Tomorrow's Transportation: Changing Cities, Economies, and Lives (Artech House Its Library)

338 Pages·2000·0.92 MB·English

by  William L. Garrison

COVER

Tomorrow(cid:146)s Transportation:
Changing Cities, Economies,
and Lives

Tomorrow(cid:146)s Transportation:
Changing Cities, Economies,
and Lives
William L. Garrison
Jerry D. Ward
Artech House
Boston (cid:149) London
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Garrison,WilliamL.
Tomorrow(cid:146)stransportation:changingcities,economies,andlives/WilliamL.
Garrison,JerryD.Ward.
p. cm.(cid:151)(ArtechHouseITSlibrary)
Includesbibliographicalreferences(p.)andindex.
ISBN1-58053-096-6(alk.paper)
1.Transportation(cid:151)Forecasting. 2.Technologicalinnovations.
I.Ward,JerryD. II.Title. III.Series.
HE147.5.G37 2000
388.4(cid:151)dc21 99-058763
CIP
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Garrison,WilliamL.
Tomorrow(cid:146)stransportation:changingcities,economies,and
lives.(cid:151)(ArtechHouseITSlibrary)
1.Transportation(cid:151)Forecasting 2.Transportation(cid:151)
Technologicalinnovations 3.Urbantransportation 4.Traffic
engineering(cid:151)Technologicalinnovations 5.Intelligent
controlsystems
I.Title II.Ward,JerryD.
388(cid:146).0112
ISBN1-58053-096-6
CoverdesignbyIgorValdman
'2000ArtechHouse,Inc.
685CantonStreet
Norwood,MA02062
Allrightsreserved.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartofthisbook
may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in-
cludingphotocopying,recording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,with-
outpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
Alltermsmentionedinthisbookthatareknowntobetrademarksorservicemarkshave
beenappropriatelycapitalized.ArtechHousecannotattesttotheaccuracyofthisinforma-
tion.Useofaterminthisbookshouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofanytrade-
markorservicemark.
InternationalStandardBookNumber: 1-58053-096-6
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:99-058763
10987654321
Contents
Preface xv
1 A Bit of Perspective 1
Thewindowontheworldformostpeopleistheir
carwindow 5
Andso… 5
References 6
Part I: The Car and Traffic 7
2 The Car that Can Drive Itself 9
Butotherthingshavechangedverylittle… 11
v
vi
Tomorrow(cid:146)s Transportation: Changing Cities, Economies, and Lives
Tipoftheiceberg 13
Hands-offfreewaydriving 13
Thedriverbecomesapassenger 14
New,exclusivehighways? 16
Continuingevolution 17
Designingthesystem:weemulatethehuman 17
Theendofdriving? 20
Thenondriverisn(cid:146)tanymore 20
Theautomatedcaroffersmorethanjustautomation 21
Platooning 21
It(cid:146)snotjustformovingpeople 22
Bravenewworld! 24
References 25
3 Congestion: The Devil We Know 27
Ultimategridlock 28
Iscongestionincreasing? 29
Aparadox? 31
Ashortstoryaboutthesuburbs 32
Whatcongestioniscostingus 34
Justpartofthestory 35
Wecandobetter 37
References 37
4 Congestion: What Are We Doing about It? 39
Thebroadprescriptionforcongestionrelief 40
Trafficcontrolandtheintelligenttransportationsystem
program 41
Trafficmanagementsystems 41
On-the-rolltollcollection 43
Driverandtravelerinformationsystems 43
Accidentreduction 44
Routeguidance 44
Contents vii
Insummary… 44
Betterpublictransportation 45
Carpooling 48
Reversiblelanes 50
High-occupancyvehiclelanes 50
Vehicleautomation 51
Otherfavorites 51
Wheredoesallthisleaveus? 52
References 53
5 Congestion: A Better Strategy? 55
FreewayTrafficFlow101:Thenatureofthephenomenon 56
Afreewaygame 60
Soonceagain(cid:151)theprescription 60
What,then,todo? 61
Offthefreeway(cid:151)surfacestreets 63
Thewaitinglinebugaboo 64
Roadpricing,theeconomists(cid:146)favorite 65
Thesynergyofmeteringpluspricing 67
Lookingahead:asummary 67
Selectedbibliography 68
Appendix5A:
Variabledriverbehaviorandthehighwaycapacitycurve 70
6 Some New Kinds of Cars 73
Thecommutercar 73
Onadifferenttrack:theneighborhoodcar 76
Imaginemore 78
Gettingstarted 79
Operationsandimpact(cid:151)thecommutercar 80
Operationsandimpact(cid:151)theneighborhoodcar 82
Headwinds 83
References 84
viii
Tomorrow(cid:146)s Transportation: Changing Cities, Economies, and Lives
Part II: The City and Transportation 87
7 Transportation and the Evolution of the City 89
Thebirthofthemoderncity 92
Thequalityoflife 94
Whithernow? 96
Selectedbibliography 97
8 The Modern Dilemma: What to Do? 99
Relativeroles 103
Serviceinthesuburbs(cid:151)thin,diffusetravelpatterns 105
Butonceinthecar 106
Wheredoesthisleaveus? 107
What,then,todo? 107
Aboutourdowntowns? 107
EmulateEurope? 108
Transitinperspective 108
Theroadsystem 109
Innovation 110
Next 111
References 111
9 A New Kind of Minicity 113
References 119
10 The Second-Story City 121
Let(cid:146)spushtheenvelope 123
Revitalizeourdowntowns? 123
Reference 124
11 The Variegated City 125
Citiesthrivebyvariegating 126
Lookingaheadattrends(cid:151)folklivingeverywhere 127