Tourism, Development and Terrorism in Bali (Voices in Development Management)

219 Pages·2007·2.5 MB·English

by  Michael Hitchcock

TOURISM, DEVELOPMENT AND
TERRORISM IN BALI
Voices in Development Management
Series Editor:
Margaret Grieco
Napier University, Scotland
The Voices in Development Management series provides a forum in which grass
roots organisations and development practitioners can voice their views and present
their perspectives along with the conventional development experts. Many of the
volumes in the series will contain explicit debates between various voices in devel-
opment and permit the suite of neglected development issues such as gender and
transport or the microcredit needs of low income communities to receive appropriate
public and professional attention.
Also in the series
Women Miners in Developing Countries
Pit Women and Others
Edited by Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt and Martha Macintyre
ISBN 0 7546 4650 5
Africa’s Development in the Twenty-first Century
Pertinent Socio-Economic and Development Issues
Edited by Kwadwo Konadu-Agyemang and Kwamina Panford
ISBN 0 7546 4478 2
Accountability of the International Monetary Fund
Edited by Barry Carin and Angela Wood
ISBN 0 7546 4523 1
Social Exclusion and the Remaking of Social Networks
Robert Strathdee
ISBN 0 7546 3815 4
Design and Determination
The Role of Information Technology in Redressing
Regional Inequities in the Development Process
Stephen E. Little
ISBN 0546 1099 3
Tourism, Development
and Terrorism in Bali
MICHAEL HITCHCOCK
London Metropolitan University, UK
I NYOMAN DARMA PUTRA
The University of Queensland, Australia
© Michael Hitchcock and I Nyoman Darma Putra 2007
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording
or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.
Michael Hitchcock and I Nyoman Darma Putra have asserted their moral right under the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the authors of this work.
Published by
Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company
Gower House Suite 420
Croft Road 101 Cherry Street
Aldershot Burlington, VT 05401-4405
Hampshire GU11 3HR USA
England
Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Hitchcock, Michael
Tourism, development and terrorism in Bali. - (Voices in
development management)
1. Tourism - Indonesia - Bali Island 2. Bali Bombings,
Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, 2002 - Economic aspects 3. Terrorism
- Indonesia - Bali Island - Economic aspects 4. Bali Island
(Indonesia) - Economic conditions
I. Title II. Putra, I Nyoman Darma
338.4'7915986
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hitchcock, Michael.
Tourism, development and terrorism in Bali / by Michael Hitchcock and I Nyoman Darma Putra.
p. cm. -- (Voices in development management)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7546-4866-6
1. Tourism--Indonesia--Bali Island. 2. Terrorism--Indonesia--Bali Island.
3. Bali Bombings, Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, 2002. 4. Globalization--Economic aspects--
Indonesia--Bali Island. I. Putra, I Nyoman Darma. II. Title.
G155.I5H57 2007
338.4'79159862--dc22
2006032965
ISBN: 978-0-7546-4866-6
Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall.
Contents
List of Tables vii
List of Figures ix
About the Authors xi
Abbreviations xiii
1 Introduction: A Paradise Globalized 1
2 The Importance of Tourism 13
3 A Brand Created 25
4 Bali’s Global Villages 39
5 Street Traders and Entrepreneurs 57
6 Global – Local Encounters 75
7 World Heritage as Globalization 95
8 Bali During the Asian Crisis 107
9 The 2002 Bali Bombings Crisis 119
10 Global Conflict and the Bombers 135
11 The Rise and Fall of Tourism 153
12 Coping with Globalization 165
13 Conclusion 181
Bibliography 187
Index 201
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List of Tables
8.1 Number of Foreign Visitors 110
8.2 Links Between Suharto Family, Companies and Tourism in Bali 115
9.1 Bali’s Religious Mix 121
9.2 Direct Tourist Arrivals Before and After the 2002 Bombings 123
10.1 The Victims’ Countries of Origin in the 2002 Bali Bombings 137
10.2 The Victims’ Countries of Origin in the 2005 Bali Bombings 146
10.3 Countries of Origin of the Injured Victims in the 2005
Bali Bombings 146
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List of Figures
All photographs by the authors unless otherwise stated
1.1 A map of Bali (Source: Ketut Sardiana) xiv
1.2 Cartoons dealing with development and globalization are
popular in Bali. This one is by Jango Pramartha 1
4.1 The main street and temple in the upland village of Penglipuran 48
4.2 Floating restaurant close to the offshore island of Nusa Penida 54
5.1 Former restaurateur, Tini Pidada, turned to batik retailing and
designing under the name ‘Dayujiwa’ in the aftermath of the Bali
bombings 64
6.1 Satellite dish behind a traditional village courtyard 92
7.1 Worshippers at Pura Besakih, Bali’s largest temple complex 98
8.1 Dreamland beach in South Bali near Uluwatu. Tommy Suharto
owns the adjacent land 116
9.1 Message among the wreaths outside the bombed Sari Nightclub
in 2003 refers to the Australian graduation song ‘Friends for Ever’ 132
9.2 Wreaths on the undamaged shrine above the spring in the
Sari Nightclub in 2003 133
10.1 London’s Bali Memorial, unveiled by Their Royal Highnesses
The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall on 12th October
2006 138
10.2 London’s permanent memorial to the 202 victims of the
Bali bombings 139
10.3 T-Shirt outside the Paddy’s Bar bombsite in 2003 expresses defiance 150
10.4 Indonesian tourists passing the Sari Nightclub bombsite in 2003 151
11.1 Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle Model (1980) 154
11.2 Bali Destination Life Cycle 158
11.3 Sign in 2003 announcing the reopening of Paddy’s Bar 163
12.1 Legong Keraton dance, performed during the Bali Arts Festival,
one of the major showpieces of Balinese art and culture
(Source: Widnyana Sudibya) 170