Torn in two : 150th anniversary of the Civil War ; an exhibition from the collections of the Boston Public Library, May 12 to December 31, 2011

2011·7.1 MB·English

by  Boston Public Library. Norman B. Leventhal Map Center

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150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE
An exhibition organized by the
Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Pubhc Library
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150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE
'' from the collections ofthe
Boston Public Library
MAY TO DECEMBER
12 31, 2011
Exhibition Catalog Written by
Ronald E. Grim and Debra Block, with contributions by Angela Bonds,
Stephanie Cyr, Monique Doyle Spencer, and Catherine Wood
Editedby
Janet H. Spitz and Dale Rosen
Forewordby
Amy E. Ryan
PRESIDENT, BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY
Essays by
Debra Newman Ham, Susan Schulten, David Bosse, Richard F. Miller and
Ronald E. Grim
Publuihedby
The Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library
BOSTON, 2011
Ensign, Bridgman & Fanning, OURNATION'SHEROES. NewYork, 1863. Printedmap,53x24inche.i.
Norman B. Leventhal Map Center
at the Boston Public Library
700 Boylston Street
MA
Boston, 02116
© 2011 by The Norman B. Leventhal Map Center, Inc.
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States ofAmerica
ISBN 978-0-615-47402-1 (soft cover)
Designed by one2tree Printed by Universal
•
[Backcover]
[PANORAMICVIEWOFTHEGETTYSBURGBATTLEFIELD]
Ca. 1866.Printec)map, 16x16iiichej.
lElIlIf101 f001
The Grolier Club, Ne^v York
FEBRUARY 22 TO APRIL 28, 2012
Osher Map Library, Portland, Maine
APRIL 1 TO AUGUST 30, 2013
T^lLl OF COlTllTi
Foreword, by Amy E. Ryan
liiAYi
8 Introduction
1 "ThenceforwardandForeverFree: "ABriefOi'erviewoftheQue<itforEmancipation in the UnitedStates)
Debra Newman Ham
20 Mapping the SectionalCruiui: Cotton, Slaveiy, andthe StrengthoftheRebelLion
Susan Schulten
30 TheParlor War: Civil WarMap^i in thePopularMedia
David Bosse
38 TheBattleofBalUBluff Would TerrainMapjHaveMadeaDifference?
Richard F. Miller
48 Rememberingthe WarthroughMapd: Creating the Geth/iihurgPodt-BattleMapd
Ronald E. Grim
€Af ALOO OF Til lElIlIf101
60 BEFORE THE WAR • Rising Tensions
One Country, Two Cultured
Anti-SlaveryMovement
Sectionalismand We<fternExpan^iion
90 DURING THE WAR • * Nation in Conflict
GeograplryofWar
LivingRoom War
Bodton —EngineofWar
130 AFTER THE WAR ••• Heroes Remembered
Gettysburg
BodtonRememberd
148 Bibliography
150 Acknowledgements and Sponsors
The Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Pubhc Library has taken the lead in
commemorating the Civil War with the exhibition TORN IN TWO, 150thAiiiiwer^faiyof
the Civil War, displayed in the historic McKim Building in Copley Square. Torn in Two is a
groundbreaking exhibition and serves as the cornerstone ofthe Boston Public Library's cily-^vide
commitment to Civil War programming, exhibitions, and educational outreach thisyear.
While Torn in Two focuses on the conflict from 1861-1865, it also explores the causes ofthe
war and the process by-which the war is remembered through the lens offifty hrstorrc maps
and scores ofrare materials from the Irbrary's specral collections. Numbering over 1.2 million
items, these treasured manuscripts, artworks, and historic objects include a major archive of
anti-slavery documents, printed materials, and artifacts. Some ofthe highlights include Mathew
Brady's iconic photographs, apainting and prints by acclaimed artist Winslow Homer, Currier
& Ives political cartoons, and thousands ofmaps and other materials. Many ofthese items were
acquired through an endowment established by the 20th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment, one
ofthe most honored regiments ofthe Crvil War. It^vas and still remains atremendous gift.
There are manypeople to thank for making the Torn in Two exhibition possible. I am extremely
grateful to the entire Boston Public Library staffand the many supporters who have helped
to make this extensive Civil War-related programming possible. I especiallywant to thank
Norman Leventhal for his vision and generosityin creating the Map Center atthe Boston Public
Library. I also am very grateful to Alan and Sherry Leventhal who have supported this project
throughout the process. We are extremely fortunate to have Liberty Mutual, whose support of
the exhibition, national tour, catalog, andvirtual tour-will make it possible for people all over the
world to become acquainted with the Boston Public Library's great treasures.
Amy E. Ryan
Proident, Bo^itonPublicLibraiy
May
1,2011
Liberty Mutual takes great pleasure in sponsoring the Norman B.
Leventhal Map Center's presentation of TOMN IN TWO, 150thAnniversary of
the Civil War. We can think of no better way to mark the anniversary ofthis
conflict, one of the most cataclysmic and defining events in U.S. history,
than through education. We're sure the public will enjoy and appreciate
the richness ofwhat this exhibit represents: the history of our great country
—
on display at the Boston Public Library an architectural and educational
gem. As a global insurance company that has been proud to call Boston
its home for almost 100 years, v^e are pleased to join Norman Leventhal,
a man who has helped shape the city into what it is today, in making this
exhibition possible.
Edmund F. Kelly
Chairman and ChiefExecutive Officer, LibertyMutual Group
Liberty
MutuaL
BY RONALD E. GRIM, DEBRA BLOCK AND JANET H. SPITZ
In many ways, the Civil War communication, and produced and transmitted to a
represents a watershed in the manufacturing. These factors growing and eager audience.
history ofthe United States. led to the creation ofand The war greatlyincreased
As a result ofthe conflict, the eventual predominance ofan the desire for these images.
Federal government solidified urban middle class lifestyle. Maps in particular became
its dominance over the states. These changes were neither crucial to tell the story ofthe
The North won and it was its pervasive nor monolithicyet conflict. Those on the home
vision ofAmerica that would the veneer persisted that our frontwere desperate for news
prevail. Industrial production nation's motto, EPlurlbiu ofmilitary campaigns, both to
— —
in factories using a free labor Uimin "one out ofmany" locate loved ones and to learn
force would grow rapidly in had come to pass. And it would about hitherto unknown battle
the nation's cities. Despite be this middle class that would sites. Crucial to the successful
an expanding diversity in set the standard for apublic execution ofmilitary campaigns,
these bursting urban areas, culture. the absence ofreliable
increasingly dominated by The cities ofthe republic also cartographic information
the seemingly endless streams had a growing working class led to high casualties. The
ofimmigrants from Asia and that demanded its own leisure Federal government's practice
Europe, the rise ofmass media pursuits. All ofthese forces ofpreparing after-battle maps
created common reference combined to create strong was both a form ofhistorical
points that masked these demand for and the abilityto documentation as well as the
differences. supply awide variety ofprinted assertion ofa central authority
Yet what transpired was not materials. By the mid-19th that increasingly insisted on
a departure from what came century maps, photographs, uniform standards.
before but an acceleration lithographs, and other visual It is this wide range of
oftrends in transportation. mediawere quickly and easily popular media, so well