Tools for Working with Guidelines: Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group PDF
Preview Tools for Working with Guidelines: Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group
Tools for Working with Guidelines Springer London Berlin Heidelberg NewYork Barcelona HongKong Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo Jean Vanderdonckt and Christelle Farenc (Eds) Tools for Working with Guidelines Annual MeetingoftheSpecial InterestGroup Springer JeanVanderdonckt Institutd'AdministrationetdeGestion(lAG),UniversitecatholiquedeLouvain(UCL), PlacedesDoyens 1,B-1348Louvain-la-Neuve,Belgium ChristelleFarenc LaboratoireInteractionHommeSysternes,UniversiteToulouse1,PlaceAnatole,31042 ToulouseCedex,France ISBN1-85233-355-3 Springer-VerlagLondonBerlinHeidelberg BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Acatalogrecord forthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress Apartfromanyfairdealingforthepurposesofresearchorprivatestudy,orcriticismorreview.aspermitted under the Copyright. Designs and Patents Act 1988.this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted.inanyformorbyanymeans,withthepriorpermissioninwritingofthepublishers,or inthe caseofreprographicreproductioninaccordancewiththetermsoflicencesissuedbytheCopyrightLicensing Agency. Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethosetermsshouldbesenttothepublishers. ©Springer-VerlagLondonLimited2001 PrintedinGreatBritain The useofregisterednames, trademarks etc.in this publicationdoes not imply,even in the absence of a specificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantlawsandregulations andthereforefreefor general use. Thepublishermakes norepresentation.expressor implied,withregard totheaccuracyofthe information containedinthisbookandcannot acceptanylegalresponsibilityorliabilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthat maybemade. Typesetting:Camerareadybyeditors PrintedandboundattheAthenaeumPressLtd.•Gateshead,TyneandWear 34/3830-543210 Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN10749347 Table of Contents ProgramCommitteeMembers ix InvitedSpeakers 1. RealPlaces,3DInterfaces for Office Applications 1 D.Roberts 2. AUser CenteredDesign Based Approach toStyle Guides 15 R. Torres Guidelinesfor UniversalDesign 3. ALaboratoryofErgonomicAnalyses for Children Suffering from Cerebral Palsy 35 M.Noirhomme-Fraiture, Cl. Charriere,andJ.Vanderdonckt 4. Design Criteria ofaHandbookforWeb Accessibility 51 P.-L Emiliani,P. Graziani, andL Burzagli 5. CheckingW3C WAI User Agent Guidelines against Browsers FollowingUI4All principles 59 S.Mermet 6. Guidelinesfor DevelopingAssistive ComponentsforInformation Appliances-DevelopingaFrameworkfor aProcess Model 67 N. Koppen,J.Nitschke,H. Wandke,andM.van Ballegooy SoftwareTools for Workingwith Guidelines 7. ADatabaseApproach toBuilding and Using Online Human Computer InteractionGuidelines 77 A. Parush 8. Sherlock:ATool TowardsComputer-AidedUsability Inspection 87 e. D.Grammenos,D.Akoumianakis,and Stephanidis 9. CompletingHuman FactorGuidelines byInteractive Examples 99 H. Wandke andJ.Huttner 10.AGeneric Approach inAutomatingStyle GuideTests 107 T.LinzandM.Daigl GuidelinesinIndustrialContexts 11.Approaches totheEvolvingHuman-ComputerInterface: Application toInteractiveComputerizedProcedures inHigh-Risk Industries....117 J.e. H.S. Blackman, B.P.Hallbert, Byers,S.G.Hill,andW.J. Reece 12.AQuestionnaire-basedDiscount EvaluationMethod usingGuidelines forProcess Control InteractiveApplications 127 Ch. Kolski, B.Riera, andT.Berger 13.AnInternationalStandard on Control CenterErgonomics under DevelopmenL139 e. O.Holmstroem vi ToolsforWorkingwithGuidelines IncorporationofGuidelinesintoMethods 14.IncorporatingHuman Factors into aMethod for Designingof AdaptiveUser Interfaces 147 E.Furtado 15.ImplementationSupportof Guidelinesthrough DirectedEvaluationand Re-engineering 157 Ch.Stary 16.AppliedHeuristicEvaluationintheSystem DevelopmentProcess 173 J.FranssonandB.P.Andersson Organizational,Commercial,andSocial AspectsofGuidelines 17.ASociologicalFrameworkfor GroupwareDesign-Guidelines 183 M. Pieper 18.MakingGuidelinesWork through Collaboration: IntegratingStandardsand Guidelines intoSoftwareDevelopmentLifecycle.....191 E.RosenzweigandCh.Modica 19.DifficultiesinUsing Style Guides for Designing User Interfaces 197 T.Vogt 20.The Use ofUSERfit Methodology toTeach Usability Guidelines 209 J.AbascalandC.Nicolle 21.Towards aLibraryofGeneric GuidelinesforSpecifying Multi-ThreadedDialogs 217 E.Mbaki GuidelinesinSoftwareEngineering 22.Tools for Working with GuidelinesinDifferentInterfaceDesign Approaches..225 H. Reiterer 23.Use ofFormalizedGuidelinesforSemi-automatedGenerationofGUI: theErgo-Conceptor-Tool 237 F.Moussa andM. Riahi 24.ASmall Knowledge-basedSystem forSelectingInteractionStyles 247 J. Vanderdonckt 25.SoftwareEngineeringinUser InterfaceDesign with Guidelines -from TraditionalApplicationstotheWeb Sphere- 263 H.-J.Hoffmann Guidelinesand EvaluationMethods 26.ATool for Evaluationusing DynamicNavigationinaSetofQuestions 273 O.HCtandPh. Trigano 27.ProposingGuidelinesfor Usability Inspection 283 M.-F. CostabileandM.Matera 28.TransferringKnowledgeofUser InterfacesGuidelines totheWeb 293 D.Scapin,J. Vanderdonckt, Ch. Farenc, R. Bastide, Ch.Bastien, C.Leulier, C.Mariage,Ph.Palanque ToolsforWorkingwithGuidelines vii 29.Theories,ModelsandTemplates:AHarmoniousTrilogy forthePropagationofGuidelines 305 J.Rosbottom SpecialTopicsinGuidelines 30.PatternsasToolsforUserInterfaceDesign 313 M. van Welie,G.c. vander Veer,andA. Eliens 31.AComparativeUsabilityStudyofElectronic Newspapers 325 C.MariageandJ.Vanderdonckt 32.Guidelinesfora'Proximal' UserInterface 339 A.Basden 33.HowdoUsersPerceiveApplyingWebDesignGuidelines? 357 Q.LimbourgandJ.Vanderdonckt AuthorIndex 374 ToolsforWorkingwithGuidelines ix Program Committee Members DemostheneAkoumianakis,ICS-Forth, Greece James Alty, UniversityofLoughborough,United Kingdom Marie-FranceBarthet,Univ.ToulouseI,France Noelle Carbonnel,LORIA/INRIANancy, France Martin Colbert, Kingston University, United Kingdom Alain Derycke,UniversiteLille I,France Annie Drouin, EDF/GDFClamart,France Erik Duval, KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven, Belgium WolfgangDzida,GMD, Germany ChristelleFarenc, LIHS, Universite ToulouseI& I.UT.deTarbes,France (ProgrammeCommitteeChair) Eddy Flerackers,LimburgsUniversitairCentrum, Belgium Jose Gaussin, UniversitecatholiquedeLouvain, Belgium Kari Hamnes, Telenor, Norway Scott Henninger, Universityof Nebraska, USA MasaakiKurosu, ShizuokaUniversity, Japan. JonathanLazar,TowsonUniversity, USA VeroniqueLiberati,SRTP, LaPoste,France MoniqueNoirhomme-Fraiture,Fac.Univ. Notre-DamedelaPaix, Belgium Dina Notte, ERGODIN,Belgium Jean-MarcRobert, Ecole Polytechnique deMontreal, Canada DominiqueScapin, INRIA Rocquencourt, France Jean Scholtz,NIST, USA ConstantineStephanidis, ICS-Forth,Greece Jean Vanderdonckt, Universite catholique de Louvain, Belgium (Conference Chair) Organization Committee Members MicheleRouet, ESTIA, France Annie Drouin,EDF/GDFClamart, France QuentinLimbourg, Universite catholiquedeLouvain, Belgium CelineMariage,UniversitecatholiquedeLouvain, Belgium Web site design ChristelleFarenc, LIHS, UniversiteToulouse1&I.UT.deTarbes, France Reall'laces, 3D Interfaces for Office Applications Dave Roberts EaseofUse,IBMUnitedKingdomLtd,MP5,BirminghamRoad, Warwick,EnglandCV345JL [email protected] Abstract.TheRealPlaces designguidelinesdescribeathree-dimensionalenvi ronment.ARealPlacesenvironmentmightbeusedtoreplacethenow-conven tionaltwo-dimensional shell.Thispaperpresentsaframework structuringthese guidelines,andforuser-interfaceguidelinesingeneral.Italsodescribessomeof theguidelines,howtheyweredevisedandhowtheyhelptheuser. 1 Introduction Users of business applications first interacted using command lines, then with full screen character interfaces and now with object oriented graphical user interfaces (GUIs). At the sametime games machines have progressed from Pongto virtual real ity.In 1995 our team from IBM set out todefine a new generation of'shell'for OS/2. The shell was never produced, but the work was published as a set ofdesign guide lines [1].The RealPlaces Guidelinesdescribea 3-dimensional user environment,such as mightbe created using VRML 2.0 on the Internet. Such an environmentmightalso be used as a desktop replacement, a potential next step in the evolution of today's QUI interface. These guidelines are based on two years ofiterative analysis, design, prototyping, and user testing. Our intent was to understand crucial issues associated with using 3D techniques in a business application environment where training and productivity concerns are paramount. We share these guidelines with the intent that others benefit from our work,especially the users ofapplications that take advantage ofthe powerof3D presentation. 1.1 Context As our work started, Microsoft were about to release Windows 95, including the new object-oriented shell-conforming largely to the 1991 Common User Access (CUA) guidelines [2]. Many 'adventure' style games, such as Myst [8], and action games such as Doom [9] had adopted 3D interfaces.Simplified shells for Windows 3.1 had appeared such as Bob from Microsoft and KidDesk from Edmark. The RealPlaces team included many of the people who had produced the CUA Guidelines and the OS/2 Workplace. In that previous work they had examined concepts such as Xerox Rooms. They had also worked the team at Taligent who developed the "People, Places and Things"conceptafew years earlier. J. Vanderdonckt et al. (eds.), Tools for Working with Guidelines © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2001 2 RealPlaces,3DInterfacesforOfficeApplications 1.2 Process When itstarted theRealPlaces project wasexpected togrow toasignificantsize. The members of the teams for the project were drawn from those areas of IBM which were expected to be involved inan OS/2 based product: OS/2 development, User In terface Architecture and Component Architecture. Professionals from each of these teams were assigned to workgroups which concerned themselves with the different aspects of the project: • ObjectModel:theobjects thatare available tothe user and how they interact. • Components:the smallerobjects thatare used tobuild the more significantones. • Visual Style:how everything looks. • Interaction: details of interactions with object, including policies that apply to many objects. • Configuration:how toadjust the system according to individual needs and equip ment. • Guidance:help for learning and problem solving. • Interoperability:how to this solution would integrate with existing software and how users would migrate. • Technology:how thesolution should bebuilt. 1.3 Testing We wanted to be able to show the value of athree-dimensionalshell. One key to this was testing. As aresult of the work wedid with our prototypes to test user's reaction toRealPlaces we concluded that the following items would have a significant impact of the usability of thesystem: • Include amap of the environmentshowing thecurrent location of the user and the location of keyobjects. • Group objects according tothe user's tasks, design rooms so that their purpose and contents areclear. • As well as allowing navigation by keyboard allow navigation by mouse and allow users toswitch between methods atany time. • Provide a method where clicking on an object from a distance would bring the user close tothatobject. • Provide users with ample feedback, especially of application launch, so that the user does notgetfrustrated and tryactions several times 2 Structure Based on our previous work on eUA, we knew that one of the key aspects was the focus on structure.Weclassified allofour work intwo ways. First,weconsidered the aspect of the application which any rule effects.Second,we considered the degree of specificityof theguideline.
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