to live as brothers

344 Pages·2014·10.81 MB·English

TO LIVE AS BROTHERS
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TO LIVE AS BROTHERS
Southeast Sumatra in
the Seventeenth and
Eighteenth Centuries
Barbara Watson Andaya
University of Hawaii Press
Honolulu
© 1993 University of Hawaii Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
98 97 96 95 94 93 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Andaya, Barbara Watson.
To live as brothers: southeast Sumatra in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries / Barbara Watson Andaya.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8248-1489-4 (alk. paper)
1. Sumatera Selatan (Indonesia)-History. 2. J ambi (Indonesia:
Province)-History. I. Title.
DS646.15.S77A53 1993
959.8'I-dc20 93-1347
CIP
University of Hawaii Press books are printed on acid-free
paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability
of the Council on Library Resources.
Designed by Paula Newcomb
For My Teachers
With Respect and Thanks
CONTENTS
viii Maps
ix Acknowledgments
xi Introduction
1 CHAPTER ONE
Writing and Speaking: Approaching the History of
Southeast Sumatra
38 CHAPTER TWO
Families and Exchanges: The Seventeenth-Century
Pepper Trade
74 CHAPTER THREE
Accounts and Reckonings: Upstream-Downstream
Tensions andJambi-Palembang Rivalry
110 CHAPTER FOUR
Rulers and Memories: Good and Bad Times in
Palembang and Jambi
145 CHAPTER FIVE
Contracts and Obligations: Upstream-Downstream
Relations in Eighteenth-Century J ambi
177 CHAPTER SIX
Kings and Heroes: Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin of
Palembang (1724-1757)
211 CHAPTER SEVEN
Descriptions and Judgments: Southeast Sumatra in a
Time of "Decline"
243 CONCLUSION
To Live as Brothers
251 Abbreviations
253 Notes
293 Glossary
297 Select Bibliography
315 Index
vii
MAPS
3 Southeast Asia
15 Sumatra
88 Jambi
92 Palembang and Lampung
viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It is appropriate that indebtedness and its implications
are a concern of this book, for in its preparation I have incurred lasting
debts to many individuals and institutions. For financial support I
would like to express my sincere thanks to the University of Auckland
and the Joint Committee on Southeast Asia of the Social Science
Research Council and the American Council of Learned Societies, with
funds provided by the Ford Foundation and the National Endowment
for the Humanities. A grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion
of Science made it possible for me to spend eight months away from
teaching in 1985-1986, while the provision of a microfiche machine and
office space at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies in Kyoto enabled
me to finish archival research and begin work on a first draft. Research
was carried out in a number of countries, and for assistance in obtain-
ing material I am deeply grateful to the personnel and staff of Auckland
University Library; the Center for Southeast Asian Studies in Kyoto;
the General State Archives in The Hague; the Koninklijk Instituut voor
Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde in Leiden; Leiden University Library;
the library of the Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen, Amsterdam; the
library of the School of Oriental and African Studies of the University
of London; and the Royal Asiatic Society. I gratefully acknowledge the
assistance I received in Indonesia from the staff of the National
Archives and the Lembaga IImu Pengetahuan Indonesia in Jakarta;
officials of the Department of Education and Culture in Jambi, South
Sumatra, and Kerinci; the principal and teachers of the Pesantran Ar-
Riyadh in Palembang; and in J ambi the staff of the provincial museum
and the library of the Akademi Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri. During
the spring semester of 1991 the History Department and School of Ha-
waiian, Asian and Pacific Studies at the University of Hawaii gener-
ously provided me with access to facilities when the final draft was being
prepared for publication.
It is impossible to name all the individuals who have helped me dur-
ing the years I have been working on this book, but I can assure them
that none has been forgotten. However, there are several of whom I
should make specific mention. I would like to offer a particular tribute
to the late Dr. Margot van Opstall, a fine archivist who was of great
help during my research in the Netherlands in 1983-1984. During this
ix
x Acknowledgments
and subsequent research trips the Venema-Strube family has been a
never-failing source of personal assistance for which I am deeply
indebted. To my sponsor in Japan, Professor Narifumi Maeda, to Pro-
fessor Yoneo Ishii, then Director of Kyoto University's Center for
Southeast Asian Studies, and to all my Japanese colleagues lowe much.
Dr. Tsuyoshi Kato was particularly generous in lending me material he
had collected relating to Minangkabau influence in J ambi. During the
period I spent in Indonesia in 1986-1987 many people shared with me
their knowledge of local cultures and offered practical assistance and
hospitality. I am grateful to them all, but wish to note especially Ms.
Heather Baigent, Dr. Pierre-Yves Manguin, Dr. E. Edwards McKin-
non, Dr. Satoshi and Dr. Eriko Nakagawa, Dr. Taufik Abdullah, Mr.
E. G. Smith, Mr. Rachmad Marzuki in Jakarta; in Palembang, Drs.
Ali Mansyor, Mr. M. Ali Amin, Mr. Djohan Hanafiah, R. M. Husin
Nato Dirajo, Drs. Ali Ahmad Zen, Drs. Marzuki Ab. Yass, Dr.
K. H. O. Gadjahnata; in Jambi, Mr. Irianes, Drs. H. Ilyas Latief,
Dr. M. Chatib Quzwain, Mr. M. Nazir, Mr. Ali Ibrahim, Mrs.
Nur'aini, Mr. Syarifuddin and his family, Mr. Izhar Hamid and his
family; and in Kerinci, Mr. A. Jufri and his family. My escorts who
acted as guides in the city or travelled with me into the interior all
deserve a very special thanks for their care, patience, and kindness-in
Sumatera Selatan, Mr. Rudi Asri and Mr. Irlandi and his family, and
in Jambi Mr. M. Ceylon, Mr. M. Ichsan, Mr. Syaifullah A. Khorrie,
Mr. Suratman Effendi, and Mr. Budhi Jauhari. I also wish to thank
Professor Robert Van Niel for making my time in Hawaii possible and
Mrs. Eloise Van Niel for her advice and support. Professor O. W. Wol-
ters, Dr. William Collins, Dr. Stuart Robson, Dr. James Collins, Dr.
Elsbeth Locher-Scholten, and Dr. Nancy Florida have all provided
most welcome comments and criticism, and I thank them sincerely for
their help. Martin Leicht, projects manager in the School of Hawaian,
Asian and Pacific Studies at the University of Hawaii, and Diana
Holmes, administrative assistant in the History Department, Univer-
sity of Auckland, both went beyond the call of duty in helping me deal
with what sometimes seemed an uncooperative computer. Jonette Sur-
ridge of the University of Auckland's cartography laboratory drew the
maps, and the editorial staff of the University of Hawaii Press have
been supportive and informed.
Apart from occasionally expressing a wish that I had "a normal job
like other mothers," my daughters have been extremely tolerant of the
demands this book has made on my time, and I want them to know that
I have always appreciated this. But in the end my greatest debt is to my
husband and colleague, Leonard Andaya. Without his example, en-
couragement, and constructive criticism I honestly doubt whether this
study would have been completed.