Toxic Chemical and Biological Agents: Detection, Diagnosis and Health Concerns PDF
Preview Toxic Chemical and Biological Agents: Detection, Diagnosis and Health Concerns
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - A: Chemistry and Biology Toxic Chemical and Biological Agents Detection, Diagnosis and Health Concerns Edited by Giovanni Sindona Joseph H. Banoub Maria Luisa Di Gioia AB 3 Toxic Chemical and Biological Agents NATO Science for Peace and Security Series This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS). The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1) Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3) NATO, Partner and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are generally “Advanced Study Institutes” and “Advanced Research Workshops”. The NATO SPS Series collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are co-organized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO’s “Partner” or “Mediterranean Dialogue” countries. The observations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of participants and contributors only; they should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO views or policy. Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses to convey the latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience. Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for future action. Following a transformation of the programme in 2006, the Series has been re-named and re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction with the NATO Emerging Security Challenges Division. Sub-Series A. Chemistry and Biology Springer B. Physics and Biophysics Springer C. Environmental Security Springer D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press http://www.nato.int/science http://www.springer.com http://www.iospress.nl Series A: Chemistry and Biology Toxic Chemical and Biological Agents Detection, Diagnosis and Health Concerns edited by Giovanni Sindona Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende, Italy Joseph H. Banoub Special Projects Science Branch Fisheries and Oceans Canada St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada and Maria Luisa Di Gioia Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nurture Science University of Calabria Rende, Italy PublishedinCooperationwithNATOEmergingSecurityChallengesDivision Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Detection, Diagnosis and Health Concerns of Toxic Chemical and Biological Agents: Mass Spectroscopy and Allied Topics Cetraro, Italy September 29 - October 5, 2019 ISBN 978-94-024-2043-2 (PB) ISBN 978-94-024-2040-1 (HB) ISBN 978-94-024-2041-8 (e-book) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2041-8 Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © Springer Nature B.V. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Dedicated to the Memory of Professor Giovanni Sindona Professor Giovanni Sindona Professor Giovanni Sindona, Department of Chemistry, University of Calabria (Italy), died on Thursday, January 16, 2020. We have lost a dear friend, a scholar, and a gentleman. Giovanni was born in Messina, Italy, on April 9, 1949, and graduated with a B.Sc. (Hons) Chemistry in 1972 from the University of Messina. After completing his Ph.D., Professor Sindona applied for bioanalytical chemistry (mass spectrometry). In 1978, he was awarded the “Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Fellowship” by the renowned Institute für Physikalische Chemie at Bonn University. At the beginning of the 1980s, Professor Sindona became a NATO scholar at King’s College London under the direction of Professor Colin B. Reese where he developed new strategies for the synthesis of nucleic acids. In 1990, he became Full Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Calabria and the University of Magna Graecia Catanzaro teaching organic chemistry. Throughout his academic career, he held important management positions: Dean of Mathematics, Physics, and Natural Sciences faculty from 1994 to 1997. Professor Sindona directed the Department of Chemistry from 1997 to 2003 and from 2007 to 2015 during the establishment of the former Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies. Between 1990 to 2019, Professor Sindona organized and directed five NATO International Schools for young researchers on the application of mass spectrometry to biomolecular chemistry in Italy and abroad. In 2009, he became Co-director of NATO- ASI, Science for Peace and Security Programme for experts on the Detection of Biological Agents and Toxins for the Prevention of Bioterrorism in Homeland Security. Professor Sindona has been a member of the Italian Society of Chemistry (SCI), where he was President of the Mass Spectrometry Division and coordinator of the interdivisional group of proteomic. He was President of the SCI Calabria section, and from 1979 he was permanent member of the Alexander von-Humboldt Foundation. Professor Sindona was member of the American Society of Mass Spectrometry since 1990. He was awarded the “Piria Award for research” in 2008, and in 2011 he received the international award “Il Bergamotto” for his studies on the research activity linked to Calabria region. Rest in peace old friend and travel safely through the universe. Joseph H Banoub (Canada) Leonardo Di Donna (Italy) Preface This new book entitled Detection, Diagnosis and Health Concerns of Toxic Chemical and Biological Agents: Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics represents the main lectures given at the NATO ASI (Advanced Study Institute), which was held successfully at the Grand Hotel San Michele, Cetraro, Italy, from September 29 to October 5, 2019. First of all, this NATO-ASI would have not been possible without the excellent help and coordination from the NATO Science Committee of the Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme. This NATO-ASI was organized by the two Co-directors—Professor Giovanni Sindona (Univ. of Calabria) and Professor Marc Suter (EAWAG)—and members of the Organizing Committee—Joseph Banoub (Fisheries & Oceans Canada), Richard Caprioli (Vanderbilt Univ.), Maria Luisa Di Gioa (Univ. Calabria), and Gianluca Giorgi (Univ. of Siena). We all were truly saddened by the untimely death of Professor Giovanni Sindona, several months after this NATO-ASI. We decided to dedicate this NATO-ASI to the memory of Professor Sindona, who, besides being one of the best scientist in Italy, was also a real pioneer in organizing similar NATO-ASI meetings in the last decades. This NATO-ASI meeting opening session was presented by the “Al Maginifico” Rettore, Della Universita Di Calabria, the Professor Gino Cressi and the General Commander Gerardo Sica Della Assozione Nationale Carabinieri Di Cozenza. This meeting began with a presentation by Dr. Joseph Banoub (Fisheries and Oceans Canada) describing the NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme to the audience, a quick tour in the history of the NATO-ASI Scientific Programme and its past and present successes. We are indebted to Professor Caprioli who was instru- mental in inviting the best lecturers and to avail secured funding from the manufacturers. The topics to be covered include detection and effect of exposure of biological agents and new innovative molecular detection technologies. In general, the main topics discussed involved the following: risks and consequences of chemical and biological agents to human health in general with special emphasis on all the bio- chemical and metabolic pathways including the productive systems. The exposome, genetic risk, and environment, the various health hazard agents, risk assessment, ix x Preface environmental assessment and preparedness, and analysis of sublethal effects at the molecular level were examined. The participants were introduced to the state-of-the-art biological agent detec- tion systems using soft-ionization mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, and biological sensors and their efficacy in measuring very low concentrations (pico- to femtomoles). Primary considerations in quantitative analysis with a focus on MS and MS/MS and the role of MS and ion mobility on metabolomics were also presented. A discussion on several types of food bacteria, such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, which are among the most common food- borne pathogens that could be used as a terror agent, took place. Their detection and disease treatment were also defined. In addition, the participants were also introduced to the different modes of tan- dem mass spectrometry such as DDA and DIA scans. Furthermore, a general description of the category A bacterial bioagents Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) Yersinia pestis (plague) Francisella tularensis (tularemia), which are responsible for the transmission, dissemination and causing high mortal- ity rates and create panic in the public will be presented. Medical treatment was conferred for symptoms. Considering that these biological agents may be engi- neered to have multi-antibiotic resistance, prevention using synthetic neoglyconju- gate vaccines was also examined. Finally, the participants were initiated to the novel field of imaging mass spec- trometry, which allows for the mapping of disease biomarkers and metabolic changes in tissue and single cells. All the participants who attended this NATO-ASI were graduate students, post- doctoral fellows and faculty, and military scientists. The participants presented short oral presentations and posters. In addition, all participants were given the opportu- nity to have their contribution ready for publishing in NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology (Springer) as short note. St Johns, NL, Canada Joseph H. Banoub Cosenza, Calabria, Italy Maria Luisa Di Gioa
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