Tomatoes

352 Pages·2005·4.663 MB·English

by  Ep Heuvelink

TOMATOES
C P S H
ROP RODUCTION CIENCE IN ORTICULTURE
S
ERIES
Series Editors: Jeff Atherton, Professor of Tropical
Horticulture, University of the West Indies, Barbados, and
Alun Rees, Horticultural Consultant and Editor, Journal of
Horticultural Science.
This series examines economically important horticultural crops selected from
the major production systems in temperate, subtropical and tropical climatic
areas. Systems represented range from open field and plantation sites to
protected plastic and glass houses, growing rooms and laboratories. Emphasis is
placed on the scientific principles underlying crop production practices rather
than on providing empirical recipes for uncritical acceptance. Scientific
understanding provides the key to both reasoned choice of practice and the
solution of future problems.
Students and staff at universities and colleges throughout the world involved
in courses in horticulture, as well as in agriculture, plant science, food science
and applied biology at degree, diploma or certificate level will welcome this series
as a succinct and readable source of information. The books will also be
invaluable to progressive growers, advisers and end-product users requiring an
authoritative, but brief, scientific introduction to particular crops or systems. Keen
gardeners wishing to understand the scientific basis of recommended practices
will also find the series very useful.
The authors are all internationally renowned experts with extensive
experience of their subjects. Each volume follows a common format covering all
aspects of production, from background physiology and breeding, to propagation
and planting, through husbandry and crop protection, to harvesting, handling and
storage. Selective references are included to direct the reader to further
information on specific topics.
Titles available:
1. Ornamental Bulbs, Corms and TubersA.R. Rees
2. CitrusF.S. Davies and L.G. Albrigo
3. Onions and Other Vegetable AlliumsJ.L. Brewster
4. Ornamental Bedding PlantsA.M. Armitage
5. Bananas and PlantainsJ.C. Robinson
6. CucurbitsR.W. Robinson and D.S. Decker-Walters
7. Tropical FruitsH.Y. Nakasone and R.E. Paull
8. Coffee, Cocoa and TeaK.C. Willson
9. Lettuce, Endive and ChicoryE.J. Ryder
10. Carrots and Related Vegetable Umbelliferae V.E. Rubatzky, C.F. Quiros
and P.W. Simon
11. StrawberriesJ.F. Hancock
12. Peppers: Vegetable and Spice CapsicumsP.W. Bosland and E.J. Votava
13. TomatoesE. Heuvelink
http://avaxhome.ws/blogs/ChrisRedfield
T
OMATOES
Edited by
Ep Heuvelink
Wageningen University, The Netherlands
CABI Publishing
CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International
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without the prior permission of the copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library,
London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tomatoes / edited by Ep Heuvelink.
p. cm. -- (Crop production science in horticulture ; 13)
ISBN 0-85199-396-6 (alk. paper)
I. Heuvelink, Ep. II. Title. III. Series.
SB349.T678 2005
635(cid:1).642--dc22
2004022555
ISBN 0 85199 396 6
Typeset by Columns Design Ltd, Reading, UK.
Printed and bound in the UK by Cromwell Press, Trowbridge.
C
ONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS vii
PREFACE ix
1
INTRODUCTION:THETOMATOCROPANDINDUSTRY 1
J.M. Costa and E. Heuvelink
2
GENETICSANDBREEDING 21
P. Lindhout
3
DEVELOPMENTALPROCESSES 53
E. Heuvelink
4
CROPGROWTHANDYIELD 85
E. Heuvelink and M. Dorais
5
FRUITRIPENINGANDFRUITQUALITY 145
M.E. Saltveit
6
IRRIGATIONANDFERTILIZATION 171
M.M. Peet
7
CROPPROTECTION 199
A.A. Csizinszky, D.J. Schuster, J.B. Jones and J.C. van Lenteren
v
vi Contents
8
PRODUCTIONINTHEOPENFIELD 237
A.A. Csizinszky
9
GREENHOUSETOMATOPRODUCTION 257
M.M. Peet and G.W.H. Welles†
10
POSTHARVESTBIOLOGYANDHANDLING 305
M.E. Saltveit
INDEX 325
† Deceased before publication.
C
ONTRIBUTORS
J.M. Costa, Instituto Superior da Agronomia, Dep. Botânica e Engenharia
Biológica, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017
Lisbon, Portugal
A.A. Csizinszky, University of Florida, IFAS, Gulf Coast Research and
Education Center, 5007-60th Street East, Bradenton, FL 34203, USA
M.A. Dorais, Horticulture Research Centre, Envirotron Building, Room
2120, Laval University, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
J.B. Jones, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 2553 Fifield
Hall, PO Box 110680, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, USA
E. Heuvelink, Department of Plant Sciences, Horticultural Production Chains
Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 22, 6709PG Wageningen, The
Netherlands
P. Lindhout, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen Agricultural
University, PO Box 386, 6700AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
M.M. Peet, Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State
University, Box 7609, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609, USA
M.E. Saltveit, Department of Vegetable Crops, Mann Laboratory, University
of California, Davis, CA 95616-8631, USA
D.J. Schuster, University of Florida, IFAS, Gulf Coast Research and Education
Center, 5007-60th Street East, Bradenton, FL 34203, USA
J.C. van Lenteren, Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO
Box 8031, 6700EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
G.W.H. Welles, Applied Plant Research, PO Box 8, 2670AA Naaldwÿk, The
Netherlands
vii
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P
REFACE
Tomatoes are one of the most widely produced and consumed ‘vegetables’ in
the world, both for the fresh fruit market and the processed food industries.
Furthermore, tomato fruits or plants are occasionally used for decoration
(ornamental value), but perhaps the most exceptional use we find in Spain.
Every year, the tiny village of Buñol in Valencia hosts the largest tomato war
in the world: ‘La Tomatina’. In this festival, at the peak of the tomato season,
for 2 hours, participants pelt each other with ripe, red fruit and the streets
turn into rivers of tomato juice.
There is a vast amount of literature on tomato resulting from its economic
importance, but also because it is seen as a model crop in plant genetic,
physiological and pathological studies. In 1986, Jeff Atherton and Jehoshua
Rudich did an excellent job as editors bringing, for the first time, fundamental
and practical knowledge on field-grown and greenhouse-grown tomatoes
together in a 661-page ‘tomato bible’ (Atherton and Rudich, 1986). Now,
almost 20 years later, our knowledge on tomato has greatly extended, and
completely new areas have developed, like genetic modification and biological
pest control. Hence, the present book attempts to give an update – however,
more compact – so as to fit in the CABI Publishing Series Crop Production
Science in Horticulture. Most of the books in this series are monographs or have
two or three authors. This volume on tomato has one editor, and ten additional
authors contributing to one or more chapters. Maybe this reflects the vast
knowledge present in all fields for this crop, such that no single author could
cover the subject with authority. Contributing authors are experts in their
particular subject areas, and come from different regions of the world, hence
giving the book a more international nature than would have been possible
with just one or two authors.
I thank the authors of the different chapters sincerely for their time spent
on this book, as well as for their patience. I am grateful to CABIPublishing for
giving me the opportunity to be the editor of the tomato volume in their
series. Tim Hardwick should be mentioned particularly: without his patience
and stimulating words and e-mails, this book would never have been finished.
ix
x Preface
I hope readers will find in this book the information they were looking for.
I hope they enjoy reading this new book on tomato and I look forward to
comments and suggestions for improvement.
I wish to dedicate this book to the late Prof. Hugo Challa, who has been
my teacher in science.
Ep Heuvelink
Wageningen, September 2004
REFERENCE:
Atherton, J.G. and Rudich, J. (eds) (1986) The Tomato Crop. A Scientific Basis for
Improvement. Chapman & Hall, London, 661 pp.