Tools for Activating Data Marketplace: Toward Innovations with Data-mediated Communications PDF
Preview Tools for Activating Data Marketplace: Toward Innovations with Data-mediated Communications
Understanding Innovation Teruaki Hayashi Yukio Ohsawa Tools for Activating Data Marketplace Toward Innovations with Data-mediated Communications Understanding Innovation SeriesEditors ChristophMeinel,Potsdam,Germany LarryLeifer,Stanford,USA “Everyonelovesaninnovation,anideathatsells.”Fewdefinitionsofinnovationare moresuccinct.Itcutstothecore.Yetindoingso,itlaysbaretherealitythatselling dependsonfactorsoutsidetheinnovationenvelope.The“let’sgetcreative”imper- ative does not control its own destiny. Expressed another way, in how many ways can we define innovation? A corollary lies in asking, in how many ways can the innovativeenterprisebeorganized?Forathirditeration,inhowmanywayscanthe innovation process be structured? Now we have a question worth addressing. “Understanding Innovation” is a book series designed to expose the reader to the breadthanddepthofdesignthinkingmodalitiesinpursuitofinnovationsthatsell.It isnotourintenttogivethereaderadefinitiveprotocolorparadigm.Infact,thevery expectationof“onerightanswer”wouldbemisguided.Insteadweofferajourneyof discovery,onethatisradical,relevant,andrigorous. (cid:129) Teruaki Hayashi Yukio Ohsawa Tools for Activating Data Marketplace Toward Innovations with Data-mediated Communications TeruakiHayashi YukioOhsawa SchoolofEngineering, SchoolofEngineering, DepartmentofSystemsInnovation DepartmentofSystemsInnovation TheUniversityofTokyo TheUniversityofTokyo Tokyo,Japan Tokyo,Japan ISSN2197-5752 ISSN2197-5760 (electronic) UnderstandingInnovation ISBN978-3-031-06144-8 ISBN978-3-031-06145-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06145-5 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland To all seeking opportunities in data Preface This book discusses how to create, design, and support the data marketplace to realizedata-interactiveinnovation.Humanhistoryhasinvolvedaseriesofrelentless efforts and actions to create and accumulate knowledge by discovering patterns of events and fostering insights. These discoveries and insights were obtained by observing complex phenomena in the real world, some of which were stored as data.Thus,dataare,atleastpotentially,thesourcesofknowledgeinalldisciplines. Notonlyaretheyanimportanttoolinconstructingintellectualessenceandknowl- edgesystemsasthebasisofourlivesandbusinessesbuttheyalsoprovidetheoretical frameworksinthesciences. Theconceptofdata-interactiveinnovationmaynotbeaspopularas“data-driven” innovation, which means an innovation process starting with the power of data. However, the process of innovation requires communication about and interaction withthecontextsofpeoplelivingwiththeproductorservicethatcanbecreatedvia scientificthoughtsandcommunicationsreferringtodataandpatternsorknowledge obtained from data. In these communications and interactions, although data and technologies of artificial intelligence may seem to take the lead and are walking alone, humans really design, acquire, and use the data in our context of living or working. The data reaches their potential value through such human activities. Although data has become a resource that can be exchanged and traded, trading itself is not the main focus; its essence is to add value through its contribution to creating new businesses and executing them. In other words, innovation and crea- tivity are at the core of the data marketplace. In this respect, data marketplaces, where providers and users of data meet, are not only places to buy or sell data but alsoplaceswherestakeholdersintheirknowledgeprocessondatacanmeet. Theparticipantsinthedatamarketplacearedatasubjects,dataholders,analysts, decision makers, creators of businesses, and consumers desiring to evaluate the quality of data services. Here, to collect and/or combine data to achieve their goals, people need to discover and explain the value of data for planning their data-interactive activities by discussing the utility of datasets by setting prices for buying/selling. vii viii Preface EvenbeforetheworldwidemovementsofbigdataandAI,wehavebeenfocusing on information technologies that contribute to interdisciplinary collaboration, knowledge sharing, and decision making. In 2013, Ohsawa et al. developed a systematic design method for the data marketplace, called the Innovators’ Market- placeonDataJackets(IMDJ).TheDataJacket(DJ)isaframeworkfordescribingan overview ofdata while keepingthedata confidential. The DJ aimstohelp humans understandthedataandenablediscussion.Inthisapproach,participantsinthedata marketplacecandeterminewhatkindofdataexistandwhatkindofinformationthey hold, even if the contents of data cannot be made publicly available. Through the IMDJ, the participants came to exchange and learn information about datasets and consider the value of the datasets through participants’ creative communication. HavingrootsintheDJandIMDJ,wehavedevelopedtechnologiestoaccelerateand supportthedatamarketplace. Chapter 1 begins by showing the fundamental concept and meaning of the data marketplace for innovations. Chapter 2 presents the process of innovation via interactions between data, individuals, and society. We also show the social con- straints, including regulations on stakeholders, and review the history and current state of the data marketplace. In Chap. 3, we introduce DJs—one of the core technologies for activating the data marketplace—and the IMDJ, the model of the market of data, and Action Planning (AP), the workshop-styled scenario planning fordatacollaboration.InChap.4,wepresentfivewebsystemsforactivatingthedata marketplace:theDJStore,VariableQuest,TEEDA,Web-basedIMDJ,andHuman Resource Finder. Chapter 5 elucidates the value chain of data businesses and stakeholder interactions in the data market as an ecosystem. Finally, in Chap. 6, we demonstrate some of our successes with data analysis cases and tools created fromtheIMDJ/APworkshops. As we write here, new forms of data markets have appeared, highlighting their abilitytopriceandexchangedata.Weshouldbeawarethatreallightshouldbeshed to create new perspectives and technologies that externalize a wide range of prob- lems. We hope that this book will contribute to the readers’ design of fruitful marketplacesfordataandtechnologicaldevelopmentsforlivinginthisnewmarket. Tokyo,Japan TeruakiHayashi January2022 YukioOhsawa Acknowledgments First,wewouldliketothankLarryJ.Leiferforgivingustheexcellentopportunityto startthisbook.Deepestthankstoourpatient,generous,andhelpfuleditor,Christian Rauscher,theExecutiveEditorBusiness/OR/MISofSpringer. Iamgratefultomanyfriendsandresearchcolleaguesforencouragingustostart thework,perseverewithit,andfinally,publishthisbook.Also,weappreciateallthe business people who participated in the workshops and continued the fruitful discussions. Wewouldliketoacknowledgewithgratitudetheloveofourfamily.Theyhave keptmegoing,andthisbookwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthem. Finally,wewouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankallthereaderswhotook this book. We hope you will find the data marketplace and data exchange surpris- ingly familiar and accessible to us. Using the technologies and tools introduced in thisbook,wewouldliketoworktogetherwithyou,thereaders,todevelopthefuture datamarketplaceandcreatevaluabletechnologiesforthecomingdatasociety. ix Contents 1 Introduction:WhyAMarketofData?ASolutionforInnovations.. 1 1.1 Data:HaveWeGotItRight?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 DataMarketplace:APlatformforValueExchange andInnovation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3 InteractionsofStakeholdersinMarkets:AreTheyToward Innovations?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.4 OrganizationofThisBook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2 Data-InteractiveInnovationsastheHeartofMarketofData (MoDAT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.1 InnovationasaProcessofTrans-Dimensional Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.2 ThreeReasonsforAskingWhyandHow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.2.1 Reason1:Data-InteractiveInnovationasDesign Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.2.2 Reason2:DesignCommunicationRequires TwoKindsofQuestions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2.3 Reason3:ExternalizationofTsugoesNetworkfor ConsideringUsefulData. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.3 Creativity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.4 FromChanceDiscoverytoInnovators’MarketplaceonData Jackets(IMDJ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.5 TheRoadmapforInteractiveInnovationwiththeMarket ofData. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . 43 2.6 FromthePasttothePresentofDataMarketplace. . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.6.1 DataMarketingBusinesses:AnOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.6.2 SurveyonDataMarketingBusinesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 xi
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