Tourism, power and culture : anthropological insights

231 Pages·2010·1.29 MB·English

by  Donald V L Macleod

Tourism, Power and Culture
TOURISM AND CULTURAL CHANGE
Series Editors: Professor Mike Robinson, Centre for Tourism and Cultural Change,
Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, UK andDr Alison Phipps, University of Glasgow,
Scotland, UK
Understanding tourism’s relationships with culture(s) and vice versa, is of ever-increasing
signifi cance in a globalising world. This series will critically examine the dynamic inter-
relationships between tourism and culture(s). Theoretical explorations, research-informed
analyses, and detailed historical reviews from a variety of disciplinary perspectives are
invited to consider such relationships.
Full details of all the books in this series and of all our other publications can be
found on http://www.channelviewpublications.com, or by writing to Channel View
Publications, St Nicholas House, 31-34 High Street, Bristol BS1 2AW, UK.
TOURISM AND CULTURAL CHANGE
Series Editors: Professor Mike Robinson, Centre for Tourism and
Cultural Change, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, UK and
Dr Alison Phipps, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
Tourism, Power and Culture
Anthropological Insights
Edited by
Donald V.L. Macleod and James G. Carrier

CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONS
Bristol • Buffalo • Toronto
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Tourism, Power and Culture: Anthropological Insights/Edited by Donald V.L. Macleod
and James G. Carrier.
Tourism and Cultural Change
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Tourism. 2. Tourism--Anthropological aspects 3. Tourism--Social aspects.
I. Macleod, Donald V. L. II. Carrier, James G.
G155.A1T592433 2010
306.4’819–dc22 2009048872
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-84541-125-1 (hbk)
ISBN-13: 978-1-84541-124-4 (pbk)
Channel View Publications
UK: St Nicholas House, 31-34 High Street, Bristol BS1 2AW, UK.
USA: UTP, 2250 Military Ro ad, Tonawanda, NY 14150, USA.
Canada: UTP, 5201 Dufferin Street, North York, Ontario M3H 5T8, Canada.
Copyright © 2010 Donald V.L. Macleod, James G. Carrier and the authors of individual
chapters.
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without permission in writing from the publisher.
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Contents
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Prologue
1 Tourism, Power and Culture: Insights from Anthropology
Donald V.L. Macleod and James G. Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Part 1: Tourism and the Power Struggle for Resources
Donald V.L. Macleod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
2 Water Sports: ATug of War over the River
Veronica Strang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
3 Heritage and Tourism: Contested Discourses in Djenne´,
a World Heritage Site in Mali
Charlotte Joy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
4 Power, Culture and the Production of Heritage
Donald V.L. Macleod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
5 Cultural Perspectives on Tourism and Terrorism
Michael Hitchcock and I Nyoman Darma Putra. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
Part 2: Tourism and Culture: Presentation, Promotion and the Manip-
ulation of Image
James G. Carrier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
6 Tourists and Indigenous Culture as Resources: Lessons
from Embera Cultural Tourism in Panama
Dimitrios Theodossopoulos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
7 On ‘Black Culture’ and ‘Black Bodies’: State Discourses,
Tourism and Public Policies in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil
Elena Calvo-Gonza´lez and Luciana Duccini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
8 Tourism and the Making of Ethnic Citizenship in Belize
J. Teresa Holmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
v
vi Tourism,PowerandCulture
9 Tourism and its Others: Tourists, Traders and
Fishers in Jamaica
Gunilla Sommer and James G. Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
Epilogue
10 Power in Tourism: Tourism in Power
C. Michael Hall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
Contributors
Elena Calvo-Gonza´lez received her PhD in Anthropology from The
UniversityofManchester,UK.Since then,shehasbeen researching,asa
Postdoctoral Fellow at the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, issues of
embodiment and race with regard to public health policies and medical
technologies.
James G. Carrier began studying tourism, environmental conservation
and economy in Jamaica and the Caribbean in the mid-1990s. He has
supervised or co-supervised projects dealing with these topics in
Montego Bay, Negril and Port Antonio, all in Jamaica. He is currently
Senior Research Associate at Oxford Brookes University, and Adjunct
Professor of Anthropology at the University of Indiana.
LucianaDuccinireceivedherPhDinSocialAnthropologyattheFederal
University of Bahia, Brazil. She is currently a lecturer at Universidade
FederaldoValedoSa˜oFrancisco.HerresearchinterestsincludeAfrican-
Brazilian religion and its relationships with identity processes, social
class and tourism.
C. Michael Hall was a Professor at the University of Canterbury, New
Zealand,atthetimeof writing.HeisalsoaDocentintheDepartmentof
Geography, University of Oulu, Finland and a Visiting Professor, Baltic
Business School, University of Kalmar, Sweden. Co-editor of Current
Issues in Tourism, he has published widely in the fields of tourism,
regional studies, gastronomy, environmental history and environmental
change.
Michael HitchcockisDeputyDean(ResearchandExternalRelations) at
the University of Chichester and formerly Director of the International
InstituteforCulture,TourismandDevelopmentatLondonMetropolitan
University. While teaching at Hull University in the Department of
SociologyandAnthropologyandtheCentreforSouth-EastAsianStudies,
he was the co-editorof Tourism in South-East Asia (Routledge, 1993).
vii
viii Tourism,PowerandCulture
Teresa Holmes is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at York
University in Toronto (Ontario), Canada. Her teaching and research
interests include tourism studies, colonial and postcolonial culture,
historical anthropology, and critical kinship studies. Her chapter in this
volume is part of an ongoing project on issues of ethnic citizenship and
tourism in Belize.
Charlotte Joy is an ESRC-funded Postdoctoral Fellow at the Institute of
Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge. During her
doctoralresearch,shecarriedout10monthsoffieldworkinDjenne´,Mali
and spent two months at UNESCO’s Intangible Heritage Department in
Paris. She is specialising in developing a comparative ethnographic
approach to the study of cultural heritage politics and its relationship to
development issues.
Donald V.L. Macleod trained in anthropology at Oxford University and
is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Glasgow where he has run two
researchcentres.HehasresearchedintheCaribbean,theCanaryIslands
andScotland,andpublishedwidelyontourismimpacts,culturalchange,
globalisation, identity, sustainable tourism development and heritage.
HisbooksincludeTourism,GlobalisationandCulturalChange(2004),Niche
Tourism in Question (2003, editor), Tourists and Tourism (1997, co-editor).
I Nyoman Darma Putra is currently a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at
the School of Languages and Comparative Cultural Studies, University
ofQueensland.HeisalecturerattheIndonesianDepartment,Facultyof
Letters, University of Udayana, Bali. With Michael Hitchcock, he
published Tourism, Development and Terrorism in Bali (Ashgate, 2007).

GunillaSommerstudiedanthropologyattheUniversityofCopenhagen
and did field work for her master thesis in a Bolivian rain forest
community working with ecotourism. After completing her studies, she
didfieldworkontourisminJamaicaasaresearchassistantandlatershe
worked in the tourism business in Bolivia and Egypt.
Veronica Strang is an environmental anthropologist at the University of
Auckland.Shehaswrittenextensivelyonwater,landandresourceissues
inAustraliaandtheUK,andistheauthorofTheMeaningofWater(Berg,
2004);andGardeningtheWorld:Agency,Identity,andtheOwnershipofWater
(Berghahn, 2009).
Contributors ix
Dimitrios Theodossopoulos teaches anthropology at the University of
Bristol.Hisearlierworkexaminedpeople-wildlifeconflictsandindigen-
ous perceptions of the environment. He is currently working on ethnic
stereotypes, indigeneity, authenticity and the politics of cultural repre-
sentation in Panama andSouth-East Europe.He isthe authorofTroubles
with Turtles: Cultural Understandings of the Environment on a Greek Island
(Berghahn, 2003), and editor of When Greeks Think about Turks: The View
from Anthropology (Routledge, 2006) and United in Discontent: Local
Responses to Cosmopolitanism and Globalization (Berghahn, 2009).