Tongues of fire: language and evangelization in Colonial Mexico PDF
Preview Tongues of fire: language and evangelization in Colonial Mexico
Tongues of Fire Tongues of Fire Language and Evangelization in Colonial Mexico v v w Nancy Farriss 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Farriss, Nancy M. (Nancy Marguerite), 1938– author. Title: Tongues of fire : language and evangelization in Colonial Mexico / Nancy Farriss. Description: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018001351| ISBN 9780190884109 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780190884116 (updf) | ISBN 9780190884123 (epub) | ISBN 9780190884130 (online resource) Subjects: LCSH: Language in missionary work—Mexico—Oaxaca (State)—History. | Language and culture—Mexico—Oaxaca (State)—History. | Language and languages—Religious aspects—Christianity—History. | Intercultural communication—Religious aspects—Christianity—History. Classification: LCC BV2082.L3 F37 2018 | DDC 282/.7274—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018001351 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America To Juana and the memory of Padre Pablo When the day of Pentecost came round, while they were all gathered together with one purpose, suddenly a sound came from Heaven like that of a strong wind blowing, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting. And then appeared to them what seemed to be tongues of fire, which parted and came to rest on each of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in different languages, as the Spirit gave each of them utterance. Acts 2:1– 4 CONTENTS Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Glossary xix Abbreviations xxi Introduction 1 PART I. Language Contact and Language Policy 1. Signs and Gestures 11 Sign Language 12 Words and Pictures 20 2. Interpreters 27 Nahuatlatos and Conquest 27 Indian Preachers 36 Unfaithful Translation 42 Mediated Penance 49 3. Confusion of Tongues 55 Language Policy 55 Language Diversity 61 Lingua Franca 68 Evangelization in Nahuatl 74 PART II. Evangelization in the Vernacular 4. Language Barriers under Siege 83 The Barriers 84 Language Learning 90 From Glyphs to Alphabet 96 Artes and Vocabularios 105 ( vii ) ( viii ) Contents 5. Speaking the Word of God 111 Language Requirements 111 Language Qualifications 119 Preaching 126 Confession 134 PART III. The Means and the Message 6. Catechists and Catechism 141 Recruiting the Elite 141 Indigenous Literati 148 Teaching Catechism 153 Doctrinal Basics 159 7. The Word of God 167 The Spoken Word 167 The Written Word 172 Evil: A Triad 178 No Other Gods 184 PART IV. Lost and Found in Translation 8. The Problem of Meaning 197 Dialogic Distance 197 Translation as Collaboration 204 Pursuit of Equivalence 211 Tools of the Trade 217 9. Adoptions and Adaptations 227 Heaven, Hell, and the Devil 228 Sin and Disorder 234 Risk of Contamination 241 One God or Three 246 10. The Art of Persuasion 255 Rhetoric in Two Worlds 255 Colonial Incorporations 261 Christian Libana 270 Mesoamerican Poetics 274 Conclusion: Doctrinal Legacies 11. Continuity and Convergence 285 Language Continuity 286 Doctrinal Exports 288 Contents ( ix ) New Cultural Matrix 292 Lexical Fates 295 Notes 303 Bibliography 369 Index 395
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