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Department ofthe Environment Room C13/18 2 Marsham Street London SW1P3EB Tetex22221 DirectLine 071-276 3901 Switchboard 071-2763000 GTN 276 11 March 1992 Dear Sir/Madam CONSULTATION PAPER: PLANNING POLICY GUIDANCE ON TOURISM I am writing to invite comments on the enclosed draft Planning Policy Guidance note on Tourism. We have prepared the consultation document jointly with the Welsh Office and in consultation with the Department of Employment. Responses should be sent to Mrs W E McGregor at the above address by 11 May 1992. Additional copies of the consultation paper may be obtained by sending a self-addressed label to Room C13/11. Department of the Environment, 2 Marsham Street, London SW1P 3EB, before 11 May. The Department may wish to make responses to this letter available to Parliament and open to public inspection in the Department's library. Unless you specifically indicate that your response is confidential, we shall assume that you have no objection to it being treated in this way and would be grateful if you could supply an extra copy for this purpose. The document has been prepared jointly with the Welsh Office, who are carrying out parallel consultation in Wales. R G Wakeford Development Plans and Policies Division V:, v’'Vj';f ''*-;Vb Vi y PrintedimagedigitisedbytheUniversityofSouthampton LibraryDigitisation Unit Department ofthe Environment PPG... WelshOffice PLANNING POLICY GUIDANCE TOURISM CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION Tourism andtheEnvironment 1.1 Scopeandpurposeoftheguidance 1.6 Otherpublications 1.8 2. PLANNING ANDTOURISM Theimpactoftourism 2.1 Theroleofplanning 2.7 3.TRENDS INTOURISM Economic impactoftourism 3.1 Tourism andemployment 3.4 Futuretrends 3.6 Futureprioritiesfortourism development 3.10 Government supportfortourism 3.12 4. DEVELOPMENT PLANS Thedevelopment plansystem 4.1 Regional planning guidance 4.4 Strategic Planning GuidanceinWales 4.6 Structure plans 4.7 Local plans 4.11 5. DEVELOPMENT CONTROL Planning applications 5.1 Touristaccommodation 5.3 Largescaleandinnovative projects 5.4 Principles andcriteria 5.8 Locationalfactors Designated areas 5.10 Historictownsandcities 5.15 Seasideresorts 5.19 Otherenvironmental factors 5.24 Design 5.27 Outdooradvertisements 5.31 Planningobligations 5.32 6. CONSULTATION General 6.1 National andregionaltourist boards 6.2 7. CANCELLATIONS ANNEXA. HOTELS ANNEX B. HOLIDAY CARAVANS ANNEX C. FURTHER READING ANNEX D. USEFULADDRESSES PrintedimagedigitisedbytheUniversityofSouthampton LibraryDigitisation Unit 1. INTRODUCTION managed inwaysthatprotectandenhance thosevalues. Theplanning processcan help to achievethisdifficultbutcrucial balance. Tourism andtheenvironment 1.4 Themainsourceofnational planning 1.1.Tourism makesamajorcontribution to guidanceistheseriesofPlanning Policy thenational economy andtotheprosperityof Guidance(PPGs). Several PPGs are manycities, townsand ruralareas. Its particularlyrelevanttoplanningfortourism; continuing growth generates arangeof economic activity and newjobopportunities. PPG1 General Policyand Principles eBnevciaruosnemenitto,ftietncadnepaecntdassoanpaosihtiigvheqfuoarlcietyfor PPG2 Green Belts environmental protection andenhancement. Manyareashave important natural, historical PPG4 Industrial andCommercial orarchitectural features whichservetoattract Development andsmallfirms tourists. Itisimportant toidentifyand considerwaysofprotecting these aswellas PPG7 TheCountryside andthe Rural toconsiderways inwhichnewdevelopment Economy canenhancetheindustry. PPG121 Development Plansand Regional 1.2 TheGovernment's policyisthatthe Planning Guidance tourism industryshouldflourish andgrowin responsetothemarketwhilerespecting the PPG17 Sport and Recreation environment. Itisessential thattourism does notdamagetheenvironmental qualitiesthat PPG19 Advertisement Control notonlyattract itbuthaveafarwiderand enduringvalue. Policiesforthispurpose Forthcoming Coastal Planning must befullyconsistentwiththe " NatureConservation Government's environmental strategy asset outintheWhite PaperThisCommon Scopeandpurposeofthisguidance Inheritance and musttakefullaccount ofthe particular needsandcharacterofindividual 1.5 ThisPPG outlinestheeconomic areas. Thecentralobjective istoachieve significance oftourism and itsenvironmental "sustainable development" thatservesthe impact, andtherefore itsimportance inland- interests ofboth economic growthand useplanning. Itexplains howtheneedsof conservation oftheenvironment. The tourism should bedealtwithindevelopment SecretaryofStateforEmployment setupa plansand indevelopment control. Chapter2 taskforce ontourism andtheenvironment discussestheimpactoftourism andtherole which reported on howtoachievesustainable oftheplanning system. Chapter3considers tourism, andgaverisetoaGovernment thescaleandcharacteroftouristactivity, its policystatement onthissubject (see economic significance, andfuturetrendsin paragraph 3.15). tourism. Chapter4explains howaspects of tourism thatarerelevanttoland-use planning 1.3.Therearewellestablished national should bedealtwith instatutorydevelopment policiesforthe protection ofthecountryside, plans. Chapter5dealswithtourism asa including National Parks, Areasof factorindevelopmentcontrol andwiththe Outstanding Natural BeautyandSites of useofplanning powersbothtoregulate and Special Scientific Interest, theGreen Belts, facilitatetourist-related development. theHeritagecoastandareasandbuildings of Chapter6dealswithconsultation withother architectural orhistoric importance. These bodiesconcerned andtheroleofthe policies, which areimplemented largely RegionalTourist Boards. throughtheplanning system, arevitalto maintainingthosequalities inourlandscape 1.6 ThisPPGfocuses on broad principles andarchitectural heritagethatattract tourism. andgeneral criteriathatarerelevanttomost Theneedsoftourism thereforehavetobe typesoftouristdevelopment. Although it doesnotdealindetail witheachtypeof 2 PrintedimagedigitisedbytheUniversityofSouthamptonLibraryDigitisationUnit development, Chapter5containsadviceon largescaleandinnovative projects, and AnnexesAandBprovide policyguidanceon TheSecretaryofStateforEmploymentis hoteland holidaycaravandevelopments. In responsibleforthecoordination of practice, however, manytypesof Governmentpolicyontourismandfortourism developmentthatcaterfortouristsalsocater inEngland. UndertheDevelopmentof fiomrpaocthtertotoytpheesrocfatuesegro,rioersaorfedseivmeillaorpmienntth.eir T(BoTurAi)shmaAsctsta1t9u6t9or,ythreesBprointsiisbhilTiotuyrifsotrtAhutehority Thussimilar planning considerations applyto overseaspromotion ofBritainasatourism both. destination. Thethreestatutorynational boards theEnglish TouristBoard(ETB), , Otherpublications Scottish TouristBoard(STB), andWales TouristBoard(WTB), haveresponsibilityfor 1.7 AnnexClistsanumberofpublications promotinganddevelopingtourismintheir otherthanPPGsthatmaybefound useful. respectivecountries. TheseBoardsare In particular, theseriesofreportsfromthe appointedbytheSecretaries ofStatefor Tourism and EnvironmentTaskForce, Employment, ScotlandandWales publishedin 1991 bythe Department of respectively. Employment andtheEnglishTourist Board provide practical adviceandguidanceonhow AllfourBoardshaveadutytoadvise toachievesustainabletourism. Themain Governmentandotherpublicbodies, report Tourism andthe Environment - includinglocalauthorities, onmatters Maintaining the Balanceisavailablefreefrom affectingtourism. TheBoardstherefore the EnglishTourist Board. Itisaccompanied provideanimportantinputtonationaltourism bythereportsofthreeworking Groupsonthe policiesandassistintheirimplementation. Countryside, Heritagesitesand Historic TheETBdevolvesmanyofitsfunctions to TownsinadditiontoareportonVisitor the 12regionaltouristboardsinEngland. Management CaseStudies (theseare Theseareindependentbodies, whose separate priced publications). membership comprisesrepresentatives of localauthoritiesandoftouristbusinesses. It istheseregionalboards whichwould normallybeinvolvedinlanduseplanningin England. Furtherinformation aboutthe regionalboardsisgiveninChapter6. PrintedimagedigitisedbytheUniversityofSouthampton LibraryDigitisation Unit 2, PLANNING AND TOURISM typesoflocation, bothurbanand rural. Trendsintourism areconstantlychangingas newtypesofactivity, newattractions andnew Theimpactoftourism destinationsbecome popular. Development planscanplayaroleinencouraging 2.1."Tourism" coversaverywiderangeof appropriatetourism developments intheright activities andtypesofdevelopment. The place. Butequally, scopemustbeallowed, Tourism Societydefines itas"thetemporary withinthebroadframeworkofenvironmental short-term movement ofpeopleto objectives, forpoliciesandplanstobe destinations outsidetheplaceswherethey adaptedtochanging conditions, market normallyliveandworkandtheactivities demandsand local needs. duringtheirstayatthesedestinations". This definitioncanincludetravel andvisitsfor 2.5 Indealingwitharapidlydevelopingand business, professional anddomestic purposes innovative industry, there mustbeprovision aswellasforholidays and recreation. But forassessing newandunfamiliartypesof thosedistinctions arenotalwaysclearcut: project. Theplanning processshould allow sometimes morethanonepurpose is forthisandenabletheenvironmental involved. Forexample, businessconferences implicationsofnewproposalstobeassessed andsalesevents, musicfestivals, inarationalandcomprehensive manner. professional andacademic meetings, allof which canattract both nationaland 2.6 Chapter3provides moredetailed international audiences, oftencombinean information ontheeconomicsignificanceof elementoftourism withtheirmorespecific tourism, itsscaleandnatureasamajor purposes. Such events areanimportantand serviceindustryandamajorsourceof expandingaspect ofthetouristindustry. employment. Italsogivesguidance on Tourism includes notonlytheannualfamily currenttrendsandfuturedevelopments. holiday (although holidaysaccountforabout 60% ofalltourist activity) butalsoawide Theroleofplanning rangeofshortervisits, weekend breaksand daytrips. 2.7 Theplanning system hasanimportant parttoplayincopingwiththe problemsthat 2.2 Thekindsoffacilityanddevelopment canarisefromexistingtouristattractions and neededforthese varioustypesoftourism, activity. Itshould alsofacilitate and andtheproblemsthattheycangenerate, are encourage development andimprovements in notnecessarily different, intermsofland use touristprovision. First, thefunctions of planning, from similartypesofdevelopment surveyandanalysisthatunderpin effective servingothertypesofdemand. Thereare, of land-useplanning necessarilyincludetourism course, sometypesofdevelopmentthatcater activities andtheirinterrelationship withother expresslyforthetouristand holidaymaker, land-uses. Secondly, thepreparation of butforplanning purposes itisthelocation, statutorydevelopment plansshould include scale andenvironmental implications that existing andfutureprovisionfortourism and matter ratherthanthe particulartype ofuser therelationship tootherenvironmental and orthepurpose oftheirvisit. conservation objectives. Thedevelopment plansystem, with its provisionforpublic 2.3 Forallthese reasons "tourism" cannot be participation intheprocess, providesthe regardedasasingleordistinctcategoryof opportunityfordealingwiththese matters ina landuse. Butthedemandsthatitmakeson comprehensive and integrated manner. landresources anditsimpactonthe Thirdly, thedevelopment controlsystem environment mean thatitisasubjectthat meansthatallnewtourist-related should beaddressed inpreparingorrevising developmentissubjecttoproperappraisal. development plans, andonethatwill often (Thisincludesformal environmental impact feature indevelopment controldecisions. assessment inthecaseofcertain projects whicharelikelytohavesignificant 2.4 Tourism coversawidevarietyof environmental effects.) Wherenecessary, a activities andimpinges on manydifferent newdevelopment canbemadesubjectto conditions regulating itsscale, location, 4 PrintedimagedigitisedbytheUniversityofSouthamptonLibraryDigitisationUnit access, design, landscaping, hoursof 3. TRENDS IN TOURISM operationand otherrequirementsthatwill lessen its impact. Economic impactoftourism 2.8 Inshort, the planning processcanassist tourism development, butinwaysthattake 3.1 in itsbroadestsense, touristexpenditure fullaccountofotherrelatedpoliciesforthe in Britain2in 1990totalled around£25.2 protection andenhancement ofthe billion. Thisaccountedforalmost5% oftotal environment (seeparagraphs 5.24-5.26). Gross Domestic Product, andforabout30% oftotal exportsofservices. Inthesame year, whilstoilexportsearned £7.5 billion, spending byoverseas visitorstoBritain, including payments tocarriers, totalled £9.7 billion. Intermsoftotal overseasvisitor spending, Britain ranksfifthintheworld. 3.2 Nearlytwothirdsofalltourism expenditure, however, stemsfrom domestic trips, in 1990, British residents made approximately 95million business orleisure tripsin Britain involving onenightormore awayfromhome; theyspentatotal of£10.5 billion. Inaddition630million dayvisitswere made byBritish residents in 1988/89during which theyspent over£5.2 billion. 3.3 Tourism is made upofawiderangeof verydifferent, butinterdependent activities andoperations. Theseinclude accommodation, catering, transport, tourist attractions, information provision andallthe otheramenities andfacilitiesdesigned to caterfortheneedsofvisitors. Thereisalso anoverlapwith related areassuch assport, entertainment, theartsandotherrecreation andleisureactivities. Forexample28% of expenditure bydomestic dayvisitorsison shopping; acontribution of£1.5billiontothe retail sector. Tourism andemployment 3.4 Around 6% ofemployment inGreat Britain (nearly 1.5million people) isdirectly related totourism. Tourism businesses accountfor6% ofthosewhoareself employed; andthere isahigherproportion of smallfirmsintourism compared withthe economyasawhole. Tourism alsoindirectly helps supportmanymorejobsamongthose whosupplygoodsandservicesforthe industry. Thenumberofemployees in tourism-related activities grewby25% inthe tenyearstoJune1991, compared with 1% forallemployees inemployment. 5 PrintedimagedigitisedbytheUniversityofSouthampton LibraryDigitisation Unit 3.5 Thetourism industryoffers awiderange Futureprioritiesfortourist deveiooment ofjobsatallskill levels. Ithasagood record ofofferingearlyadvancementforyoung England people, basedon provenabilityratherthan qualifications. It hasalsobeeneffective in 3.10 TheETBhaspublished itsstrategyfor providing alternative employment asdemand tourism fortheperiod 1991/1995, entitled forlabourintraditional sectorshasdeclined. "PlanningforSuccess". InthistheBoard Forexample, theGovernmentisencouraging haveidentifiedseveraltypesoftourist farmerstodevelopalternativesourcesof requirement anddevelopment opportunities incomeand,formany, providingtourist thattheyconsidertobeofspecial importance facilitiescan beanimportantform of tothefuturesuccess oftourism. These diversification (see PPG7). includeatleastonemajornewtourist attraction ofnational significanceand"holiday FutureTrends villages" suchasexistinsomeother countries andofwhichtherearealready 3.6 In manycountries tourism isoneofthe someexamples in Britain. Butthelistof maingrowth industries, reflecting increasing prioritiesalsoincludesothertypesof personal incomes, leisuretimeandmobility. provisionthatarelikelytobemuch more IntheUKthegrowth intourism hasbeen widespread andsmallerinscale- accompanied bychanges inthetypesand distribution oftourism. Decline inthe improved newand modernisedfamily traditional longer-stay holidayatasingleUK accommodation destination has beenpartiallyoffsetby significantincreases inothermarkets. These expanded lowcostor"budget" include short breaks, secondholidays, day accommodation trips, businesstravelandspecialinterestor activity holidays;. improved self-catering facilities 3.7 Anotherimportanttrend istheincrease in moreand betterqualityholiday visits byoverseas residentstotheUK. The cottages numberofthese hasgrown bynearly half overthelast 10years, reaching 18millionin development andexpansion offarm 1990. holidayaccommodation 3.8 Alltheindications arethattheindustry general improvement andupgrading willcontinuetogrow. TheEnglishTourist ofalltypesoftouristaccommodation Board (ETB) forecasts anaverageannual increaseof2% indomestictourismtrips muchgreateremphasis ondesign between 1991 and 1995. TheBritishTourist qualityand respectforthe Authority (BTA) expectsthat, duringthesame environment inalltourist period, thenumbersofoverseasvisitorswill developments growby4% ayearormore. Thesetrendsand prioritiesarelikelyto 3.9 Despitethese prospectsofcontinuing feature inapplicationsforplanningapproval growth intourism inBritain, theindustryfaces overthenextfewyears. Generalfactors strong competition from overseas and affectingtheirassessment andcriteriafor especiallywithinthesingle European market. approvalareconsidered inChapter5. Tofullyrealisethispotential, andtocaterfor changing patterns oftourism, risingstandards Wales andexpectations, the industryneedsto maintainacontinuous programme of 3.11 TheWTBforitspartseekstodevelop investment and reinvestment, andconstant andmarkettourism inwayswhichyieldthe improvements inthequalityandvaluefor optimum economicandsocial benefittothe moneyoftheservices andfacilitiesoffered. peopleofWales. Implicitwithinthisobjective Butitmustdothisinawaythatrespects istheneedtosustainand promotethe sustainable developmentobjectives. culture ofWalesandtheWelshlanguage, PrintedimagedigitisedbytheUniversityofSouthamptonLibraryDigitisationUnit andtosafeguard thenatural andbuilt activity, andtothepromotion ofnon- environment. TheWTBareworking ona traditionai aswellasthe more popularvisitor replacementforthe5yearFramework destinations. Development Strategyfortourism development inWales, launchedin1988. 3.15 TheSecretaryofStateforEmployment Themain issuesto beaddressed are: setupaspecialtaskforcecomprising representatives ofthetourism industry, local a) tourism andtheenvironment authoritiesandenvironmental and other intereststoadviseon howtourism could b) tourism andthecommunity developinharmonywiththeenvironment. Followingthereportofthetaskforcein May c) accommodation 1991, theSecretary ofStateannouncedfour guidingprinciplesthattheGovernmentwould d) attractions, amenities andfacilities adoptinassessing its.ownsupportfor tourism. Theseprinciplesareasfollows: e) customercare supportingthedevelopmentofthe f) infrastructure industryinwayswhich contributeto, ratherthandetractfrom,thequalityof g) marketing structures. theenvironment; Government supportfortourism promotingtheunderstanding of environmental quality concernswithin 3.12 TheGovernment iscommitted to theindustryandoftheneedto encouraging theoverallgrowthoftourism in improvethequalityofitsserviceand the UKwhileatthesametimeconserving itsproducts; thosequalitiesintheenvironmentthatarea majorattraction fortourism. Itspolicyis ensuring throughthe RegionalTourist directed atsecuringaproperbalance Boards andTrainingandEnterprise between: Councilsthatmanagers intourism adoptvisitormanagement techniques theneedsofthetouristindustryand thatcan mitigate theimpactonthe itscustomers; environment; theinterests oftheenvironment; encouragingthosetypesoftourism which inthemselves aimtosafeguard theinterests ofthecommunities that theenvironment. feeltheeffects oftourism andcater foritsneeds. 3.16 AlthoughtheGovernment is committed tooverall growth inthetourism 3.13 Tourism benefitsfrom arangeof industry, itacceptsthatsome areasmaybe Government assistance made availableto more readilyabletoabsorb increased visitor cultural, artisticandsporting activities; forthe numbersthanothers, atpeakperiods. This conservation and preservation ofancient variationincapacitywill beakeyinputto monuments and historicbuildings; andto visitormanagement and land useplanning helpbusinessdevelopment inareasof considerations, whichthefollowingChapters particularneed. Conversely, these andmany considerinmoredetail. otheractivities benefitgreatlyfromtheincome fromtourists. 3.14 Government policyhasalsobeen focused on maximisingtheeconomicand employment benefitsthattourism bringsand spreadingthese aswidelyaspossible. Towardsthisend, encouragement isgivento promotingtourism asan all-year-round 7 PrintedimagedigitisedbytheUniversityofSouthampton LibraryDigitisation Unit 4. DEVELOPMENT PLANS pressure. Tourism isalreadycovered inthe regional planningguidance issuedorshortly tobeissuedforthe English regions.The Thedevelopment plansystem varyingweightgiventotourism inthe guidancefordifferent regions reflectsthe 4.1. Comprehensive guidanceonthe perceived significanceoftourism ineach development plansystem, updatedtotake regionaleconomy andtheimportancethatit accountofthePlanningandCompensation isseentohaveasaland-useplanning issue. Act 1991, isgiven in PPG 12. Tourism isone Withthegrowth inacceptance ofthe ofthemajortopicsto becovered inthose economic anddevelopmental importance of plans. tourism, future revisionsoradditionsto regional planning guidanceshoulddealwith it 4.2. The 1991 Actstrengthened theroleof morefully. development plansbyrequiringthat development controldecisionsmustaccord Strategic Planning GuidanceinWales withthedevelopment planunless material considerations indicateotherwise. 4.6 TheWelshOfficeisproducing aseriesof Strategic Planning GuidanceinWales 4.3. Thedevelopment plansofrelevanceto (SPGW) paperswhichconsolidateandre- tourism developmentarestructure plans presentthewiderangeofavailablestrategic prepared bycountycouncilsand local plans guidancemateria! inaconsistent and prepared bydistrictcouncilsand byNational accessibleform. Existing designationsand Park authorities. IntheLondon boroughsand policiesaffecting tourism arepresented inthe metropolitan districts there areunitary papers issued bytheWelshOffice. The development plans(UDPs) thatcombinethe Assembly ofWelshCounties (AWC) are functions ofstructure andlocalplans (inthis takingthelead inco-ordinating the PPG references tostructureand local plans contributions oftheCouncilofWelsh Districts, include UDPs Parts I and II). Allthese National Parks andotherinterested bodiesin plansmusttake accountofcurrentnational assessing theexisting strategic planning policiesandanyregionalorstrategic planning guidanceandinprovidingtheSecretaryof guidance issued bytheSecretaries ofState Statewithadvice onthemainstrategic issues forthe Environment andWales.Allplans likelytoaffectWalesinthenext 10-15years. should bedrawn uptaking accountof AspartofthisexercisetheAWChasformed environmental considerations, andthe aTourism and Recreation WorkingGroup policiesshould besubjecttoanappraisal of andareaddressing issuesofrelevanceto theirenvironmental effects (seeChapter6of tourism inWales. PPG12). Structure plans Regional Planning Guidance 4.7 Thefunctions ofstructure plansas 4.4 In England regionalplanning guidanceis defined in PPG 12areto: issued bytheSecretaryofState inthelightof advicesubmitted tohimbyrepresentatives of providethestrategic policyframework thelocal planning authoritiesintheregion forplanning and development andafterconsultation withother control; organisations. Thearrangementsfor preparingthisguidancevarybetween regions ensurethattheprovisionfor andafurtherexplanation oftheprocess is development isrealisticand giveninChapter2of PPG 12. consistentwithnationalandregional policy; and 4.5 Animportantfunction ofregional guidance istoencourage alternative areasfor secure consistency between local tourism development, whereneededto plansforneighbouring areas. reducetheproblemsinLondon andother locationslikelytocomeunderunreasonable 4.8 Chapter5ofPPG 12includes "tourism, leisureandrecreation" inthelistofninekey 8 PrintedimagedigitisedbytheUniversityofSouthamptonLibraryDigitisationUnit strategictopicsthatshould, whererelevantto associatedwitheitherthe growth or thearea, bedealtwithinstructureplans. decline oftourism; PPG 12 explainsthatstructure plansare intendedtostate inbroadtermsthegeneral howincreaseddemandcanbestbe policiesand proposalsofstrategicimportance accommodated -forexample, forthedevelopmentand useofland,taking through majornewholidayvillage accountofnational andregional policies, and type developments, orrevitalisation of providingtheframeworkformoredetailed existing rundown areas; policiesand proposalsinlocal plans. In particular structure plansshould, where theenvironmental impactoftourist appropriate, indicate thebroad locationof demand andwaysinwhichany majorgrowth areas, andareasofrestrainton adverse effects canbemoderated - development, andthegeneral location ofany byrestricting furtherexpansion of individual development likelytohavea touristcapacity; byimproving significanteffect ontheplanarea. Structure facilitiesformeeting existingdemand plansshould avoiddetailed development butwithoutcateringforincreased control policieswhichproperly belonginlocal numbers; orbyencouraging plans. alternativetourist destinations and attractions; 4.9 Therehasbeenatendencyinstructure planstoconsidertourism inisolationasa theneedtoprotectkeytourism separatetopicratherthaninrelationtoother assets, including suchfeatures as policyconcerns suchasemployment, characteristic landscapes, unspoilt conservation, urbanregeneration and stretchesofundeveloped coastline, transport. Oneofthestrengths ofthe areasofspecial interestfornature structure planconceptisthatitenables conservation, historic buildingsand relatedtopicstobedealtwithinanintegrated townscapes; manner, andthisisrelevantinthecaseof tourism. ways inwhichtourism cancontribute positivelyto otherobjectivessuchas 4.10 Itisnotthepurposeofthis PPGtospell economicdevelopment, conservation outtourism policiesforparticularareasbut and urbanregeneration. therearestrategic aspectsthatshould be dealtwithinstructure plans, especiallyin Fullerguidance onthesetopicsisprovided in thosecountieswheretourism isamajor other PPGs. componentofthelocaleconomyandposes significantland-useissues. Theseaspects Local plans include: 4.11 Iftheissuessetoutintheprevious thescaleanddistribution oftourist paragraph areadequatelydealtwithatthe activitywithinthearea; structure plan level, theycan thenbe translated intopositive policiesandproposals likelyfuturetrendsandchanges in inlocalplans, taking account oflocalneeds volume, distribution, andtypesof andlocalopinion. Local planscaninclude activity; more detailed proposalsforfuture improvements tothelocalenvironmentand theimplication ofthosetrends and localfacilities. Inmanyareasthesewill changesforland use, trafficflows and include provisionfortourism, especiallywhere thetransportsystem -forexample, thisisanimportant contributorto thelocal bytraffic management schemesthat economyandemployment. The policiesand ensureeasieraccessandcirculation proposalssetoutinthe local planprovidethe withoutdetractingfromthesafetyof basisforfuturedevelopment and fortheday- pedestrian movement; to-dayexercise ofdevelopmentcontrol. theidentification ofareaswithinthe 4.12 Thepoliciesand proposals inlocal countywherethereareproblems plansshould beconfined toaspectsthat 9 PrintedimagedigitisedbytheUniversityofSouthamptonLibraryDigitisationUnit