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Tort Law Tort Law PDF

481 Pages·2011·4.04 MB·English
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SEVENTH EDITION SEVENTH C ASE Tort Law EDITION T Catherine Elliott & Frances Quinn R o N O AVIG A T The bestselling Elliott and Quinn series of law textbooks includes reliable POWERED BY and concise texts on Criminal Law, Contract Law, Tort Law and the English Legal System. The authors draw on their extensive experience to r bring an unbeatable combination of authority, readability and clarity t to this series of student-friendly texts. Written in a lively and engaging style, each book: ● explains the relevant law logically and clearly ● helps students to succeed in assessments and improve their legal L skills ● looks at the context of law-making and its future direction a This text is supported by mylawchamber which includes: Tort law is a wide-ranging and often complex subject, which can be diffi cult to grasp for the newcomer. Elliott and Quinn’s Tort Law For students: regular case and legislation clarifi es the essential concepts behind the law, making it easier for updates, web-links, interactive self-test w you to understand and apply the legal rules. The book sets each tort questions, key term fl ashcards and a glossary. in its social context, so that you can easily understand when and why claims might be brought, and then offers a clear, systematic and For lecturers: a testbank of multiple choice detailed explanation of the rules relating to each tort. Each chapter questions that can be used to assess students’ progress. also includes discussion of problems with the current law, helping you to develop a critical and analytical approach. Through reference to All located at: topical cases and issues, the authors show that tort law is interesting www.mylawchamber.co.uk/elliottquinntort and relevant to today’s society. CASE NEW TO THIS EDITION NAVIGATOR POWERED BY ● Lrueliandgisng case boxes help you identify and remember key cases and Visit www.pearsoned.co.uk/casenavigator ● Chapter introductions identify core themes and concepts to for unique online support that helps remember improve case reading and analysis skills in ● Law in the news boxes help to put legal concepts into context and tort law. improve understanding The LexisNexis element of Case Navigator is only available to those who currently subscribe to ● Analysis and explanation of the impact of numerous, recently LexisNexis Butterworths services. decided cases including: • Rothwell v Chemical and Insulating Co Ltd on damage in negligence E l ABOUT THE AUTHORS • Daw v Intel Corporation on workplace stress lio • Burstein v Associated Newspapers on defamation Catherine Elliott is a qualifi ed Barrister and t • A v Hoare on limitation periods t Lecturer in Law at City University. She has • Corr v IBC on causation & extensive experience of teaching law. SEVENTH EDITION • Van Colle v Chief Constable of Hertfordshire on police liability to Q Tort Law crime victims Frances Quinn is an award-winning journalist, u • Mosley v News Group Ltd on privacy with a particular interest and experience in law. in n Catherine Elliott & Frances Quinn www.pearson-books.com Elliott & Quinn Series Cover © Getty Images CVR_ELLI9338_07_SE_CVR.indd 1 30/4/09 07:26:08 A01_ELLI9338_07_SE_FM.QXD 4/28/09 11:12 AM Page i Tort Law A01_ELLI9338_07_SE_FM.QXD 4/28/09 11:12 AM Page ii (cid:74)(cid:94)(cid:91)(cid:22)(cid:59)(cid:98)(cid:98)(cid:95)(cid:101)(cid:106)(cid:106)(cid:22)(cid:28)(cid:22)(cid:71)(cid:107)(cid:95)(cid:100)(cid:100)(cid:22)(cid:73)(cid:91)(cid:104)(cid:95)(cid:91)(cid:105) (cid:92)(cid:101)(cid:104)(cid:22)(cid:106)(cid:94)(cid:91)(cid:22)(cid:88)(cid:91)(cid:105)(cid:106)(cid:22)(cid:105)(cid:106)(cid:87)(cid:104)(cid:106)(cid:22)(cid:95)(cid:100)(cid:22)(cid:98)(cid:87)(cid:109) 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the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 1996 Second edition published 1999 Third edition published 2001 Fourth edition published 2003 Fifth edition published 2005 Sixth edition published 2007 Seventh edition published 2009 © Pearson Education Limited 1996, 2009 The rights of Catherine Elliott and Frances Quinn to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Crown Copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (HMSO) and the Queens’ Printer for Scotland. Law Commission Reports are reproduced under the terms of the Click-use Licence. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. ISBN: 978-1-4058-9933-8 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Elliott, Catherine, 1966– Tort law / Catherine Elliott and Frances Quinn. – 7th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4058-9933-8 (pbk.) 1. Torts–England. I. Quinn, Frances. II. Title. KD1949.E44 2009 346.4203—dc22 2009003486 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 12 11 10 09 Typeset in 9.5/13pt Stone Sans by 35 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Henry Ling Ltd, Dorchester, Dorset The publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests. A01_ELLI9338_07_SE_FM.QXD 4/28/09 11:12 AM Page v Brief contents Guided tour xiv Preface xvii Table of cases xix Tables of statutes, statutory instruments and European legislation xxxiii 1 Tort law: an introduction 1 2 Negligence 17 3 Employers’ liability 146 4 Occupiers’ liability 161 5 Product liability 179 6 Breach of statutory duty 204 7 Deceit 216 8 Defamation 225 9 Privacy 263 10 Nuisance 280 11 The rule in Rylands v Fletcher 305 12 Trespass 317 13 Liability for animals 353 14 Joint and several liability 366 15 Vicarious liability 372 16 Remedies in tort 391 Appendix: Answering examination questions 418 Glossary 423 Index 429 v A01_ELLI9338_07_SE_FM.QXD 4/28/09 11:12 AM Page vi A01_ELLI9338_07_SE_FM.QXD 4/28/09 11:12 AM Page vii Contents Guided tour xiv Preface xvii Table of cases xix Tables of statutes, statutory instruments and European legislation xxxiii 1 Tort law: an introduction 1 Comparing tort with other legal wrongs 2 The role of policy 3 Tort and the requirement of fault 4 Reasons for a requirement of fault 6 Arguments against a requirement of fault 7 Alternative methods of compensation for personal injury 8 Reform of the tort system 12 Answering questions 14 Summary of Chapter 1 14 Reading list 15 Reading on the Internet 16 2 Negligence 17 The duty of care 18 Development of the duty of care 19 Duties of care: the Caparotest 23 Duties of care: pure economic loss 27 Duties of care: psychiatric injury or ‘nervous shock’ 42 Duties of care: omissions 59 Duties of care: liability for the acts of third parties 61 Duties of care: special groups 64 Breach of a duty of care 82 The standard of reasonableness 83 Damage 96 Causation 99 The ‘but for’ test 99 Multiple causes 101 Intervening events 107 vii A01_ELLI9338_07_SE_FM.QXD 4/28/09 11:12 AM Page viii Contents Remoteness of damage 109 The tests for remoteness 109 Proving negligence 114 Defences 116 Contributory negligence 116 Volenti non fit injuria (consent) 119 Illegality 123 Statutory authority 125 Inapplicable defences 125 Time limits 126 Personal injury cases 128 Reform of limitation periods 131 Criticisms of negligence law 132 Compensating victims of harm 132 Marking fault 134 Deterring carelessness 135 Spreading risk 136 Individualism and negligence 136 An economic solution? 137 Answering questions 137 Summary of Chapter 2 140 Reading list 143 Reading on the Internet 144 3 Employers’ liability 146 The employer’s personal duty 147 Types of harm 151 The scope of the employer’s duty 156 Defences 158 Answering questions 158 Summary of Chapter 3 159 Reading list 160 Reading on the Internet 160 4 Occupiers’ liability 161 Who is an occupier? 162 What must they occupy? 163 Liability to visitors: Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957 163 Defences under the 1957 Act 168 Liability to trespassers: Occupiers’ Liability Act 1984 170 Defences under the 1984 Act 174 Answering questions 176 Summary of Chapter 4 177 viii A01_ELLI9338_07_SE_FM.QXD 4/28/09 11:12 AM Page ix Contents Reading list 178 Reading on the Internet 178 5 Product liability 179 Product liability in contract 180 Product liability in tort 182 The Consumer Protection Act 1987 188 Other remedies for defective products 199 Answering questions 200 Summary of Chapter 5 201 Reading list 203 Reading on the Internet 203 6 Breach of statutory duty 204 Scope of the tort 205 Elements of the tort 209 Defences 212 Problems with statutory torts 212 Breach of EU legislation 213 Answering questions 213 Summary of Chapter 6 213 Reading list 214 Reading on the Internet 214 7 Deceit 216 Elements of the tort 217 Answering questions 222 Summary of Chapter 7 223 Reading list 224 Reading on the Internet 224 8 Defamation 225 Elements of defamation 226 Parties to a defamation action 234 Defences 235 Procedural issues 250 Remedies for defamation 250 Issues in defamation 253 Answering questions 257 Summary of Chapter 8 258 ix

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