Table Of Content

Peterson’s M ASTER TOEFL W S RITING KILLS AboutPeterson’s,aNelnetcompany Peterson’s(www.petersons.com)isaleadingproviderofeducationinformationandadvice,withbooksandonline resourcesfocusingoneducationsearch,testpreparation,andfinancialaid.ItsWebsiteofferssearchabledatabasesand interactivetoolsforcontactingeducationalinstitutions,onlinepracticetestsandinstruction,andplanningtoolsfor securingfinancialaid.Peterson’sserves110millioneducationconsumersannually. Formoreinformation,contactPeterson’s,2000LenoxDrive,Lawrenceville,NJ08648; 800-338-3282;orfindusontheWorldWideWebatwww.petersons.com/about. ©2007Peterson’s,aNelnetcompany PreviouslypublishedasGrammarWorkbookfortheTOEFLExam©1971,1974,1976, 1978,1980,1985,1989,1992,1994,1996,1998 Editor:WallieWalkerHammond;ProductionEditor:LindaSeghers;Manufacturing Manager:RaymondGolaszewski;CompositionManager:GaryRozmierski ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.Nopartofthisworkcoveredbythecopyrighthereinmaybe reproducedorusedinanyformorbyanymeans—graphic,electronic,ormechanical, includingphotocopying,recording,taping,Webdistribution,orinformationstorageand retrievalsystems—withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. ISBN-13:978-0-7689-2329-2 ISBN-10:0-7689-2329-8 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 08 07 06 FirstEdition Petersons.com/publishing Check out our Web site at www.petersons.com/publishing to see if there is any new information regarding the tests and any revisions or corrections to the content of this book. We’ve made sure the information in this book is accurate and up-to-date; however, the test format or content may have changedsincethetimeofpublication. OTHER TITLES IN SERIES Peterson’s Master TOEFL Reading Skills Peterson’s Master TOEFL Vocabulary Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Before You Begin ................................. ix How This Book Is Organized .......................... ix Special Study Features ................................ ix You’re Well on Your Way to Success ................... x Give Us Your Feedback ............................... x Top 10 Strategies to Raise Your Score .................. xi Abbreviations........................................ xii PART I: TOEFL WRITING BASICS 1 All About TOEFL Writing .......................... 3 The TOEFL Essay .................................... 3 The Integrated Writing Task of the TOEFL iBT ........... 8 Summing It Up ...................................... 9 PART II: DIAGNOSING STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES 2 Practice Test 1: Diagnostic ........................ 15 Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 20 PART III: TOEFL WRITING REVIEW 3 Modifiers ......................................... 27 Adverbs Like Only ................................... 28 Split Infinitives ...................................... 29 Dangling Modifiers ................................... 30 Adjective/Adverb Confusion ........................... 32 Adjectives after Verbs of Sensation ..................... 34 Noun Adjectives ..................................... 35 Hyphenated or Compound Adjectives .................. 37 Demonstratives ...................................... 38 Few, Little, Much, and Many .......................... 39 Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers ........................ 42 vi Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sameness and Similarity .......................................... 44 . . Comparatives ................................................... 46 . . Superlatives ..................................................... 48 . . Cause and Result ................................................ 50 . Articles ........................................................ 53 . . Too, Very, and Enough ........................................... 55 . . Negation ....................................................... 57 . . Exercises: Modifiers .............................................. 61 . Answer Key and Explanations...................................... 64 . . Summing It Up .................................................. 65 . . .4 Verbs ......................................................... 67 . . Tense .......................................................... 67 . . Time Clauses ................................................... 69 . . Verbs of “Demand” .............................................. 70 . . Wishes ......................................................... 71 . Conditionals .................................................... 73 . . Modals ......................................................... 75 . . Verbals ......................................................... 77 . . Past Participles .................................................. 81 . Present and Perfect Participles and Infinitives ........................ 84 . . Exercises: Verbs ................................................. 86 . . Answer Key and Explanations...................................... 88 . . Summing It Up .................................................. 89 . . .5 Pronouns ..................................................... 91 . . Relative Pronouns ............................................... 91 . Personal Pronouns—Case ......................................... 93 . . Who/Whom .................................................... 95 . . Possessives ..................................................... 98 . . Faulty Reference ................................................ 100 . Person ......................................................... 102 . . Number ........................................................ 104 . . Those Modified .................................................. 107 . . Exercises: Pronouns .............................................. 108 . Answers and Explanations......................................... 109 . . Summing It Up .................................................. 110 . . .6 Basic Patterns ................................................111 . . Indirect Objects ................................................. 111 . . Order of Adverbs ................................................ 113 . . Embedded Questions ............................................. 116 . . To/For (Purpose) ................................................ 118 . Double Subjects ................................................. 120 . . Clauses ........................................................ 121 . . Exercises: Basic Patterns .......................................... 125 . . .www.petersons.com . . . . . . . Contents vii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Answer Key and Explanations...................................... 127 . Summing It Up .................................................. 128 . . . 7 Style ..........................................................129 . . . Voice .......................................................... 129 . Parallelism ...................................................... 133 . . Wordiness ...................................................... 136 . . Substandard .................................................... 139 . . Usage .......................................................... 142 . Words Often Confused, Group I ................................... 146 . . Words Often Confused, Group II .................................. 150 . . Words Often Confused, Group III .................................. 154 . . Correlative Conjunctions ......................................... 157 . Subject/Verb Agreement .......................................... 159 . . Parts of Speech ................................................. 162 . . Prepositions (General Use) ........................................ 164 . . Prepositions in Combinations ..................................... 167 . Exercises: Style .................................................. 171 . . Answer Key and Explanations...................................... 174 . . Summing It Up .................................................. 176 . . . . . PART IV: THREE PRACTICE TESTS . . . Practice Test 2 ................................................181 . . Answer Key and Explanations ..................................... 185 . . . Practice Test 3 ................................................189 . . Answer Key and Explanations ..................................... 193 . . . Practice Test 4 ................................................197 . . Answer Key and Explanations ..................................... 201 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . www.petersons.com . . . . . . . . Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED If you are preparing for any version of the TOEFL, you are not alone.Almost a million people all over the world took the TOEFL last year.Ahigh score on this test is an essential step in being admitted to graduate or undergraduate programs at almost all colleges and universities in North America. But preparing for this test can be a difficult, often frustrating experience. Peterson’s Master TOEFL Writing Skills, used as a self-tutor, will help you improve your writing skills. • Top10StrategiestoRaiseYourScoregivesyoutest-takingstrategies. • Part I includes basic information about the TOEFL writing section. • Part II provides a diagnostic test to determine your strengths and weaknesses. • Part III provides the basic grammar and writing review. The exercises progress from relatively simple to relatively difficult as you continue through the book. Various skills, such as error identification and writing style, are reviewed. • Part IV includes three additional practice writing tests. They will show youhowwellyouhavemasteredthewritingskillspresentedinthisbook. SPECIAL STUDY FEATURES Peterson’sMasterTOEFLWritingSkillsisdesignedtobeuser-friendly.Tothis end, it includes features to make your preparation much more efficient. Overview The review chapter begins with a bulleted overview, listing the topics to be coveredinthechapter.Thiswillallowyoutoquicklytargettheareasinwhich you are most interested. ix x Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summing It Up . . .The review chapter ends with a point-by-point summary that captures the most important . .concepts. They are a convenient way to review the chapter’s key points. . . . .Bonus Information . .Look in the page margins of your book for the following test prep tool: . . . .NOTE . .Notes highlight critical information about a concept in the review section. These notes will . .provide you with additional study tools. . . . . . YOU’RE WELL ON YOUR WAY TO SUCCESS . . .Remember that knowledge is power. By using Peterson’s Master TOEFL Writing Skills as a . .supplement to your other TOEFLtest preparation, you will fine-tune your writing skills and . .abilities. . . . . . GIVE US YOUR FEEDBACK . . .Peterson’s publishes a full line of resources to help guide you and your family through the . .college admission process. . . .Wewelcomeanycommentsorsuggestionsyoumayhaveaboutthispublicationandinviteyou . .to complete our online survey at www.petersons.com/booksurvey. Or you can fill out the . .survey at the back of this book, tear it out, and mail it to us at: . . . Publishing Department . . Peterson’s . . 2000 Lenox Drive . . Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 . . Your feedback will help us to provide personalized solutions for your educational . . advancement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.petersons.com . . . . . . .

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5 days ago The Integrated Writing Task of the TOEFL iBT . 8 There are 185 possible topics for the essay, but there are only four ways that