, 2K Games (2007) – Toxicity and Contagion 27 Louis Bayman Chernobyl, Craig Mazin (2019) – Toxic History 35 Kyle Moody Succession, Jesse Armstrong (2018– present) – Toxic Ideology 45 Natalie Wilson Get Out, Jordan Peele (2017) – Toxic Whiteness 53 Franziska E. Kohlt The Coronavirus Act (2020), UK Government Communication (March 2020–present) – Toxic Language 63 vi Contents Daniel Sheppard Halloween, David Gordon Green (2018) – Toxic Nostalgia 71 Part II Sexuality and Gender Cynthia Jones Cinderella, Kenneth Branagh (2015) – Toxic Fairy Tales 81 Erin Giannini Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Joss Whedon (1997– 2003) – Toxic Masculinity 91 Paula Ashe Pussyhat Movement (2017– Present) – Toxic Feminism 99 Callie Graham Crazy Ex- Girlfriend, Rachel Bloom and Aline Brosh McKenna (2015– 2019) – Toxic Relationships 107 Ildikó Limpár Wayward Children Series, Seanan McGuire (2016– Present) – Toxic Parenting 119 Part III Popular Culture Pembe Gözde Erdogan Gelin Evi [Bride’s House], Cem Semercioglu (2015– 2019) – Toxic Television 131 Contents vii Mateusz Świetlicki ‘Toxic’, Britney Spears (2003) – Toxic Music 141 Cathleen Allyn Conway Ghostbusters: Answer the Call, Paul Feig (2016) – Toxic Franchises and Misogyny 149 Debaditya Mukhopadhyay Kabir Singh, Sandeep Reddy Vanga (2019) – Toxic Criticism 161 Bethan Jones Star Wars Episodes VII– IX, Various (2015– 2019) – Toxic Fandom and Racism 171 Part IV Society Melody Blackmore Paradise Hills, Alice Waddington (2019) – Toxic Positivity 183 Ken Monteith ‘Sadfishing’ (2019– Present) – Toxic Social Media 191 Jay Daniel Thompson Troll Hunting, Ginger Gorman (2019) – Toxicity and Trolling 201 Madeline Muntersbjorn ‘The Denialist Playbook’, Sean Carroll (2020) – Toxic Denialism 209 viii Contents Deborah G. Christie ‘Title X Gag Rule’ (2019– Present) – Toxic Censorship 217 Part V Humanity Martyn Colebrook The City & the City, China Miéville (2009) – Toxic Cities 227 Phil Fitzsimmons and Edie Lanphar Brimstone, Martin Koolhoven (2016) – Toxic Education 235 Blake I. Collier Martyrs, Pascal Laugier (2008) – Toxic Fundamentalism 243 Tom Ue and Alexander Wills Parasite, Bong Joon Ho (2019) – Toxic Economies 253 Rebecca Booth The Last Winter, Larry Fessenden (2006) – Toxic Ecologies 261 Elana Gomel Bird Box, Josh Malerman (2014) – Toxic Futures 269 Helen Gavin Epilogue: Toxicity and Positivity 277 Bibliography 285 Notes on Contributors 321 Index 329