Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism (Publication of the International Academy of the Study for Tourism)

543 Pages·1992·2.06 MB·English

by  Valene L. Smith

Tourism Alternatives : Potentials and
Problems in the Development of Tourism
title:
Publication of the International Academy
for the Study of Tourism
author: Eadington, William R.
publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
isbn10 | asin: 0812213912
print isbn13: 9780812213911
ebook isbn13: 9780585127293
language: English
subject Tourism.
publication date: 1992
lcc: G155.A1T5893 1992eb
ddc: 338.4/791
subject: Tourism.
Page i
Tourism Alternatives
Page ii
A Publication of the International Academy
for the Study of Tourism
Page iii
Tourism Alternatives
Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism
Edited by Valene L. Smith and
William R. Eadington
University of Pennsylvania Press
Philadelphia
Page iv
Copyright © 1992 by the International Academy for the Study of
Tourism
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tourism alternatives : potentials and problems in the development of
tourism / edited by Valene L. Smith and William R. Eadington.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8122-3148-1 (cloth).ISBN 0-8122-1391-2 (pbk.)
1. Tourist trade. I. Eadington, William R.
G155.A1T5893 1992
338.4'791dc20 92-10657
CIP
Page v
To Jafar Jafari
Founder and President of the International
Academy for the Study of Tourism
Page vii
CONTENTS
List of Tables and Figures ix
List of Contributors xi
Preface
Valene L. Smith and William R. Eadington xiii
Introduction: The Emergence of Alternative Forms of
Tourism
William R. Eadington and Valene L. Smith 1
Part I-Theoretical Perspectives 13
1. Alternative Tourism: Concepts, Classifications, and
Questions
Douglas G. Pearce 15
2. Alternative Tourism: The Thin End of the Wedge
Richard Butler 31
3. Making the Alternative Sustainable: Lessons from
Development for Tourism
Emanuel De Kadt 47
4. Alternative Tourism: Tourism and Sustainable Resource
Management
John J. Pigram 76
Page viii
5. International Tourism Reconsidered: The Principle of
the Alternative
Marie-Françoise Lanfant and Nelson H. H. Graburn 88
Part II-Case Studies 113
6. Tourism as an Element in Sustainable Development:
Hana, Maui
Bryan Farrell 115
7. Boracay, Philippines: A Case Study in "Alternative"
Tourism
Valene L. Smith 133
8. Predisposition Toward Alternative Forms of Tourism
Among Tourists Visting Barbados: Some Preliminary
Observations
Graham Dann 158
9. Tourism by Train: Its Role in Alternative Tourism
Martinus J. Kosters 180
10. Tourism Alternatives in an Era of Global Climatic
Change
Geoffrey Wall 194
Epilogue: A Research Agenda on the Variability of
Tourism
Dennison Nash 216
References 227
Author Index 247
Subject Index 251

Page ix
TABLES AND FIGURES
Tables
Introduction
Table 1. International travelers: volume and expenditure
patterns 2
Chapter 1
Table 1. Variables used in classification of tourism 23
Chapter 2
Table 1. Problems of tourism 33
Table 2. Tourism development strategies 36
Table 3. Agents of change and types of tourism 38
Table 4. Possible implications of alternative tourism 41
Table 5. Viewpoints in tourism development 45
Chapter 7
Table 1. Arrivals at Boracay, 19831986 142
Table 2. Arrivals by month and nationality 145
Table 3. Locally perceived effects of tourism, Boracay 153
Chapter 8
Table 1. Responses to "Have you been inside a Barbadian
home?" 165
Table 2. Cross-tabulation of variables with entry to local