Torture and Democracy PDF
Preview Torture and Democracy
Torture and Democracy This page intentionally left blank Torture and Democracy DARIUS REJALI PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright©2007byPrincetonUniversityPress PublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress,41WilliamStreet,Princeton,NewJersey08540 IntheUnitedKingdom:PrincetonUniversityPress,6OxfordStreet,Woodstock, OxfordshireOX201TW AllRightsReserved Fourthprinting,andfirstpaperbackprinting,2009 PaperbackISBN:978-0-691-14333-0 TheLibraryofCongresshascatalogedtheclotheditionofthisbookasfollows Rejali,DariusM. Tortureanddemocracy/DariusRejali. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-691-11422-4(hardcover:alk.paper) 1.Torture.2.Torture—Governmentpolicy.I.Title. HV8593.R442007 364.6′7—dc22 2007015526 BritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable ThisbookhasbeencomposedinElectra Printedonacid-freepaper.∞ press.princeton.edu PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 ForGeneRosaschi(1937–2004), ofYerington,Nevada, myeighthgradeGeographyteacher atCommunitySchool,Tehran,Iran Hetaughtme thatrememberinghowotherslive, knowingthepropernamestheygive toplaces,people,andthings, andbeingobservantabouthowwelive arebasicskillsforanylifewelllived. This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface xv Acknowledgments xix Introduction 1 HistoricalClaims 3 PuzzlesandCautions 5 ThePriorityofPublicMonitoring 8 VariationsamongStates 11 VariationswithinStates 15 NationalStylesofStealthTorture 16 TortureandDemocracy 21 DoesTortureWork? 23 WhoCares? 25 I Torture and Democracy 33 1 ModernTortureandItsObservers 35 DefiningTorture 36 MonitoringTorture 39 2 TortureandDemocracy 45 TheNationalSecurityModel 46 TheJuridicalModel 49 TheCivicDisciplineModel 55 HellIsintheDetails 60 viii CONTENTS II Remembering Stalinism and Nazism 65 Introduction 67 3 Lights,Heat,andSweat 69 SweatingandStealthinAmerica 70 BritishPsychologicalTechniques 74 InterrogationElsewhereinEurope 76 SweatingandStealthinRussia 79 TheSpreadoftheRussianStyle 83 RememberingPavlov 87 4 WhipsandWater 91 Labussie`re’sList 92 DocumentingNaziTorture 93 TortureinGermany 95 TortureinNazi-OccupiedEurope 97 RememberingtheWar 104 5 Bathtubs 108 Masuy’sBathtub 109 Marty’sMagneto 111 TheFrenchGestapoandElectricTorture 112 TheDeclineofSweatingandStealth 115 TheGermanGestapoandModernTorture 117 RememberingNuremberg 117 TheSearchforElectricTorture 118 III A History of Electric Stealth 121 6 Shock 123 TheAC/DCControversyandtheElectricChair 124 TheMysteryofElectricDeath 126 EarlyPoliceDevices 128 TheMysteryofShock 132 EarlyMedicalDevices 135 TransmittingShock 138 LaterMedicalDevices 139 RememberingtheAnimals 141 7 Magnetos 144 WhatIsaMagneto? 145 CONTENTS ix Indochina,1931 146 OutofIndochina 149 Korea,1931 150 OutofKorea 152 TheLostHistoryoftheMagneto 155 FrenchandBritishElectrotortureafterWorldWarII 157 TheColonialPoliceandWuillaume’sList 160 TheTriumphoftheGe´ge`ne 161 Algeria,1960 163 RememberingtheGestapo 165 8 Currents 167 SouthVietnameseTorture 170 Vietnam,1968 172 BellTelephoneHour 174 OutofVietnamAgain 178 VariationwithintheFrenchStyle 183 CattleProds 185 TheElectricCornucopia 186 RememberingVietnam 188 9 SingingtheWorldElectric 190 WhenElectrotortureWasNew 190 ExplainingCleanElectrotorture 194 CraftingElectrotorture 197 SurgingForward 201 TheAmericas 203 MiddleEastandNorthAfrica 207 Asia 209 Sub-SaharanAfrica 211 EuropeandCentralAsia 214 ExplainingtheSurge 216 RememberingtheColdWar 222 10 Prods,Tasers,andStunGuns 225 ElectricUtopia 225 Electric-FreeProtest 227 StunTechnology 229 CoveringAmerica 230 RememberingEutopia 237
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