Towards better humanitarian donorship [electronic resource] : 12 lessons from DAC peer reviews PDF
Preview Towards better humanitarian donorship [electronic resource] : 12 lessons from DAC peer reviews
OECD Towards Better Humanitarian Donorship 12 Lessonsfrom DACPeerReviews humanitarian action saving lives, alleviating human suffering and maintaining human dignity... Towards Better Humanitarian Donorship 12 Lessonsfrom DACPeerReviews ®)) OECD OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment TheOECDisauniqueforumwheregovernmentsworktogethertoaddresstheeconomic,sociaiand environmentaichallengesofglobalisation.TheOECDisalsoattheforefrontofeffortstounderstand andtohelpgovernmentsrespondtonewdevelopmentsandconcerns,suchascorporategovernance, theinformationeconomyandthechallengesofanageingpopulation.TheOrganisationprovidesa settingwheregovernmentscancomparepolicyexperiences,seekanswerstocommonproblems, identifygoodpracticeandworktoco-ordinatedomesticandinternationalpolicies. TheOECDmembercountriesare:Australia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,Chile,theCzechRepublic, Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Israel,Italy,Japan, Korea,Luxembourg,Mexico,theNetherlands,NewZealand,Norway,Poland,Portugal,theSlovak Republic,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.The EuropeanUniontakespartintheworkoftheOECD. ThisworkispublishedontheresponsibilityoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheOECD.Theopinionsexpressed andargumentsemployedhereindonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficialviewsoftheOrganisationorofthe governmentsofitsmembercountries. Thisdocumentandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyover anyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory, cityorarea. ©OECD2012 Youcancopy,downloadorprintOECDcontentforyourownuse,andyoucanincludeexcerptsfromOECD publications,databasesandmultimediaproductsinyourowndocuments,presentations,blogs,websites andteachingmaterials,providedthatsuitableacknowledgmentofOECDassourceandcopyrightowner isgiven.Allrequestsforcommercialuseandtranslationrightsshouldbesubmittedtorights@oecd.org. 399521 TABLEOFCONTENTS Preface 5 Introduction 7 Thestrategicframework 9 Lesson1:Provideclearstrategicvision 9 Lesson2:Promoterecoveryandresilience 1 Lesson3:Reducedisasterrisks 1 Lesson4:Prioritiseparticipation 17 Deliveringeffectivefunding 1 Lesson5:Matchyourvisionwithyourmoney 1 Lesson6:Decidehowtodecide 21 Lesson7:Buildstrongpartnerships 25 Lesson8:Developrapidresponsemechanisms 29 Organisationfitforapurpose 33 Lesson9:Co-ordinateacrossgovernment 33 Lesson10:Worktoclarifytheroleoffhemilifary 37 Lesson11:Investinyourstaff 41 Learningandaccountability 43 Lesson12:Demonstratevalueformoneyandpromotelearning 43 Notes 47 References 49 Annex:PrinciplesandGoodPracticeofHumanitarianDonorship 50 Boxes Box1.OverviewofDenmark'shumanitarianstrategy2010-15 10 Box2.Switzerland’scash-basedrecoveryprogrammes 1 Box3.Germany'sapproachtodisasterriskreduction 1 Box4.TheUnitedKingdom’spolicyonhumanitarianaidvolumes 20 Box5.TheEuropeanCommunityHumanitarianOffice's GlobalNeedsAssessmentandForgottenCrisesAssessmenttools 23 Box6.Luxembourg’sapproachtopartnership 27 Box7.Sweden'srapidresponsemechanism 31 Box8.Effectivecross-governmentco-ordinationinCanada 35 Box9.Australia'sapproachtocivil-militaryrelations 39 Box10.TheUnitedStates’strongstaffbase 42 Box11.France'shumanitarianevaluationframework 45 ThePrinciplesandPractices ofGoodHumanitarian Donorship... definetheobjectives ofhumanitarianactionas:to savelives, alleviatesufferingand maintainhumandignityduring andin theaftermathofcrises, as wellastopreventand strengthenpreparedness. . PREFACE PeerreviewsofOECDDevelopmentAssistanceCommittee(DAC)membersarebased onthedualprinciplesofpeerpressureandpeerlearning.Thereviewsaretheonly internationalprocesstoregularlyexaminekeybilateraldevelopmentco-operation systemsandofferconstructivecommentaryfortheirreform.Indoingso,peerreviewsconstitute ayardstickagainstwhichtheDACcanmeasuretheinfluence-orlackofit-ofitsgoodpractice princ2i.plesondonorbehaviour,bothinthefieldandatheadquarters. Th3e.ultimateaimsofDACpeerreviewsareto: 1 helpimprovethequalityandquantityofaid providecredibleanalysesbasedoncommonprinciplesthatcanbe usedbybothDECDcountriesandthewiderinternationalcommunity enabledonorstoshareexperiences,identifygoodpracticesandimprove co-ordination. Aspartofeachreview,theDACaimstoholddonorsaccountabletothePrinciplesandPractices ofGoodHumanitarianDonorship(GHD),initiallyendorsedbyagroupofdonorsinStockholmin June2003(seeAnnex),TheseGHDprinciplesseektoenhancethecoherenceandeffectiveness ofdonoraction,aswellasimproveaccountability,co-ordination,learningandevaluation.The principlesdefinetheobjectivesofhumanitarianactionas:tosavelives,alleviatesufferingand maintainhumandignityduringandintheaftermathofcrises,aswellastopreventandstrengthen preparednessfortheoccurrenceofsuchsituations(GHDprinciple1,seeAnnex). Notwodonorsarealike-legalenvironmentsandbusinessmodelsdiffer,politicalcontexts andinterpretationsofnationalinterestchangeovertime,budgetvolumesgoupanddown,and operationalchallengescontinue,Accordingly,donorsareimplementingtheGHDprinciplesin differentways,dealingwithvariousrealitiesandbuildingonindividualcomparativeadvantage,to deliverprincipledandeffectivehumanitarianfundingasbesttheycan, Thispublicationoutlinesthe12mostimportanthumanitarianlessonsfromtheDACpeerreviews, profilesexamplesofgooddonorbehaviourhighlightedinthepeerreviews,andsketchesoutthe challengesdonorsstillfaceastheymovetowardsbetterhumanitariandonorship.Lessonsare groupedunderthefollowingheadings:thestrategicframework;deliveringeffectivefunding;an organisationfitforpurpose;andlearningandaccountability. TOWARDSBETTERHUMANITARIANDONORSHIP;12LESSONSFROMDACPEERREVIEWS 5 ThispublicationwaspreparedbytheOECD’sHumanitarianAidAdvisor,RachelScott,drawing ontheworkofherpredecessors,HenrikHammargrenandSteveDarvill.Valuablecomments andfeedbackwereprovidedbyMichaelWardandMeganKennedy-Chouane.Australia,Canada, Japan,NorwayandPolandprovidedmuch-neededoversightasmembersoftheeditorialboard. The12lessonsseries,coveringarangeofissuesandtargetedatdevelopmentpolicy professionals,hasbeendevelopedunderthedirectionandguidanceofKarenJorgensen,Head oftheReview,EngagementandEvaluationDivisionoftheCECD'sDevelopmentCo-operation Directorate. INTRODUCTION ByJ.BrianAtwood,ChairoftheDevelopmentAssistanceCommittee,OECD Humanitarianaction-savingiives,aiieviatingsufferingandmaintaininghumandignityduring andintheaftermathofcrises-remainsaclearpriorityforDACdonors,OverUSD11,2biliion ofpublicfundsweredisbursedashumanitarianaidin2009^bythe24membersoftheOECD DevelopmentAssistanceCommittee(DAC),representingneariy9%ofthetotaialiocationfor officiaideveiopmentassistance(ODA).Volumesareimportant,ofcourse,butitisthequalityand effectivenessofdevelopmentassistancethattheDACpeerreviewsseektoassessandimprove. Indemandingcontexts,humanitariandonorsmustrespondtoawiderangeofchallenges inordertomeettheneedsofthosesufferingfromcrisisanditsaftermath.Inrespondingto thesehumanitarianchallenges,DACmembersarenowcommittedto:((throughdevelopment assistance,preventingcrises,oratleastminimisingtheirrisktopeopleanddevelopment;ii) throughhumanitarianassistance,torespondtocrises;andHi)usingamixofhumanitarian anddevelopmentassistance,toachieveabettertransitionfromahumanitariansituationto longer-termdevelopment.Thischallengebecomesgreaterwhenpartnersarecallingformore timelyandpredictablefunding,andpushingforstrongerrelationshipsaccompaniedbyhigher levelsofcorefunding.Taxpayersandpoliticianswantanincreasedfocusonvalueformoney inaclimatewherestaffingcutbacksarelimitingmonitoringcapacity.Thereisclearlyaneedto adoptnewandmorestrategicapproachestofunding-allowinghumanitarianstobetteraddress rapidonsetemergencies,whilerespondingmoreappropriatelytothestructuralchallengesthat prolongvulnerabilityinprotractedcrises.Inaddition,thereisalsothechallengeofdesigningsolid humanitarianprogrammesthat,attheveryleast,donotunderminelonger-termrecovery-and thisremainsproblematic. Donorsarealsofacingincreasinginternalandexternalpressuretostretchtheirhumanitarian budgetsbeyondthetraditionalhumanitarianimperative.Humanitarianteamsarenowbeing pressedintocoveringthefullrangeofdisasterriskreductionactivities,andtotacklelonger-term taskssuchaspost-disasterreconstruction,statebuildinganddeliveringpeacedividendsinfragile statecontexts-clearlyareasthatarebeyondthescopeofmerelysavinglives.Donorsmustalso learnhowtoworkbetteracrossgovernment,especiallywiththeirmilitarycounterparts-amajor challengeinthenewsecurityenvironment.Thishasledtoaneedformoretransparentfunding TOWARDSBETTERHUMANITARIANDONORSHIP;12LESSONSFROMDACPEERREVIEWS allocationpoliciesandprocessesasproofthatdonorsareremainingtruetotheirhumanitarian principiesofneutrality,impartiaiity,humanityandindependence. Humanitariandonorshavehadtolearnandevolveastheyfaceeachofthesechallenges.The DACpeerreviewshavenotedmanyareasofimprovementandinnovationasdonors-eachwith theirownindividualrealityandcomparativeadvantage-seektoimplementtheprinciplesfor GoodHumanitarianDonorshipasbesttheycan.Intheprocess,abroadsetof12lessons,anda correspondingsetofgoodpractices,havecometolight,andtheseareoutlinedinthispublication. Donorsarealsolearningthattherearesomeareas-supportingco-ordination,promoting protectionandstandardisedreporting,forexample-whereindividualeffortsarenotenough,and theymustworktogethertoachieveresults.TheGHDgroup’sworktowardsovercomingthese challengeswillremainimportant,alongsidetheDAC'scontinuedsupportforeffortstopromote betterhumanitariandonorship. J.BrianAtwood ChairoftheDevelopmentAssistanceCommittee,OECD A cross-governmentpolicy and!orstrategyforhumanitarian assistance... shouldbebasedonafocused andrealisticvision thatwillallowatargeted approachtofundingandsupportingits humanitarianprogramme.
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