Tomorrow's Transportation: Changing Cities, Economies, and Lives (Artech House Its Library) PDF
Preview Tomorrow's Transportation: Changing Cities, Economies, and Lives (Artech House Its Library)
COVER Tomorrow�s Transportation: Changing Cities, Economies, and Lives Tomorrow�s Transportation: Changing Cities, Economies, and Lives William L. Garrison Jerry D. Ward Artech House Boston � London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Garrison, William L. Tomorrow�s transportation : changing cities, economies, and lives / William L. Garrison, Jerry D. Ward. p. cm. � (Artech House ITS library) Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. ISBN 1-58053-096-6 (alk. paper) 1. Transportation�Forecasting. 2. Technological innovations. I. Ward, Jerry D. II. Title. III. Series. HE147.5.G37 2000 388.4�dc21 99-058763 CIP British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Garrison, William L. Tomorrow�s transportation : changing cities, economies, and lives. � (Artech House ITS library) 1. Transportation�Forecasting 2. Transportation� Technological innovations 3. Urban transportation 4. Traffic engineering�Technological innovations 5. Intelligent control systems I. Title II. Ward, Jerry D. 388�.0112 ISBN 1-58053-096-6 Cover design by Igor Valdman ' 2000 Artech House, Inc. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in- cluding photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, with- out permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this informa- tion. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trade- mark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-096-6 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 99-058763 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface xv 1 A Bit of Perspective 1 The window on the world for most people is their car window 5 And so… 5 References 6 Part I: The Car and Traffic 7 2 The Car that Can Drive Itself 9 But other things have changed very little… 11 v vi Tomorrow�s Transportation: Changing Cities, Economies, and Lives Tip of the iceberg 13 Hands-off freeway driving 13 The driver becomes a passenger 14 New, exclusive highways? 16 Continuing evolution 17 Designing the system: we emulate the human 17 The end of driving? 20 The nondriver isn�t anymore 20 The automated car offers more than just automation 21 Platooning 21 It�s not just for moving people 22 Brave new world! 24 References 25 3 Congestion: The Devil We Know 27 Ultimate gridlock 28 Is congestion increasing? 29 A paradox? 31 A short story about the suburbs 32 What congestion is costing us 34 Just part of the story 35 We can do better 37 References 37 4 Congestion: What Are We Doing about It? 39 The broad prescription for congestion relief 40 Traffic control and the intelligent transportation system program 41 Traffic management systems 41 On-the-roll toll collection 43 Driver and traveler information systems 43 Accident reduction 44 Route guidance 44 Contents vii In summary… 44 Better public transportation 45 Car pooling 48 Reversible lanes 50 High-occupancy vehicle lanes 50 Vehicle automation 51 Other favorites 51 Where does all this leave us? 52 References 53 5 Congestion: A Better Strategy? 55 Freeway Traffic Flow 101: The nature of the phenomenon 56 A freeway game 60 So once again�the prescription 60 What, then, to do? 61 Off the freeway�surface streets 63 The waiting line bugaboo 64 Road pricing, the economists� favorite 65 The synergy of metering plus pricing 67 Looking ahead: a summary 67 Selected bibliography 68 Appendix 5A: Variable driver behavior and the highway capacity curve 70 6 Some New Kinds of Cars 73 The commuter car 73 On a different track: the neighborhood car 76 Imagine more 78 Getting started 79 Operations and impact�the commuter car 80 Operations and impact�the neighborhood car 82 Headwinds 83 References 84 viii Tomorrow�s Transportation: Changing Cities, Economies, and Lives Part II: The City and Transportation 87 7 Transportation and the Evolution of the City 89 The birth of the modern city 92 The quality of life 94 Whither now? 96 Selected bibliography 97 8 The Modern Dilemma: What to Do? 99 Relative roles 103 Service in the suburbs�thin, diffuse travel patterns 105 But once in the car 106 Where does this leave us? 107 What, then, to do? 107 About our downtowns? 107 Emulate Europe? 108 Transit in perspective 108 The road system 109 Innovation 110 Next 111 References 111 9 A New Kind of Minicity 113 References 119 10 The Second-Story City 121 Let�s push the envelope 123 Revitalize our downtowns? 123 Reference 124 11 The Variegated City 125 Cities thrive by variegating 126 Looking ahead at trends�folk living everywhere 127
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