Table Of Content

CABI REGIONAL TOURISM SERIES CABI REGIONAL TOURISM SERIES Tourism T o Tourism u r i s Planning & Development m Planning & Development P l a in Western Europe n n i n in Western Europe g Edited by Konstantinos Andriotis, & D Carla Pinto Cardoso, and Dimitrios Stylidis e v e l o For many decades, Western European countries have undertaken diverse pathways p in tourism development and planning. Most have experienced fast or even unlimited m growth, resulting in overtourism and, now, the introduction of policies that respect the e limits of communities and the sustainability of their resources. n t Focusing exclusively on tourism development, planning and policy, this book draws i together new voices to discuss issues across Belgium, Denmark, Faroe Islands, n Finland, France, Germany, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Norway, Portugal, W Spain, Sweden and the UK. It: e Edited by Konstantinos Andriotis, Carla Pinto Cardoso, and Dimitrios Stylidis s • Provides both successful and unsuccessful case studies to illuminate real, t practical solutions, developed by tourism scholars who are experts in their e researched context countries. r n • Adopts a range of methodological approaches to cover diverse and less-covered E areas such as industrial tourism, saltpans, natural and cultural heritage, and u micro-destinations. ro p • Considers post-COVID tourism and the significant role of tourism stakeholders in e Western Europe’s re-development. An invaluable collection for policy-makers, researchers and academics, this book is also an insightful source of engaging contemporary case studies for use in the classroom. StyCarAnd liddorio issotis Space for bar code with ISBN included CABI Regional Tourism Series by Konstantinos Andriotis Middlesex University, London and Dimitrios Stylidis Middlesex University, London Tourism literature includes a plethora of books and conference and journal papers that address various issues of tourism in different regions and subregions of the world. However, up to now there has been a lack of a collection of contribution-based books with a regional and subregional focus. In order to complement the existing tourism literature with new or emerging topics of particular interest, it is the aim of the CABI Regional Tourism Series to offer a collection of books with comparative and individual case studies from at least eight regions and subregions of the world. These books will come under the following titles, each of which focuses on some of the countries or country clusters: Tourism in Western Europe; Tourism in Eastern Europe; Tourism in East and Southeast Asia; Tourism in the Middle East; Tourism in Sub-Saharan Africa; Tourism in the Caribbean; Tourism in Latin America; Tourism in Pacific Oceania. Titles Available: Tourism Planning and Development in Latin America Carlos Monterrubio, Konstantinos Andriotis and Dimitrios Stylidis Tourism Planning and Development in South Asia Dimitrios Stylidis and Boopen Seetanah Tourism Marketing in Western Europe Nikolaos Boukas and Dimitrios Stylidis Tourism Planning and Development in Western Europe Konstantinos Andriotis, Carla Pinto Cardoso and Dimitrios Stylidis Titles Forthcoming: Tourism Planning and Development in the Middle East Stella Kladou, Anna Farmaki, Konstantinos Andriotis and Dimitrios Stylidis Tourism Planning and Development in Eastern Europe Hania Janta, Konstantinos Andriotis and Dimitrios Stylidis Suggested Topics: • Tourism Development and Planning • Tourism Economics and Finance • Tourism Marketing, Management and Information Technology To discuss a proposal for a book in this series, please contact Konstantinos Andriotis at k.andriotis@ mdx.ac.uk or Dimitrios Stylidis at [email protected]. The Series Editors Konstantinos Andriotis is a Professor in Tourism at Middlesex University, London, and in the past he was Associate Professor and Head of the Hotel and Tourism Management Department at the Cyprus University of Technology. He holds an MSc in International Hospitality Management (University of Strathclyde, 1995) and a PhD in Tourism Development and Planning (Bournemouth University, 2000) and was a postdoctoral researcher in Tourism Marketing (Hellenic Open University, 2006). He edits the International Journal of Tourism Policy, the Journal of Qualitative Research in Tourism and the CABI Regional Tourism Series. He is a member of the editorial board of more than 20 journals. He is author of seven books and over 50 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters. His work has appeared in leading academic journals, including Annals of Tourism Research, Journal of Travel Research, Tourism Management and Journal of Sustainable Tourism. He has an h-index of 34 and more than 4700 citations. He was listed in the Stanford University list of the top 2 per cent of scientists in the World. He has acted as chairman and member of the organizing and scientific committees of various international conferences and has given keynote speeches at several conferences. His research interests include tourism development and planning, alternative forms of tourism, tourism experience and degrowth. Dimitrios Stylidis is Associate Professor in Tourism Marketing at the University of Crete, Greece. Prior to this, he was a senior lecturer in Tourism and Research Cluster leader (place image, identity and heritage) at Middlesex University, and a postdoctoral researcher and visiting lecturer at the Ben- Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. He holds a PhD and an MSc in Tourism Management from the University of Surrey, UK. He is the research notes editor of the International Journal of Tourism Policy. His work has appeared in leading academic journals including the Annals of Tourism Research, Journal of Travel Research and Tourism Management. His current research interests include place image, tourism impacts and residents’ attitudes toward tourism development. Tourism Planning and Development in Western Europe Edited by Konstantinos Andriotis Middlesex University, London, UK Carla Pinto Cardoso Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal Dimitrios Stylidis University of Crete, Greece CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI CABI Nosworthy Way WeWork Wallingford One Lincoln St Oxfordshire OX10 8DE 24th Floor UK Boston, MA 02111 USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 E-mail: [email protected] T: +1 (617)682-9015 Website: www.cabi.org E-mail: [email protected] © CAB International 2022. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Andriotis, Konstantinos, editor. | Cardoso, Carla, editor. | Stylidis, Dimitrios, editor. Title: Tourism planning and development in Western Europe / Edited by: Konstantinos Andriotis, Middlesex University London, UK, Carla Cardoso, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal, Dimitrios Stylidis, University of Crete, Greece. Description: Boston : CAB International, [2022] | Series: Cabi regional tourism series | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Focusing exclusively on tourism development, planning and policy, this book draws together new voices to provide case studies illuminating issues across western Europe. It adopts a range of methodological approaches to cover areas such as industrial tourism, natural and cultural heritage, and micro-destinations, and considers post-COVID tourism”-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2021048932 (print) | LCCN 2021048933 (ebook) | ISBN 9781800620797 (hardback) | ISBN 9781800620803 (ebook) | ISBN 9781800620810 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Tourism--Europe, Western--Management. | Tourism--Europe, Western--Planning. Classification: LCC G155.E85 T686 2022 (print) | LCC G155.E85 (ebook) | DDC 338.4/7914--dc23/eng/20211216 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021048932 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021048933 References to Internet websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. ISBN-13: 9781800620797 (hardback) 9781800620803 (ePDF) 9781800620810 (ePub) DOI: 10.1079/9781800620797.0000 Commissioning Editor: Claire Parfitt Editorial Assistant: Lauren Davies Production Editor: Tim Kapp Typeset by Exeter Premedia Services Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in the UK by Severn, Gloucester Contents Contributors vii Introduction 1 Konstantinos Andriotis and Carla Pinto Cardoso 1 Informed Developments for a Sustainable Community: An English Case Study in Renewal and Rejuvenation 8 Peter Wiltshier 2 Foreign Tourists Reaching Italy: Transport Mode Choice and Seasonality 20 Anna Serena Vergori 3 Malta’s Tourism Development: Themes, Impacts, Challenges, Patterns and Contrasts: Pointers for a Framework for Short/Long-term Tourism Development 32 Marie-Louise Mangion 4 Industrial Tourism in Seville, Spain 51 Ana M. Domínguez-Quintero and Sonia Ancio Alcón 5 Salt pans: An Indissociable Natural and Cultural Heritage – A Comparative Study Between Aveiro, Portugal and Guérande, France 65 Margarida Ferreira da Silva, Helena Albuquerque, Filomena Martins and Gildas Buron 6 Strategic Considerations for Sustainable Tourism Development of the Micro-destination East Belgium 80 Laura Rauschen, Anastasia Traskevich and Martin Fontanari 7 Perceived Impacts of Urban Tourism on Host Communities: Comparing Milan and Porto 95 Valeria Fusè and Elisabeth Kastenholz 8 Sociocultural Dimensions of Destination Resilience and Implications for Innovative Product Design in Experimental Destinations in Germany, Italy and Ireland 111 Valeria Diaferia, Anastasia Traskevich and Martin Fontanari v vi Contents 9 Planning for a More Sustainable Tourism? A Pan-Nordic Analysis of Regional Tourism Strategies for Rural Areas 127 Rikke Brandt Broegaard, Ágúst Bogason and Anna Karlsdóttir Conclusion 142 Dimitrios Stylidis Index 147 Contributors Helena Albuquerque is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Tourism, Heritage and Culture, and member of REMIT research unit (Research on Economics, Management, and Information Technologies) of Portucalense University, Portugal, being responsible for the line Tourism, Hospitality and Heritage. She also collaborates with GOVCOPP (Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies) of Aveiro University, Portugal. She has participated in several research projects in the areas of sustainable tourism and environmental conservation. Her main research interests are Sustainable Tourism, Geographic Information Systems applied to Tourism and Nature Tourism. E-mail: [email protected] Sonia Ancio Alcón is a degree student in Tourism at the University of Seville, Spain. She has worked as an internal student of the Department of Applied Economics at the University of Seville, showing interest in issues related to tourism, especially the development of industrial tourism and the Andalusian economy. E-mail: [email protected] Konstantinos Andriotis is a Professor in Tourism at Middlesex University, London. He holds a PhD in Tourism Development and Planning (Bournemouth University, 2000) and was a postdoctoral researcher in Tourism Marketing (Hellenic Open University, 2006). He edits the ‘International Journal of Tourism Policy’, the ‘Journal of Qualitative Research in Tourism’ and the CABI Regional Tourism Series. He has an h-index of 34 and more than 4700 citations. He was listed in the Stanford University list of top 2 per cent of scientists in the world. His research interests include tourism development and planning, alternative forms of tourism, tourism experience and degrowth. E-mail: [email protected] Ágúst Bogason is an environmental social scientist with an academic background in political science and social anthropology. He works with policy and governance, sustainable rural development, the labour market, local participation in policy processes and tourism studies, mainly in the rural Nordic countries and Arctic regions. His research often focuses on the intersection between research, policy, practice and implementation. Ágúst works as a research fellow at Nordregio, a research centre on regional development, policy and planning established by the Nordic Council of Ministers. E-mail: [email protected] Rikke Brandt Broegaard is a human geographer with a PhD in international development studies. She works in the fields of community development, rural areas, natural resource management vii viii Contributors and inequality, in Denmark, Scandinavia and in the Global South. In a Nordic context, her research focuses on rural development and peripheralization processes, including place-making and translocal connections, with special attention to the role of micro-entrepreneurs, including in the tourism sector. She works at the Centre for Regional and Tourism Research, Bornholm, and at the Institute for Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, Copenhagen University. E-mail: [email protected] Gildas Buron is Head of the Museum and Heritage Department of CAP Atlantique and Curator of the Salt Marshes Museum (Batz-sur-Mer, France). A graduate in history (Poitiers), he has been conducting research on traditional salt works, production and trade in Brittany for 35 years. His main interests are economic and social history and the history of landscapes. He has published two illustrated books and several dozen articles. He has taken part in several national and international projects on the history of salt and salt marshes, where he shares his field observations and his experience as a heritage and tourism player. E-mail: [email protected] Carla Pinto Cardoso holds a PhD in Economics of Tourism at Bournemouth University (UK) and is the coordinator of the Tourism and Heritage Department in the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences at Universidade Católica Portuguesa (Portugal), where she also teaches in the tourism and economic fields. She is member of the R&D Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies and her research and publication interests include tourism impacts, planning and strategic management. While working as senior lecturer and department coordinator she supervised a number of undergraduate projects, masters dissertations and theses. She has published in a number of journals and participated in and organized several conferences. In 2019, she was chair of the International Conference on Tourism – ICOT 2019. She works as a senior tourism consultant, involved in national and international tourism projects. E-mail: [email protected] Margarida Ferreira da Silva is a Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) research fellow, with a PhD thesis devoted to tourism and coastal and maritime cultural heritage. She is also a team member of H2020 PERICLES – Preserving and Sustainably Governing Cultural Heritage and Landscapes in European Coastal and Maritime Regions project and a member of GOVCOPP (Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies) and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies) (University of Aveiro). Over recent years she has been involved in several national and international projects related to sustainable tourism and coastal and maritime cultural heritage. E-mail: [email protected] Valeria Diaferia holds a graduate degree in Foreign Languages and Literatures at University Aldo Moro in Bari and continues her studies with a master’s in International Tourism and Event management at Hochschule Fresenius University of Applied Sciences in Cologne, Germany. Thanks to some international experience and in particular an internship in Dublin, she has been increas- ingly fascinated by the wide world of tourism, in particular destination resilience and its sociocultural dimension, together with its implications for innovative product design in experimental destinations in Germany, Italy and Ireland. E-mail: [email protected] Ana M. Domínguez-Quintero has a PhD in Economics and is an Associate Professor of Applied Economics at the University of Seville, Spain. Ana’s research interests focus mainly on cultural tourism. Her dissertation, ‘The development of a structural model to measure satisfaction in cultural tourism’ obtained a European Mention accreditation at the University of Seville. She has published papers on topics related to authenticity, quality of experience, emotions and satisfaction. She has been a guest professor at York St John University (UK). Her academic activities at the University of Seville are related to teaching quantitative and qualitative methods. E-mail: [email protected] Martin Fontanari is a professor in Tourism and Event Management at the ISM – International School of Management – in Cologne. He holds a PhD in Business Administration (University Contributors ix of Trier, 1994), after Master studies in Innsbruck (1989) and research studies at the ISBM at PennState University and Wharton Business School (1990). Since joining the tourism consul- tancy business more than 20 years ago, he has managed 150 projects worldwide in the field of destination marketing and destination development and contributed more than 70 publications. Currently his focus is on developing resilient destinations, overcoming overtourism and post- covid-19 strategy approaches. E-mail: [email protected] Valeria Fusè is an assistant producer at FreedaMedia, a digital and social media start-up based in Milan. Fusè graduated in ‘Science of Tourism and Local Community from the University of Milan- Bicocca (ITA), and holds a master’s in Planning and Management of Tourism Systems from the University of Bergamo (ITA). Fusè’s master’s thesis, ‘Host–guest relationships in urban tourism: a comparative analysis between Milan and Porto’ was partly conducted in Portugal during a research stay at the University of Aveiro (PRT), financed by a scholarship. Fusè participated in the Milan-Bicocca Summer School at the BRIC at University of Chongqing (CHN), the ‘Erasmus+’ programme at Tampere University of Applied Sciences (FIN) and the ‘Real Cities | Responsive Environment’ research project in collaboration with the Harvard Graduate School of Design (MA-USA), financed by a GITT scholarship. E-mail: [email protected] Anna Karlsdóttir is a human geographer and holds a PhD in Social Sciences from Roskilde University, Denmark. She is currently a senior research fellow at Nordregio and has held an associated professorship in Human Geography and Tourism Studies at the University of Iceland since 2002 (with leave of absence until 2023). Her research focuses on transformation of the labour market, occupational shifts and transformations in the Nordic and Arctic region, employ- ment diversification, tourism and related creative industries and occupations linked to regional development. Her focus has also been gender, youth, labour migration and cruise tourism, as well as monitoring tourism in the High North. E-mail: [email protected] Elisabeth Kastenholz is an Associate Professor at the University of Aveiro, Portugal, where she teaches tourism- and marketing-related subjects. She coordinates the university’s research unit GOVCOPP and serves as director at the international Doctoral Program in Marketing and Strategy. She holds a PhD in Tourism Studies, an MBA, a graduate course in Tourism Management and Planning and a bachelor’s degree in Public Administration/Foreign Affairs. She has researched and published extensively and supervised numerous masters and PhD theses in tourist consumer behaviour and destination marketing, with particular interest in sustainable tourism development, the tourist experience, accessible tourism, rural, nature-based and wine tourism. E-mail: [email protected] Marie-Louise Mangion is a senior lecturer in the Department of Public Policy at the Faculty of Economics, Management and Accountancy at the University of Malta. She holds a PhD from the University of Nottingham. For over 20 years she worked in the public sector, including for the Malta Tourism Authority. She directed tourism research, sourced and managed European funding for the sector, worked on European affairs and formulated tourism and environment policies. On behalf of UNEP, she delivered training on carrying capacity assessment of tourism in various countries. Her research interests include policy design, evidence-based policymaking, tourism policy, tourism economics, development and competitiveness. E-mail: marie-louise.mangion@ um.edu.mt Filomena Martins is an Associate Professor at the University of Aveiro, in the Department of Environment and Planning. She is vice-director of the Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Master (second cycle, Bologna), director of the Doctoral Program in Environmental Sciences and Engineering and coordinator of the Sea Branch of the UACoopera. She participated in several European and national research projects in the fields of coastal management and planning, sustainable development, conservation of natural and cultural heritage, risk perception and resilience (combining natural, environmental, spatial and social dimensions).