Table Of Content

J3162 Top300 fullcover.F.qxp:Layout 1 4/18/08 6:43 AM Page 1 CAREERS T 330000TM Part of JIST’s Top Careers Series ““AA hhaannddyy rreeffeerreennccee ffoorr iinnddiivviidduuaallss ffaacciinngg ccaarreeeerr cchhooiicceess..”” o ––AAmmeerriiccaann RReeffeerreennccee BBooookkss AAnnnnuuaall 330000 Top Top p C A R E E R S 33 ELEVENTH EDITION 00 TThhee rriigghhtt jjoobb ccaann mmaakkee aann eennoorrmmoouuss ddiiffffeerreennccee iinn yyoouurr ccaarreeeerr ssuucccceessss aanndd ssaattiissffaaccttiioonn.. 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A EEaassiillyy MMaattcchh YYoouurrsseellff ttoo tthhee RRiigghhtt CCaarreeeerr (cid:1) UUssee cchheecckklliissttss aanndd tthhee ““JJoobb--MMaattcchh GGrriidd”” ttoo aasssseessss yyoouurr sskkiillllss aanndd mmaattcchh tthheemm ttoo R ooccccuuppaattiioonnss. (cid:1) RReevviieeww ggrroouuppss ooff jjoobbss iinn tthhee ttaabbllee ooff ccoonntteennttss ttoo iiddeennttiiffyy ooccccuuppaattiioonnss ooff iinntteerreesstt.. (cid:1) SSeeee ““TToommoorrrrooww’’ss JJoobbss”” ffoorr aann oovveerrvviieeww ooff ttrreennddss aanndd ffaasstt--ggrroowwiinngg jjoobbss.. E Your Complete Guidebook to Major Jobs in OObbttaaiinn AAuutthhoorriittaattiivvee DDeettaaiillss oonn HHuunnddrreeddss ooff JJoobbss E Every Field (cid:1) LLeeaarrnn aabboouutt tthhee jjoobbss hheelldd bbyy aabboouutt 9900 ppeerrcceenntt ooff tthhee ppooppuullaattiioonn.. (cid:1) RReeaadd ssuummmmaarriieess ooff aa ccaarreeeerr’’ss ttaasskkss,, sskkiillll rreeqquuiirreemmeennttss,, wwoorrkk eennvviirroonnmmeenntt,, aanndd rreellaatteedd R jjoobbss,, pplluuss WWeebb ssiitteess ffoorr aaddddiittiioonnaall iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn.. ELEVE NTH EDI TION (cid:1) FFiinndd ffaaccttss oonn eedduuccaattiioonn aanndd ttrraaiinniinngg nneeeeddeedd,, ppaayy,, ggrroowwtthh,, aanndd aaddvvaanncceemmeenntt ooppppoorrttuunniittiieess,, S bbaasseedd oonn eexxtteennssiivvee rreesseeaarrcchh bbyy tthhee UU..SS.. DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff LLaabboorr.. SSllaasshh JJoobb SSeeaarrcchh TTiimmee iinn HHaallff wwiitthh tthhee QQuuiicckk JJoobb SSeeaarrcchh EExxpplloorree hhuunnddrreeddss ooff ccaarreeeerrss,, aasssseessss yyoouurr bbeesstt ccaarreeeerr ffiitt,, aanndd llaanndd aa jjoobb ffaasstt wwiitthh tthhiiss eexxtteennssiivvee,, aauutthhoorriittaattiivvee rreessoouurrccee.. (cid:1) GGeett rreessuullttss--oorriieenntteedd ccaarreeeerr ppllaannnniinngg aanndd jjoobb sseeaarrcchh aaddvviiccee iinn aa ssppeecciiaall (cid:1) (cid:1) Detailed, up-to-date descriptions of 300 jobs held by 90% of the workforce Self-assessment to match bbooookk--wwiitthhiinn--aa--bbooookk.. E (cid:1) (cid:1) DDeevveelloopp aa ““sskkiillllss llaanngguuaaggee”” ttoo ddeessccrriibbee yyoouurrsseellff.. E your personal skills to the jobs Proven advice to cut job search time in half—from Mike Farr, America’s L D career expert (cid:1) Education, training, and skills required (cid:1) Current salary ranges (cid:1) Growth projections (cid:1) LLeeaarrnn tthhee ttwwoo mmoosstt eeffffeeccttiivvee jjoobb sseeaarrcchh mmeetthhooddss.. E I V (cid:1) Advancement opportunities (cid:1) Work environments (cid:1) SSeeee rreessuummee eexxaammpplleess aanndd wwrriittee yyoouurr oowwnn ssuuppeerriioorr rreessuummee.. T E I (cid:1) GGeett ttwwoo iinntteerrvviieewwss aa ddaayy aanndd ddrraammaattiiccaallllyy iimmpprroovvee yyoouurr iinntteerrvviieewwiinngg sskkiillllss.. O N T N H Based on the Latest Edition of the 800–648–JIST www.jist.com $$1199..9955 HHiigghheerr iinn CCaannaaddaa Occupational Outlook Handbook by the U.S. Department of Labor 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page i 330000 Top C A R E E R S Your Complete Guidebook to Major Jobs in Every Field ELEVENTH EDITION Based on the Latest Edition of the Occupational Outlook Handbook by the U.S. Department of Labor 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page ii Top 300 Careers, Eleventh Edition Your Complete Guidebook to Major Jobs in Every Field © 2008 by JISTPublishing Published by JISTWorks, an imprint of JISTPublishing 7321 Shadeland Station, Suite 200 Indianapolis, IN 46256-3923 Phone: 800-648-JIST Fax: 877-454-7839 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.jist.com JIST’s Top CareersTMSeries: Some books by Michael Farr: Best Jobs for the 21st Century Top 300 Careers Overnight Career Choice Top 100 Health-Care Careers Next-Day Job Interview 100 Fastest-Growing Jobs Same-Day Resume Top 100 Careers Without a Four-Year Degree The Quick Resume & Cover Letter Book Top 100 Careers for College Graduates Top 100 Computer and Technical Careers Visit www.jist.com for free job search information, tables of contents, sample pages, and ordering information on our many products. Quantity discounts are available for JISTproducts. Have future editions of JISTbooks automatically delivered to you on publication through our convenient standing order program. Please call 800-648-JISTor visit www.jist.com for a free catalog and more information. Cover image: iStockphoto, Frank Walker, Studio 8 Printed in the United States of America 10 09 08 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in articles or reviews. Mak- ing copies of any part of this book for any purpose other than your own personal use is a violation of United States copyright laws. For permission requests, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center at www.copyright.com or (978) 750-8400. We have been careful to provide accurate information throughout this book, but it is possible that errors and omissions have been introduced. Please consider this in making any career plans or other important decisions. Trust your own judgment above all else and in all things. Trademarks: All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks of their respective owners. ISBN 978-1-59357-538-0 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page iii Relax. You Don’t Have to Read This Whole Book. In this single volume, you will find everything you need to ❇ Learn about all major jobs, including their tasks, pay, outlook, and required education and skills. ❇ Match your personal skills to the jobs. ❇ Take seven steps to land a good job in less time. Approximately 90 percent of all U.S. workers are employed in the jobs described in Top 300 Careers. The job descriptions offer a wealth of high-quality information from a respected source. An easy-to-use assessment helps you make a good career choice. The “Quick Job Search”section gives results-oriented advice by Mike Farr, Amer- ica’s best-selling career author. You don’t need to read the entire book. Just scan the table of contents to find the sections and the jobs that interest you most and fit your needs. Who Should Use This Book? Top 300 Careersis useful for a variety of people and situations. Students, job seekers, careerchangers, and careerexplorers: 1. Explore and plan your career.Review the table of contents to identify jobs that interest you. Then read their descriptions to select occupations for further consideration. The career assessment helps you focus your career options. 2. Consider more education or training.The information helps you avoid costly mistakes in choosing a career and deciding on additional training or education. 3. Find a job.Identify job targets, write targeted resumes, and prepare for interviews by knowing skills required, average pay, and other details about a job. Employers: Obtain accurate information to write job descriptions, establish salary ranges, and know what to look for when interviewing candidates. Counselors, instructors, educators, librarians, and careerspecialists: Find up-to-date, reliable career informa- tion to assist others. Source of Information The job descriptions are based on the latest edition of the Occupational Outlook Handbook from the good people at the U.S. Department of Labor. The Occupational Outlook Handbook is updated every two years to provide the most current, accurate information on major jobs. Thank you to all the people at the Department of Labor. It is safe to say that the occupational information in this book is the most respected and widely used anywhere. iii 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page iv Contents Detailed Contents Summary of Major Sections Introduction: Provides an explanation of the Introduction ..............................................viii job descriptions, how best to use the book, and Tomorrow’s Jobs............................................xv other details. Begins on page viii. Using the Job-Match Grid to Tomorrow’s Jobs: Reviews major trends that Choose a Career ..........................................1 may affect your career. Begins on page xv. The Job Descriptions ....................................25 Using the Job-Match Grid to Choose a Career: Match your skills and preferences to Management and Business and the jobs in this book. Begins on page 1. Financial Operations Occupations The Job Descriptions: Gives thorough Management Occupations........................................................................26 descriptions of the most important jobs in the Administrative Services Managers..............................................................26 labor force. Use this table of contents to look Advertising, Marketing, Promotions, Public Relations, and Sales Managers......................................................................................28 up jobs within clusters, or use the jobs index at Computer and Information Systems Managers..........................................31 the back of the book. The descriptions are well Construction Managers................................................................................34 Education Administrators............................................................................36 written and packed with information, includ- Engineering and Natural Sciences Managers..............................................40 ing an overview of the job, outlook, earnings, Farmers, Ranchers, and Agricultural Managers..........................................43 education needed, working conditions, and Financial Managers ....................................................................................46 Food Service Managers..............................................................................49 additional information sources. Begins on Funeral Directors........................................................................................52 page 25. Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Managers and Specialists ..............................................................................................54 Occupational Information Network Cover- Industrial Production Managers..................................................................59 age: Features a table that lists Occupational Lodging Managers......................................................................................61 Medical and Health Services Managers......................................................64 Information Network (O*NET) codes and cor- Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers..................66 responding job titles. Includes page numbers Purchasing Managers, Buyers, and Purchasing Agents..............................69 Top Executives............................................................................................73 that cross-reference the job descriptions in this book. Begins on page 750. Business and Financial Operations Occupations ..................................76 Accountants and Auditors ..........................................................................76 Quick Job Search: This book-within-a-book Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate....................................................80 Budget Analysts..........................................................................................84 provides results-oriented career planning and Claims Adjusters, Appraisers, Examiners, and Investigators ....................86 job-seeking skills. It was written by Mike Farr, Cost Estimators............................................................................................90 America’s best-selling career author. Begins Financial Analysts and Personal Financial Advisors..................................93 Insurance Underwriters ..............................................................................96 on page 759. Loan Officers..............................................................................................98 Management Analysts ..............................................................................101 Index: Lists all jobs mentioned in this book in Meeting and Convention Planners............................................................103 alphabetical order. Begins on page 805. Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents ....................................107 iv 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page v Table of Contents v Teachers—Adult Literacy and Remedial Education................................245 Professional and Related Occupations Teachers—Postsecondary..........................................................................248 Teachers—Preschool, Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle, Computerand Mathematical Occupations ..........................................111 and Secondary......................................................................................252 Actuaries....................................................................................................111 Teachers—Self-Enrichment Education ....................................................256 Computer Programmers............................................................................114 Teachers—Special Education....................................................................258 Computer Scientists and Database Administrators ..................................117 Computer Software Engineers..................................................................120 Art and Design Occupations..................................................................261 Computer Support Specialists and Systems Administrators....................123 Artists and Related Workers......................................................................261 Computer Systems Analysts......................................................................126 Commercial and Industrial Designers......................................................264 Mathematicians..........................................................................................128 Fashion Designers ....................................................................................266 Operations Research Analysts..................................................................130 Floral Designers........................................................................................269 Statisticians................................................................................................132 Graphic Designers ....................................................................................271 Interior Designers......................................................................................273 Architects, Surveyors, and Cartographers ..........................................135 Architects, Except Landscape and Naval..................................................135 Entertainers and Performers, Sports and Related Occupations........276 Landscape Architects................................................................................137 Actors, Producers, and Directors..............................................................276 Surveyors, Cartographers, Photogrammetrists, and Surveying Athletes, Coaches, Umpires, and Related Workers..................................279 and Mapping Technicians....................................................................140 Dancers and Choreographers....................................................................283 Musicians, Singers, and Related Workers................................................285 Engineers..................................................................................................144 Media and Communications-Related Occupations..............................287 Drafters and Engineering Technicians..................................................153 Announcers................................................................................................287 Drafters......................................................................................................153 Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians and Radio Engineering Technicians ..........................................................................156 Operators..............................................................................................290 Life Scientists ..........................................................................................159 Interpreters and Translators......................................................................292 Agricultural and Food Scientists..............................................................159 News Analysts, Reporters, and Correspondents ......................................297 Biological Scientists..................................................................................162 Photographers............................................................................................299 Conservation Scientists and Foresters......................................................166 Public Relations Specialists......................................................................302 Medical Scientists......................................................................................170 Television, Video, and Motion Picture Camera Operators and Editors............................................................................................304 Physical Scientists....................................................................................173 Writers and Editors....................................................................................306 Atmospheric Scientists..............................................................................173 Chemists and Materials Scientists............................................................176 Health Diagnosing and Treating Occupations......................................310 Environmental Scientists and Hydrologists..............................................179 Audiologists..............................................................................................310 Geoscientists..............................................................................................182 Chiropractors ............................................................................................312 Physicists and Astronomers......................................................................185 Dentists......................................................................................................314 Dietitians and Nutritionists........................................................................316 Social Scientists and Related Occupations............................................188 Occupational Therapists............................................................................318 Economists................................................................................................188 Optometrists..............................................................................................321 Market and Survey Researchers................................................................191 Pharmacists................................................................................................323 Psychologists............................................................................................193 Physical Therapists....................................................................................325 Urban and Regional Planners....................................................................197 Physician Assistants..................................................................................327 Social Scientists, Other ............................................................................199 Physicians and Surgeons ..........................................................................329 Podiatrists..................................................................................................332 Science Technicians ................................................................................203 Radiation Therapists..................................................................................335 Community and Social Services Occupations......................................207 Recreational Therapists ............................................................................337 Counselors ................................................................................................207 Registered Nurses......................................................................................338 Health Educators ......................................................................................211 Respiratory Therapists..............................................................................343 Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists......................213 Speech-Language Pathologists..................................................................346 Social and Human Service Assistants ......................................................215 Veterinarians..............................................................................................348 Social Workers..........................................................................................217 Health Technologists and Technicians..................................................351 Legal Occupations ..................................................................................221 Athletic Trainers........................................................................................351 Court Reporters ........................................................................................221 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians........................................353 Judges, Magistrates, and Other Judicial Workers ....................................224 Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians ................................356 Lawyers ....................................................................................................227 Dental Hygienists......................................................................................359 Paralegals and Legal Assistants................................................................230 Diagnostic Medical Sonographers............................................................360 Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics....................................363 Education, Training, Library, and Museum Occupations..................233 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses................................365 Archivists, Curators, and Museum Technicians........................................233 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians............................367 Instructional Coordinators........................................................................236 Nuclear Medicine Technologists..............................................................369 Librarians..................................................................................................238 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists and Technicians..................371 Library Technicians..................................................................................241 Opticians, Dispensing................................................................................374 Teacher Assistants ....................................................................................243 © JISTWorks 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page vi vi Top300Careers Pharmacy Technicians..............................................................................376 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks......................................490 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians ..............................................378 Gaming Cage Workers..............................................................................492 Surgical Technologists..............................................................................380 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks ..............................................................494 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians................................................382 Procurement Clerks ..................................................................................495 Tellers........................................................................................................497 Service Occupations Information and Record Clerks............................................................499 Brokerage Clerks......................................................................................499 Healthcare Support Occupations..........................................................385 Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks................................................501 Dental Assistants ......................................................................................385 Customer Service Representatives............................................................502 Massage Therapists ..................................................................................387 File Clerks ................................................................................................505 Medical Assistants....................................................................................389 Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks......................................................507 Medical Transcriptionists..........................................................................391 Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping..............508 Nursing, Psychiatric, and Home Health Aides..........................................393 Interviewers ..............................................................................................510 Occupational Therapist Assistants and Aides ..........................................396 Library Assistants, Clerical ......................................................................512 Pharmacy Aides........................................................................................398 Order Clerks..............................................................................................514 Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides ..................................................400 Receptionists and Information Clerks......................................................515 Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks............517 Protective Service Occupations..............................................................402 Correctional Officers................................................................................402 Material Recording, Scheduling, Dispatching, and Fire Fighting Occupations........................................................................404 Distributing Occupations..................................................................519 Police and Detectives................................................................................407 Cargo and Freight Agents..........................................................................519 Private Detectives and Investigators ........................................................411 Couriers and Messengers..........................................................................520 Security Guards and Gaming Surveillance Officers................................414 Dispatchers................................................................................................522 Meter Readers, Utilities............................................................................524 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations..........................417 Postal Service Workers..............................................................................525 Chefs, Cooks, and Food Preparation Workers..........................................417 Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks ..........................................528 Food and Beverage Serving and Related Workers....................................421 Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks..................................................529 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations......425 Stock Clerks and Order Fillers..................................................................531 Building Cleaning Workers......................................................................425 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping..............532 Grounds Maintenance Workers................................................................427 OtherOffice and Administrative Support Occupations......................533 Pest Control Workers................................................................................430 Communications Equipment Operators....................................................533 Personal Care and Service Occupations ..............................................433 Computer Operators..................................................................................536 Animal Care and Service Workers............................................................433 Data Entry and Information Processing Workers......................................538 Barbers, Cosmetologists, and Other Personal Appearance Desktop Publishers....................................................................................540 Workers................................................................................................436 Office and Administrative Support Worker Supervisors Child Care Workers..................................................................................438 and Managers........................................................................................542 Fitness Workers ........................................................................................441 Office Clerks, General..............................................................................544 Flight Attendants ......................................................................................444 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants................................................546 Gaming Services Occupations..................................................................446 Personal and Home Care Aides................................................................449 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations Recreation Workers ..................................................................................451 Agricultural Workers................................................................................550 Fishers and Fishing Vessel Operators ......................................................553 Sales and Related Occupations Forest, Conservation, and Logging Workers............................................555 Advertising Sales Agents..........................................................................454 Cashiers ....................................................................................................456 Construction Trades and Related Workers Counter and Rental Clerks........................................................................458 Demonstrators, Product Promoters, and Models......................................460 Boilermakers..............................................................................................559 Insurance Sales Agents..............................................................................463 Brickmasons, Blockmasons, and Stonemasons........................................561 Real Estate Brokers and Sales Agents......................................................467 Carpenters..................................................................................................564 Retail Salespersons....................................................................................470 Carpet, Floor, and Tile Installers and Finishers........................................566 Sales Engineers..........................................................................................472 Cement Masons, Concrete Finishers, Segmental Pavers, Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing..............................474 and Terrazzo Workers ..........................................................................569 Sales Worker Supervisors..........................................................................477 Construction and Building Inspectors......................................................572 Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents ..............480 Construction Equipment Operators..........................................................575 Travel Agents............................................................................................484 Construction Laborers ..............................................................................578 Drywall Installers, Ceiling Tile Installers, and Tapers..............................580 Electricians................................................................................................583 Office and Administrative Support Occupations Elevator Installers and Repairers..............................................................586 Glaziers......................................................................................................588 Financial Clerks......................................................................................487 Hazardous Materials Removal Workers....................................................590 Bill and Account Collectors......................................................................487 Insulation Workers....................................................................................593 Billing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators..................................488 Painters and Paperhangers........................................................................595 ©© JJIISSTTWWoorrkkss 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page vii Table of Contents vii Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters..................................598 Machinists..................................................................................................672 Plasterers and Stucco Masons ..................................................................601 Tool and Die Makers................................................................................675 Roofers......................................................................................................603 Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Workers................................................677 Sheet Metal Workers ................................................................................605 Printing Occupations..............................................................................680 Structural and Reinforcing Iron and Metal Workers................................608 Bookbinders and Bindery Workers ..........................................................680 Prepress Technicians and Workers............................................................682 Installation, Maintenance, and Printing Machine Operators......................................................................684 Repair Occupations Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Occupations ..................................686 Electrical and Electronic Equipment Mechanics, Installers, Woodworkers ..........................................................................................690 and Repairers......................................................................................611 Plant and System Operators..................................................................693 Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers..................611 Power Plant Operators, Distributors, and Dispatchers..............................693 Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers..................................613 Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators..............................................695 Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers Water and Liquid Waste Treatment Plant and System Operators............697 and Repairers........................................................................................616 Radio and Telecommunications Equipment Installers OtherProduction Occupations..............................................................700 and Repairers........................................................................................617 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers..............................700 Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers......................................702 Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Mechanics, Installers, Medical, Dental, and Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians......................705 and Repairers......................................................................................621 Painting and Coating Workers, Except Construction Aircraft and Avionics Equipment Mechanics and Service and Maintenance..................................................................................709 Technicians ..........................................................................................621 Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators........711 Automotive Body and Related Repairers..................................................624 Semiconductor Processors........................................................................713 Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics......................................626 Diesel Service Technicians and Mechanics..............................................630 Heavy Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Service Technicians Transportation and Material Moving Occupations and Mechanics......................................................................................632 Small Engine Mechanics..........................................................................635 AirTransportation Occupations............................................................716 Air Traffic Controllers..............................................................................716 OtherInstallation, Maintenance, and RepairOccupations................637 Aircraft Pilots and Flight Engineers..........................................................718 Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers........................................................................................637 Material Moving Occupations................................................................722 Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers........................................................................................639 MotorVehicle Operators........................................................................725 Home Appliance Repairers........................................................................643 Bus Drivers................................................................................................725 Industrial Machinery Mechanics and Maintenance Workers....................645 Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs ....................................................................728 Line Installers and Repairers....................................................................648 Truck Drivers and Driver/Sales Workers..................................................731 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General..............................................650 Rail Transportation Occupations..........................................................735 Millwrights................................................................................................652 WaterTransportation Occupations ................................................738 Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers........................................654 Job Opportunities in the Armed Forces ........742 Production Occupations Occupational Information Assemblers and Fabricators..................................................................659 Network Coverage ....................................750 Food Processing Occupations................................................................662 Quick Job Search........................................759 Metal Workers and Plastic Workers ....................................................666 Computer Control Programmers and Operators ......................................666 Index ........................................................805 Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders—Metal and Plastic..................669 © JISTWorks 01Introduction.qxp 4/22/2008 9:03 AM Page viii Introduction Occupational Information Included in This Handbook Top 300 Careers provides information on hundreds of occupations that comprise 9 out of 10 jobs in the economy. Because it covers so many occupations, it is best used as a reference and is not meant to be read from cover to cover. Begin by looking at the table of contents, in which similar occupations are grouped in clusters, or by looking at the index, in which occupations are listed alphabetically. Each job description follows a standard format, making it easier for you to compare occupations. This overview explains how the descriptions are organized. About Those Numbers at the Beginning of Each Job Description The numbers that appear just below the title of every job description are from the Occupational Information Net- work (O*NET), a system used by state employment service offices to classify applicants and job openings and by some career information centers and libraries to file occupational information. You can use the O*NETto search for occupations that match your skills, or you may search by keyword or O*NET code. For each occupation, O*NETreports information about different aspects of the job, including tasks performed, knowledge, skills, abilities, and work activities. It also lists interests; work styles, such as independence; and work values, such as achievement, that are well suited to the occupation. The O*NETranks and scores the descriptors in each category by their importance to the occupation. You can access the O*NET at http://www.online. onetcenter.org, and it is also available as a book—O*NETDictionary of Occupational Titles (JIST). Significant Points This section highlights key occupational characteristics discussed in the description. Nature of the Work What workers do on the job, what tools and equipment they use, and how closely they are supervised are discussed in this section. The description on fire fighting occupations, for example, gives a detailed account of the responsi- bilities of a firefighter, which include operating the fire hose, providing emergency medical care, and cleaning and maintaining equipment. Some descriptions mention alternative job titles or occupational specialties. The description viii 01Introduction.qxp 4/22/2008 9:03 AM Page ix Introduction ix on accountants and auditors, for example, discusses several specialties, including public accountants, management accountants, and internal auditors. Work environment.This subsection discuses the workplace, physical activities, and typical hours of workers in the occupation. It describes opportunities for part-time work, the extent of travel required, special equipment that is used, and the risk of injury that workers may face. In many occupations, people work regular business hours—40 hours a week, Monday through Friday—but many do not. The work setting can range from a hospital to a mall to an offshore oil rig. Truck drivers might be suscepti- ble to injury, while paramedics have high job-related stress. Semiconductor processors may wear protective cloth- ing or equipment, some construction laborers do physically demanding work, and top executives may travel frequently. Information on various worker characteristics, such as the average number of hours worked per week, is obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a survey of households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Economists in BLS consult many sources before making changes to the nature of the work section, or any other section, of a description. Usual sources include articles from newspapers, magazines, and professional journals, as well as the Web sites of professional associations, unions, and trade groups. Informa- tion found on the Internet or in periodicals is verified through interviews with individuals employed in the occupa- tion; professional associations; unions; and others with occupational knowledge, such as university professors and career counselors. Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement After you gather your initial impressions of what a job is all about, it is important to understand how to prepare for it. The “Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement” section explains the steps necessary to enter and advance in an occupation. Education and training.This subsection describes the most significant sources of education and training, the type of education or training preferred by employers, and the typical length of training. The type of education or train- ing required for each occupation varies, and two similar occupations can have very different requirements. For example, sales experience is particularly important for many sales jobs, but other sales jobs require formal post- secondary education, such as a bachelor’s degree. Licensure.The kinds of mandatory licenses or certifications associated with an occupation are described in this sub- section. To be certified or licensed, a worker usually is required to complete one or more training courses and pass one or more examinations. Most occupations do not have mandatory licensure or certification requirements, but those that do, for example, include lawyers, pharmacists, and social workers. Some occupations have numerous pro- fessional credentials granted by different organizations, in which case the most widely recognized organizations are listed. Other qualifications. Any additional qualifications that are not included in the previous subsections, such as the desirable skills, aptitudes, and personal characteristics that employers look for, would be discussed in this section. For example, meeting and convention planners must have excellent interpersonal and organizational skills and the ability to work under pressure and must pay attention to detail. For some entry-level jobs, personal characteristics are more important than formal training. Advancement. This subsection details possible advancement opportunities after gaining experience in an occupa- tion. Advancement can come in several forms, including advancement within the occupation, such as promotion to a management position; advancement into other occupations, such as leaving a job as a lawyer to become a judge; and advancement to self-employment, such as an automotive technician opening his or her own repair shop. Certain types of certification can serve as a form of advancement. Voluntary certification often demonstrates a level of com- petency to employers and can result in more responsibility, higher pay, or a new job. © JISTWorks

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Top 300 Careers: Your Complete Guidebook to Major Jobs in Every Field PDF

849 Pages·2008·13.41 MB·english
by  U. S. Department of Labor
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A EEaassiillyy MMaattcchh YYoouurrsseellff ttoo tthhee RRiigghhtt CCaarreeeerr (cid:1) UUssee cchheecckklliissttss aanndd tthhee ““JJoobb--MMaattcchh GGrriidd”” ttoo aasssseessss yyoouurr sskkiillllss aanndd mmaattcchh tthheemm ttoo R ooccccuuppaattiioonnss. (cid:1) RReevviieeww ggrroouuppss ooff jjoobbss iinn tthhee ttaabbllee ooff ccoonntteennttss ttoo iiddeennttiiffyy ooccccuuppaattiioonnss ooff iinntteerreesstt.. (cid:1) SSeeee ““TToommoorrrrooww’’ss JJoobbss”” ffoorr aann oovveerrvviieeww ooff ttrreennddss aanndd ffaasstt--ggrroowwiinngg jjoobbss.. E Your Complete Guidebook to Major Jobs in OObbttaaiinn AAuutthhoorriittaattiivvee DDeettaaiillss oonn HHuunnddrreeddss ooff JJoobbss E Every Field (cid:1) LLeeaarrnn aabboouutt tthhee jjoobbss hheelldd bbyy aabboouutt 9900 ppeerrcceenntt ooff tthhee ppooppuullaattiioonn.. (cid:1) RReeaadd ssuummmmaarriieess ooff aa ccaarreeeerr’’ss ttaasskkss,, sskkiillll rreeqquuiirreemmeennttss,, wwoorrkk eennvviirroonnmmeenntt,, aanndd rreellaatteedd R jjoobbss,, pplluuss WWeebb ssiitteess ffoorr aaddddiittiioonnaall iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn.. ELEVE NTH EDI TION (cid:1) FFiinndd ffaaccttss oonn eedduuccaattiioonn aanndd ttrraaiinniinngg nneeeeddeedd,, ppaayy,, ggrroowwtthh,, aanndd aaddvvaanncceemmeenntt ooppppoorrttuunniittiieess,, S bbaasseedd oonn eexxtteennssiivvee rreesseeaarrcchh bbyy tthhee UU..SS.. DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff LLaabboorr.. SSllaasshh JJoobb SSeeaarrcchh TTiimmee iinn HHaallff wwiitthh tthhee QQuuiicckk JJoobb SSeeaarrcchh EExxpplloorree hhuunnddrreeddss ooff ccaarreeeerrss,, aasssseessss yyoouurr bbeesstt ccaarreeeerr ffiitt,, aanndd llaanndd aa jjoobb ffaasstt wwiitthh tthhiiss eexxtteennssiivvee,, aauutthhoorriittaattiivvee rreessoouurrccee.. (cid:1) GGeett rreessuullttss--oorriieenntteedd ccaarreeeerr ppllaannnniinngg aanndd jjoobb sseeaarrcchh aaddvviiccee iinn aa ssppeecciiaall (cid:1) (cid:1) Detailed, up-to-date descriptions of 300 jobs held by 90% of the workforce Self-assessment to match bbooookk--wwiitthhiinn--aa--bbooookk.. E (cid:1) (cid:1) DDeevveelloopp aa ““sskkiillllss llaanngguuaaggee”” ttoo ddeessccrriibbee yyoouurrsseellff.. E your personal skills to the jobs Proven advice to cut job search time in half—from Mike Farr, America’s L D career expert (cid:1) Education, training, and skills required (cid:1) Current salary ranges (cid:1) Growth projections (cid:1) LLeeaarrnn tthhee ttwwoo mmoosstt eeffffeeccttiivvee jjoobb sseeaarrcchh mmeetthhooddss.. E I V (cid:1) Advancement opportunities (cid:1) Work environments (cid:1) SSeeee rreessuummee eexxaammpplleess aanndd wwrriittee yyoouurr oowwnn ssuuppeerriioorr rreessuummee.. T E I (cid:1) GGeett ttwwoo iinntteerrvviieewwss aa ddaayy aanndd ddrraammaattiiccaallllyy iimmpprroovvee yyoouurr iinntteerrvviieewwiinngg sskkiillllss.. O N T N H Based on the Latest Edition of the 800–648–JIST www.jist.com $$1199..9955 HHiigghheerr iinn CCaannaaddaa Occupational Outlook Handbook by the U.S. Department of Labor 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page i 330000 Top C A R E E R S Your Complete Guidebook to Major Jobs in Every Field ELEVENTH EDITION Based on the Latest Edition of the Occupational Outlook Handbook by the U.S. Department of Labor 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page ii Top 300 Careers, Eleventh Edition Your Complete Guidebook to Major Jobs in Every Field © 2008 by JISTPublishing Published by JISTWorks, an imprint of JISTPublishing 7321 Shadeland Station, Suite 200 Indianapolis, IN 46256-3923 Phone: 800-648-JIST Fax: 877-454-7839 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.jist.com JIST’s Top CareersTMSeries: Some books by Michael Farr: Best Jobs for the 21st Century Top 300 Careers Overnight Career Choice Top 100 Health-Care Careers Next-Day Job Interview 100 Fastest-Growing Jobs Same-Day Resume Top 100 Careers Without a Four-Year Degree The Quick Resume & Cover Letter Book Top 100 Careers for College Graduates Top 100 Computer and Technical Careers Visit www.jist.com for free job search information, tables of contents, sample pages, and ordering information on our many products. Quantity discounts are available for JISTproducts. Have future editions of JISTbooks automatically delivered to you on publication through our convenient standing order program. Please call 800-648-JISTor visit www.jist.com for a free catalog and more information. Cover image: iStockphoto, Frank Walker, Studio 8 Printed in the United States of America 10 09 08 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in articles or reviews. Mak- ing copies of any part of this book for any purpose other than your own personal use is a violation of United States copyright laws. For permission requests, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center at www.copyright.com or (978) 750-8400. We have been careful to provide accurate information throughout this book, but it is possible that errors and omissions have been introduced. Please consider this in making any career plans or other important decisions. Trust your own judgment above all else and in all things. Trademarks: All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks of their respective owners. ISBN 978-1-59357-538-0 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page iii Relax. You Don’t Have to Read This Whole Book. In this single volume, you will find everything you need to ❇ Learn about all major jobs, including their tasks, pay, outlook, and required education and skills. ❇ Match your personal skills to the jobs. ❇ Take seven steps to land a good job in less time. Approximately 90 percent of all U.S. workers are employed in the jobs described in Top 300 Careers. The job descriptions offer a wealth of high-quality information from a respected source. An easy-to-use assessment helps you make a good career choice. The “Quick Job Search”section gives results-oriented advice by Mike Farr, Amer- ica’s best-selling career author. You don’t need to read the entire book. Just scan the table of contents to find the sections and the jobs that interest you most and fit your needs. Who Should Use This Book? Top 300 Careersis useful for a variety of people and situations. Students, job seekers, careerchangers, and careerexplorers: 1. Explore and plan your career.Review the table of contents to identify jobs that interest you. Then read their descriptions to select occupations for further consideration. The career assessment helps you focus your career options. 2. Consider more education or training.The information helps you avoid costly mistakes in choosing a career and deciding on additional training or education. 3. Find a job.Identify job targets, write targeted resumes, and prepare for interviews by knowing skills required, average pay, and other details about a job. Employers: Obtain accurate information to write job descriptions, establish salary ranges, and know what to look for when interviewing candidates. Counselors, instructors, educators, librarians, and careerspecialists: Find up-to-date, reliable career informa- tion to assist others. Source of Information The job descriptions are based on the latest edition of the Occupational Outlook Handbook from the good people at the U.S. Department of Labor. The Occupational Outlook Handbook is updated every two years to provide the most current, accurate information on major jobs. Thank you to all the people at the Department of Labor. It is safe to say that the occupational information in this book is the most respected and widely used anywhere. iii 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page iv Contents Detailed Contents Summary of Major Sections Introduction: Provides an explanation of the Introduction ..............................................viii job descriptions, how best to use the book, and Tomorrow’s Jobs............................................xv other details. Begins on page viii. Using the Job-Match Grid to Tomorrow’s Jobs: Reviews major trends that Choose a Career ..........................................1 may affect your career. Begins on page xv. The Job Descriptions ....................................25 Using the Job-Match Grid to Choose a Career: Match your skills and preferences to Management and Business and the jobs in this book. Begins on page 1. Financial Operations Occupations The Job Descriptions: Gives thorough Management Occupations........................................................................26 descriptions of the most important jobs in the Administrative Services Managers..............................................................26 labor force. Use this table of contents to look Advertising, Marketing, Promotions, Public Relations, and Sales Managers......................................................................................28 up jobs within clusters, or use the jobs index at Computer and Information Systems Managers..........................................31 the back of the book. The descriptions are well Construction Managers................................................................................34 Education Administrators............................................................................36 written and packed with information, includ- Engineering and Natural Sciences Managers..............................................40 ing an overview of the job, outlook, earnings, Farmers, Ranchers, and Agricultural Managers..........................................43 education needed, working conditions, and Financial Managers ....................................................................................46 Food Service Managers..............................................................................49 additional information sources. Begins on Funeral Directors........................................................................................52 page 25. Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Managers and Specialists ..............................................................................................54 Occupational Information Network Cover- Industrial Production Managers..................................................................59 age: Features a table that lists Occupational Lodging Managers......................................................................................61 Medical and Health Services Managers......................................................64 Information Network (O*NET) codes and cor- Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers..................66 responding job titles. Includes page numbers Purchasing Managers, Buyers, and Purchasing Agents..............................69 Top Executives............................................................................................73 that cross-reference the job descriptions in this book. Begins on page 750. Business and Financial Operations Occupations ..................................76 Accountants and Auditors ..........................................................................76 Quick Job Search: This book-within-a-book Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate....................................................80 Budget Analysts..........................................................................................84 provides results-oriented career planning and Claims Adjusters, Appraisers, Examiners, and Investigators ....................86 job-seeking skills. It was written by Mike Farr, Cost Estimators............................................................................................90 America’s best-selling career author. Begins Financial Analysts and Personal Financial Advisors..................................93 Insurance Underwriters ..............................................................................96 on page 759. Loan Officers..............................................................................................98 Management Analysts ..............................................................................101 Index: Lists all jobs mentioned in this book in Meeting and Convention Planners............................................................103 alphabetical order. Begins on page 805. Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents ....................................107 iv 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page v Table of Contents v Teachers—Adult Literacy and Remedial Education................................245 Professional and Related Occupations Teachers—Postsecondary..........................................................................248 Teachers—Preschool, Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle, Computerand Mathematical Occupations ..........................................111 and Secondary......................................................................................252 Actuaries....................................................................................................111 Teachers—Self-Enrichment Education ....................................................256 Computer Programmers............................................................................114 Teachers—Special Education....................................................................258 Computer Scientists and Database Administrators ..................................117 Computer Software Engineers..................................................................120 Art and Design Occupations..................................................................261 Computer Support Specialists and Systems Administrators....................123 Artists and Related Workers......................................................................261 Computer Systems Analysts......................................................................126 Commercial and Industrial Designers......................................................264 Mathematicians..........................................................................................128 Fashion Designers ....................................................................................266 Operations Research Analysts..................................................................130 Floral Designers........................................................................................269 Statisticians................................................................................................132 Graphic Designers ....................................................................................271 Interior Designers......................................................................................273 Architects, Surveyors, and Cartographers ..........................................135 Architects, Except Landscape and Naval..................................................135 Entertainers and Performers, Sports and Related Occupations........276 Landscape Architects................................................................................137 Actors, Producers, and Directors..............................................................276 Surveyors, Cartographers, Photogrammetrists, and Surveying Athletes, Coaches, Umpires, and Related Workers..................................279 and Mapping Technicians....................................................................140 Dancers and Choreographers....................................................................283 Musicians, Singers, and Related Workers................................................285 Engineers..................................................................................................144 Media and Communications-Related Occupations..............................287 Drafters and Engineering Technicians..................................................153 Announcers................................................................................................287 Drafters......................................................................................................153 Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians and Radio Engineering Technicians ..........................................................................156 Operators..............................................................................................290 Life Scientists ..........................................................................................159 Interpreters and Translators......................................................................292 Agricultural and Food Scientists..............................................................159 News Analysts, Reporters, and Correspondents ......................................297 Biological Scientists..................................................................................162 Photographers............................................................................................299 Conservation Scientists and Foresters......................................................166 Public Relations Specialists......................................................................302 Medical Scientists......................................................................................170 Television, Video, and Motion Picture Camera Operators and Editors............................................................................................304 Physical Scientists....................................................................................173 Writers and Editors....................................................................................306 Atmospheric Scientists..............................................................................173 Chemists and Materials Scientists............................................................176 Health Diagnosing and Treating Occupations......................................310 Environmental Scientists and Hydrologists..............................................179 Audiologists..............................................................................................310 Geoscientists..............................................................................................182 Chiropractors ............................................................................................312 Physicists and Astronomers......................................................................185 Dentists......................................................................................................314 Dietitians and Nutritionists........................................................................316 Social Scientists and Related Occupations............................................188 Occupational Therapists............................................................................318 Economists................................................................................................188 Optometrists..............................................................................................321 Market and Survey Researchers................................................................191 Pharmacists................................................................................................323 Psychologists............................................................................................193 Physical Therapists....................................................................................325 Urban and Regional Planners....................................................................197 Physician Assistants..................................................................................327 Social Scientists, Other ............................................................................199 Physicians and Surgeons ..........................................................................329 Podiatrists..................................................................................................332 Science Technicians ................................................................................203 Radiation Therapists..................................................................................335 Community and Social Services Occupations......................................207 Recreational Therapists ............................................................................337 Counselors ................................................................................................207 Registered Nurses......................................................................................338 Health Educators ......................................................................................211 Respiratory Therapists..............................................................................343 Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists......................213 Speech-Language Pathologists..................................................................346 Social and Human Service Assistants ......................................................215 Veterinarians..............................................................................................348 Social Workers..........................................................................................217 Health Technologists and Technicians..................................................351 Legal Occupations ..................................................................................221 Athletic Trainers........................................................................................351 Court Reporters ........................................................................................221 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians........................................353 Judges, Magistrates, and Other Judicial Workers ....................................224 Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians ................................356 Lawyers ....................................................................................................227 Dental Hygienists......................................................................................359 Paralegals and Legal Assistants................................................................230 Diagnostic Medical Sonographers............................................................360 Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics....................................363 Education, Training, Library, and Museum Occupations..................233 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses................................365 Archivists, Curators, and Museum Technicians........................................233 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians............................367 Instructional Coordinators........................................................................236 Nuclear Medicine Technologists..............................................................369 Librarians..................................................................................................238 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists and Technicians..................371 Library Technicians..................................................................................241 Opticians, Dispensing................................................................................374 Teacher Assistants ....................................................................................243 © JISTWorks 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page vi vi Top300Careers Pharmacy Technicians..............................................................................376 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks......................................490 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians ..............................................378 Gaming Cage Workers..............................................................................492 Surgical Technologists..............................................................................380 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks ..............................................................494 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians................................................382 Procurement Clerks ..................................................................................495 Tellers........................................................................................................497 Service Occupations Information and Record Clerks............................................................499 Brokerage Clerks......................................................................................499 Healthcare Support Occupations..........................................................385 Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks................................................501 Dental Assistants ......................................................................................385 Customer Service Representatives............................................................502 Massage Therapists ..................................................................................387 File Clerks ................................................................................................505 Medical Assistants....................................................................................389 Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks......................................................507 Medical Transcriptionists..........................................................................391 Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping..............508 Nursing, Psychiatric, and Home Health Aides..........................................393 Interviewers ..............................................................................................510 Occupational Therapist Assistants and Aides ..........................................396 Library Assistants, Clerical ......................................................................512 Pharmacy Aides........................................................................................398 Order Clerks..............................................................................................514 Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides ..................................................400 Receptionists and Information Clerks......................................................515 Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks............517 Protective Service Occupations..............................................................402 Correctional Officers................................................................................402 Material Recording, Scheduling, Dispatching, and Fire Fighting Occupations........................................................................404 Distributing Occupations..................................................................519 Police and Detectives................................................................................407 Cargo and Freight Agents..........................................................................519 Private Detectives and Investigators ........................................................411 Couriers and Messengers..........................................................................520 Security Guards and Gaming Surveillance Officers................................414 Dispatchers................................................................................................522 Meter Readers, Utilities............................................................................524 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations..........................417 Postal Service Workers..............................................................................525 Chefs, Cooks, and Food Preparation Workers..........................................417 Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks ..........................................528 Food and Beverage Serving and Related Workers....................................421 Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks..................................................529 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations......425 Stock Clerks and Order Fillers..................................................................531 Building Cleaning Workers......................................................................425 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping..............532 Grounds Maintenance Workers................................................................427 OtherOffice and Administrative Support Occupations......................533 Pest Control Workers................................................................................430 Communications Equipment Operators....................................................533 Personal Care and Service Occupations ..............................................433 Computer Operators..................................................................................536 Animal Care and Service Workers............................................................433 Data Entry and Information Processing Workers......................................538 Barbers, Cosmetologists, and Other Personal Appearance Desktop Publishers....................................................................................540 Workers................................................................................................436 Office and Administrative Support Worker Supervisors Child Care Workers..................................................................................438 and Managers........................................................................................542 Fitness Workers ........................................................................................441 Office Clerks, General..............................................................................544 Flight Attendants ......................................................................................444 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants................................................546 Gaming Services Occupations..................................................................446 Personal and Home Care Aides................................................................449 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations Recreation Workers ..................................................................................451 Agricultural Workers................................................................................550 Fishers and Fishing Vessel Operators ......................................................553 Sales and Related Occupations Forest, Conservation, and Logging Workers............................................555 Advertising Sales Agents..........................................................................454 Cashiers ....................................................................................................456 Construction Trades and Related Workers Counter and Rental Clerks........................................................................458 Demonstrators, Product Promoters, and Models......................................460 Boilermakers..............................................................................................559 Insurance Sales Agents..............................................................................463 Brickmasons, Blockmasons, and Stonemasons........................................561 Real Estate Brokers and Sales Agents......................................................467 Carpenters..................................................................................................564 Retail Salespersons....................................................................................470 Carpet, Floor, and Tile Installers and Finishers........................................566 Sales Engineers..........................................................................................472 Cement Masons, Concrete Finishers, Segmental Pavers, Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing..............................474 and Terrazzo Workers ..........................................................................569 Sales Worker Supervisors..........................................................................477 Construction and Building Inspectors......................................................572 Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents ..............480 Construction Equipment Operators..........................................................575 Travel Agents............................................................................................484 Construction Laborers ..............................................................................578 Drywall Installers, Ceiling Tile Installers, and Tapers..............................580 Electricians................................................................................................583 Office and Administrative Support Occupations Elevator Installers and Repairers..............................................................586 Glaziers......................................................................................................588 Financial Clerks......................................................................................487 Hazardous Materials Removal Workers....................................................590 Bill and Account Collectors......................................................................487 Insulation Workers....................................................................................593 Billing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators..................................488 Painters and Paperhangers........................................................................595 ©© JJIISSTTWWoorrkkss 00FM.qxp 4/22/2008 9:02 AM Page vii Table of Contents vii Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters..................................598 Machinists..................................................................................................672 Plasterers and Stucco Masons ..................................................................601 Tool and Die Makers................................................................................675 Roofers......................................................................................................603 Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Workers................................................677 Sheet Metal Workers ................................................................................605 Printing Occupations..............................................................................680 Structural and Reinforcing Iron and Metal Workers................................608 Bookbinders and Bindery Workers ..........................................................680 Prepress Technicians and Workers............................................................682 Installation, Maintenance, and Printing Machine Operators......................................................................684 Repair Occupations Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Occupations ..................................686 Electrical and Electronic Equipment Mechanics, Installers, Woodworkers ..........................................................................................690 and Repairers......................................................................................611 Plant and System Operators..................................................................693 Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers..................611 Power Plant Operators, Distributors, and Dispatchers..............................693 Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers..................................613 Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators..............................................695 Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers Water and Liquid Waste Treatment Plant and System Operators............697 and Repairers........................................................................................616 Radio and Telecommunications Equipment Installers OtherProduction Occupations..............................................................700 and Repairers........................................................................................617 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers..............................700 Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers......................................702 Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Mechanics, Installers, Medical, Dental, and Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians......................705 and Repairers......................................................................................621 Painting and Coating Workers, Except Construction Aircraft and Avionics Equipment Mechanics and Service and Maintenance..................................................................................709 Technicians ..........................................................................................621 Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators........711 Automotive Body and Related Repairers..................................................624 Semiconductor Processors........................................................................713 Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics......................................626 Diesel Service Technicians and Mechanics..............................................630 Heavy Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Service Technicians Transportation and Material Moving Occupations and Mechanics......................................................................................632 Small Engine Mechanics..........................................................................635 AirTransportation Occupations............................................................716 Air Traffic Controllers..............................................................................716 OtherInstallation, Maintenance, and RepairOccupations................637 Aircraft Pilots and Flight Engineers..........................................................718 Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers........................................................................................637 Material Moving Occupations................................................................722 Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers........................................................................................639 MotorVehicle Operators........................................................................725 Home Appliance Repairers........................................................................643 Bus Drivers................................................................................................725 Industrial Machinery Mechanics and Maintenance Workers....................645 Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs ....................................................................728 Line Installers and Repairers....................................................................648 Truck Drivers and Driver/Sales Workers..................................................731 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General..............................................650 Rail Transportation Occupations..........................................................735 Millwrights................................................................................................652 WaterTransportation Occupations ................................................738 Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers........................................654 Job Opportunities in the Armed Forces ........742 Production Occupations Occupational Information Assemblers and Fabricators..................................................................659 Network Coverage ....................................750 Food Processing Occupations................................................................662 Quick Job Search........................................759 Metal Workers and Plastic Workers ....................................................666 Computer Control Programmers and Operators ......................................666 Index ........................................................805 Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders—Metal and Plastic..................669 © JISTWorks 01Introduction.qxp 4/22/2008 9:03 AM Page viii Introduction Occupational Information Included in This Handbook Top 300 Careers provides information on hundreds of occupations that comprise 9 out of 10 jobs in the economy. Because it covers so many occupations, it is best used as a reference and is not meant to be read from cover to cover. Begin by looking at the table of contents, in which similar occupations are grouped in clusters, or by looking at the index, in which occupations are listed alphabetically. Each job description follows a standard format, making it easier for you to compare occupations. This overview explains how the descriptions are organized. About Those Numbers at the Beginning of Each Job Description The numbers that appear just below the title of every job description are from the Occupational Information Net- work (O*NET), a system used by state employment service offices to classify applicants and job openings and by some career information centers and libraries to file occupational information. You can use the O*NETto search for occupations that match your skills, or you may search by keyword or O*NET code. For each occupation, O*NETreports information about different aspects of the job, including tasks performed, knowledge, skills, abilities, and work activities. It also lists interests; work styles, such as independence; and work values, such as achievement, that are well suited to the occupation. The O*NETranks and scores the descriptors in each category by their importance to the occupation. You can access the O*NET at http://www.online. onetcenter.org, and it is also available as a book—O*NETDictionary of Occupational Titles (JIST). Significant Points This section highlights key occupational characteristics discussed in the description. Nature of the Work What workers do on the job, what tools and equipment they use, and how closely they are supervised are discussed in this section. The description on fire fighting occupations, for example, gives a detailed account of the responsi- bilities of a firefighter, which include operating the fire hose, providing emergency medical care, and cleaning and maintaining equipment. Some descriptions mention alternative job titles or occupational specialties. The description viii 01Introduction.qxp 4/22/2008 9:03 AM Page ix Introduction ix on accountants and auditors, for example, discusses several specialties, including public accountants, management accountants, and internal auditors. Work environment.This subsection discuses the workplace, physical activities, and typical hours of workers in the occupation. It describes opportunities for part-time work, the extent of travel required, special equipment that is used, and the risk of injury that workers may face. In many occupations, people work regular business hours—40 hours a week, Monday through Friday—but many do not. The work setting can range from a hospital to a mall to an offshore oil rig. Truck drivers might be suscepti- ble to injury, while paramedics have high job-related stress. Semiconductor processors may wear protective cloth- ing or equipment, some construction laborers do physically demanding work, and top executives may travel frequently. Information on various worker characteristics, such as the average number of hours worked per week, is obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a survey of households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Economists in BLS consult many sources before making changes to the nature of the work section, or any other section, of a description. Usual sources include articles from newspapers, magazines, and professional journals, as well as the Web sites of professional associations, unions, and trade groups. Informa- tion found on the Internet or in periodicals is verified through interviews with individuals employed in the occupa- tion; professional associations; unions; and others with occupational knowledge, such as university professors and career counselors. Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement After you gather your initial impressions of what a job is all about, it is important to understand how to prepare for it. The “Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement” section explains the steps necessary to enter and advance in an occupation. Education and training.This subsection describes the most significant sources of education and training, the type of education or training preferred by employers, and the typical length of training. The type of education or train- ing required for each occupation varies, and two similar occupations can have very different requirements. For example, sales experience is particularly important for many sales jobs, but other sales jobs require formal post- secondary education, such as a bachelor’s degree. Licensure.The kinds of mandatory licenses or certifications associated with an occupation are described in this sub- section. To be certified or licensed, a worker usually is required to complete one or more training courses and pass one or more examinations. Most occupations do not have mandatory licensure or certification requirements, but those that do, for example, include lawyers, pharmacists, and social workers. Some occupations have numerous pro- fessional credentials granted by different organizations, in which case the most widely recognized organizations are listed. Other qualifications. Any additional qualifications that are not included in the previous subsections, such as the desirable skills, aptitudes, and personal characteristics that employers look for, would be discussed in this section. For example, meeting and convention planners must have excellent interpersonal and organizational skills and the ability to work under pressure and must pay attention to detail. For some entry-level jobs, personal characteristics are more important than formal training. Advancement. This subsection details possible advancement opportunities after gaining experience in an occupa- tion. Advancement can come in several forms, including advancement within the occupation, such as promotion to a management position; advancement into other occupations, such as leaving a job as a lawyer to become a judge; and advancement to self-employment, such as an automotive technician opening his or her own repair shop. Certain types of certification can serve as a form of advancement. Voluntary certification often demonstrates a level of com- petency to employers and can result in more responsibility, higher pay, or a new job. © JISTWorks

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