Tourism Management (Advances in Tourism Research)

475 Pages·2000·37.33 MB·English

by  C. Ryan

TOURISM MANAGEMENT
Towards the New Millennium
ADVANCES IN TOURISM RESEARCH SERIES
Series Editor: Professor Stephen Page
Centre for Tourism Research, Massey University, New Zealand
Advances in Tourism Research is a new series of monographs and edited volumes
which comprise state of the art research findings, written and edited by leading
researchers working in the wider field of tourism studies. Each book has been
designed to provide a cutting edge focus for researchers interested in tourism,
particularly the management issues now facing decision-makers, policy analysts and
the public sector. The audience is much wider than just academics and each book
seeks to make a significant contribution to the literature in the field of study by not
only reviewing the state of knowledge relating to each topic but by questioning some
of the prevailing assumptions and research paradigms which currently exist in
tourism research. The series also aims to provide a platform for further studies in
each area by highlighting key research agendas which will stimulate further debate
and interest in the expanding area of tourism research. The series is always willing to
consider new ideas for innovative and scholarly books and inquiries can be made to
the Series Editor.
Forthcoming titles include:
ASHWORTH & TUNBRIDGE
The Tourist-Historic City: Prospect and Retrospect of Managing the Heritage City
BAUM & LUNDTORP
Seasonality in Tourism: An Exploration of Issues
SONG & WITT
Tourism Demand Modelling and Forecasting: Modern Econometric Approaches
TEO, CHANG & HO
Interconnected Worlds: Tourism in Southeast Asia
Related Elsevier journals - sample copies available on request
Annals of Tourism Research
Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly
International Journal of Hospitality Management
International Journal of Inter cultural Relations
Tourism Management
World Development
TOURISM MANAGEMENT
Towards the New Millennium
Edited by
Chris Ryan
and
Stephen Page
2000
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First edition 2000
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Tourism management: towards the new millennium/edited by Chris Ryan and Stephen Page.
p.cm.—(Advances in tourism research series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-08-043589-0
1. Tourism. I. Ryan, Chris, 1945- II. Page, Stephen, 1963- III. Series.
G155.A1T592372000
338.4'791—dc21 99-047662
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record from the British Library has been applied for.
ISBN 0-08-043589-0
© The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of
Paper).
Printed in the Netherlands.
Contents
Preface ix
Part I Selecting holidays: the purchase decision and its antecedents 1
Introduction by Chris Ryan
1. Multi-faceted tourist travel decisions: a constraint-based conceptual
framework to describe tourists' sequential choices of travel components 9
Benedict G C Dellaert, Dick F Ettema and Christer Lindh
2. Tourist group holiday decision-making and behaviour: the influence
of children 21
Paul R Thornton, Gareth Shaw and Allan M Williams
Part II Economic forecasting in tourism 37
Introduction by Chris Ryan
3. An integrative approach to tourism demand forecasting 45
Bill Faulkner and Peter Valeria
4. Measures of forecasting accuracy - turning point error vs size of error 59
Christine A Witt and Stephen F Witt
5. Tourism forecasting: how well do private and public sector organizations
perform? 70
Stephen F Witt
Part III Gender and sex in tourism 81
Introduction by Chris Ryan
6. An occupational hazard? Sex segregation in tourism employment 89
Fiona Jordan
1. Holidays and homosexual identity 105
Howard Hughes
8. Sex, tourism and sex tourism: fulfilling similar needs? 113
Chris Ryan and Rachel Kinder
Part IV Planning and community action 133
Introduction by Stephen Page
9. Residents' attitudes towards tourism: a longitudinal study in
Spey Valley, Scotland 139
Donald Getz
vi Contents
10. From shareholders to stakeholders: critical issues for tourism marketers 155
Jane Robson and Ian Robson
11. Responsible and responsive tourism planning in the community 167
K Michael Haywood
12. Crafting a destination vision: putting the concept of resident-responsive
tourism into practice 183
J R Brent Ritchie
Part V Urban tourism 197
Introduction by Stephen Page
13. Leisure shopping: a magic concept for the tourism industry? 203
Myriam Jansen-Verbeke
14. Tourist shopping villages: development and planning strategies 211
Donald Getz
Part VI Theme parks 227
Introduction by Stephen Page
15. Theme park selection: factors influencing attendance 233
Gordon W McClung
16. A perceptual mapping approach to theme park visitor segmentation 246
Dale D Fodness and Laura M Milner
17. Evaluating the attractiveness of a new theme park: a cross-cultural comparison 259
Kau Ah-Keng
Part VII Tourism and the natural environment: marine and ecotourism 273
Introduction by Stephen Page
18. Whale sharks in Ningaloo Marine Park: managing tourism in
an Australian marine protected area 279
Derrin Davis, Simon Banks, Alastair Birtles, Peter Valentine and
Michael Cuthill
19. Sustainable tourism development in Wales: from theory to practice 300
R Elwyn Owen, Stephen F Witt and Susan Gammon
20. Towards a more desirable form of ecotourism 315
Mark B Orams
21. Pricing policy in nature-based tourism 324
Jan G Laarman and Hans M Gregersen
22. Managing ecotourism: an opportunity spectrum approach 337
Stephen W Boyd and Richard W Butler
Contents vii
23. Ecotourism accommodation spectrum: does supply match the demand? 352
Pamela A Wight
Part VIII Marketing and service quality - wider perspectives 369
Introduction by Chris Ryan
24. Revising and implementing the marketing concept as it applies to tourism 377
K Michael Haywood
25. The implementation of total quality management in tourism: some guidelines 390
C A Witt and A P Muhlemann
26. The service experience in tourism 404
Julie E Otto and J R Brent Ritchie
Part IX Indigenous peoples and tourism 421
Introduction by Chris Ryan
27. Tourism management on American Indian lands in the USA 431
Alan A Lew
28. Maori tourism 446
Shirley Burnett
Author index 451
Subject index 459
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Preface
The journal Tourism Management was first launched in March 1980 and at the start of
the new millennium it has now been in existence for two decades. This is an opportune
time to reflect on the second of these decades, thereby continuing a process initiated in
1990 with the first compilation of articles from the journal edited by Rik Medlik (1991)
in the volume Managing Tourism. It is evident that a great deal of change has occurred
in tourism research since the journal was first published. In 1980, tourism journals were
limited in scope and range; in 1999, there are over 50 academic and professional
tourism and leisure journals developed for an international readership with the needs
of the academic and practitioner research audience in mind. Yet it is with confidence
that we feel the journal has continued to grow in strength and authority as a leading
forum for the dissemination of research findings from a broad range of researchers
with a common interest in the management implications of tourism. Yet the journal
does not always publish material exclusively with that focus in mind. It is also a forum
for critical debate of issues of current concern and seeks to sustain an information
dissemination role through the publication of shorter research notes of work
completed but not fully developed, case studies, book reviews of new literature in
the field, and reports of conferences. Although this book does not include any of these
latter aspects, it does highlight the wider research focus of the journal with reference to
one of its principal aims - to publish articles based on new research.
Although it is not the place of this book to question the quality, quantity and range
of journal articles now being published under the heading of tourism studies, one
cannot fail to acknowledge that within the last decade - perhaps even the last five
years - significant changes have occurred in the range of methodologies and research
paradigms being adopted by researchers. In consequence, many of the current articles
are more sophisticated and analytical than their predecessors, and while description
retains its role as a primary research source, most papers being published today seek to
go beyond that initial research function. Whether greater sophistication at the level
of the specific translates into more conceptual development of wider theories unique to
tourism is, however, a moot point. In a special issue of Tourism Management related
to 'research methods' in tourism, it is perhaps indicative of the current debate that the
editors (Faulkner and Ryan, 1999) simply expressed their lack of agreement as to this
issue. It could be argued that until recently qualitative research methods (other than
simple description) had not been part of the prevailing research paradigm in tourism
studies other than in specific anthropologically or ethnographically based work.
Although this assessment may be overly critical of the past state of the discipline, the
real difficulty now facing tourism researchers is the incredible information overload
and volume of articles, book chapters and texts now being published. For researchers it
is an enormous amount of material to peruse in order to assess what is relevant and
notable. Perhaps this is the sign of a maturing discipline or perhaps it is the sign of
increased pressures on academics for research outputs: 'never mind the quality - feel
the width' is a persuasive description of the policy now being pursued in many quarters.