To Hell and Back: Europe 1914-1949

570 Pages·2015·11.29 MB·English

by  Ian Kershaw

THE PENGUIN HISTORY OF EUROPE
General Editor: David Cannadine
I. SIMON PRICE AND PETER THONEMANN: The Birth of Classical Europe:
A History from Troy to Augustine*
II. CHRIS WICKHAM: The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400
to 1000*
III. WILLIAM JORDAN: Europe in the High Middle Ages*
IV. ANTHONY GRAFTON: Renaissance Europe
V. MARK GREENGRASS: Christendom Destroyed: Europe 1517–1648*
VI. TIM BLANNING: The Pursuit of Glory: Europe 1648–1815*
VII: RICHARD J. EVANS: The Pursuit of Power: Europe 1815–1914
VIII. IAN KERSHAW: To Hell and Back: Europe 1914–1949*
IX. IAN KERSHAW: Fractured Continent: Europe 1950–The Present
*already published

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Copyright © 2015 by Ian Kershaw
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First published in Great Britain by Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Random House UK
ISBN 978-0-69841150-0
Version_1
Contents
Title Page
Copyright
List of Illustrations
List of Maps
Acknowledgements
Preface
Introduction: Europe’s Era of Self-Destruction
1 On the Brink
2 The Great Disaster
3 Turbulent Peace
4 Dancing on the Volcano
5 Gathering Shadows
6 Danger Zone
7 Towards the Abyss
8 Hell on Earth
9 Quiet Transitions in the Dark Decades
10 Out of the Ashes
Photographs
Select Bibliography
Index
List of Illustrations
1. An Italian soldier seizes a Muslim flag from vanquished Ottoman troops near
Tripoli, 1911. (akg-images)
2. A German caricature of belligerent Europe in 1914. (akg-images)
3. German troops on their way to the battle of the Marne in September 1914.
(akg-images/ullstein bild)
4. The ‘Ravine of Death’, battle of Verdun, 1916. (akg-images)
5. A French poster proclaiming a ‘Day of Serbia’ on 25 June 1916 to raise
money for Serbian refugees. (akg-images/Jean-Pierre Verney)
6. ‘The Earth in 1916 seen from the Moon’. (akg-images)
7. A speaker from the German USPD addresses the crowd at a funeral on 29
December 1918. (akg-images)
8. A poster showing what Germans claimed Allied demands at the Treaty of
Versailles would mean for Germany. (akg-images)
9. French suffragettes in 1919 demanding the vote. (Fox Photos/Getty Images)
10. German propaganda during the Upper Silesian Plebiscite Campaign in 1921.
(Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty images)
11. A British tank in Cologne, c. 1920. (akg-images)
12. Signatures of those who negotiated the Treaty of Locarno in 1925. (akg-
images/picture-alliance/dpa)
13. A Kulak family is expelled from its farm in Ukraine. (akg-images/RIA
Nowosti)
14. A poster advertising the UFA-Palast cinema at Wilhelmshallen am Zoo,
Berlin, c. 1930. (akg-images)
15. The Karl-Marx-Hof, Vienna. (ullstein bild/ullstein bild via Getty Images)
16. A Nazi election rally in Frankfurt am Main, probably 28 July 1932. (akg-
images)
17. A guard standing outside the Karl-Marx-Hof in Vienna after a socialist
uprising on 12 February 1934. (ullstein bild/ullstein bild via Getty Images)
18. Fascist propaganda for the Italian ‘election’ of 26 March 1934. (Keystone-
France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)
19. Spanish troops in Africa awaiting their flight home in a Junkers-52 supplied
by Nazi Germany, August 1936. (akg-images/ullstein bild)
20. Polish men under German guard in Autumn 1939. (akg-images)
21. Members of a German propaganda company taking photos of abandoned
British war material, Dunkirk, May 1940. (akg-images)
22. London citizens taking shelter in an underground station during an air raid, 7
October 1940. (akg-images)
23. A recruiting poster for the Norwegian legion of the Waffen-SS. (akg-images)
24. German, Italian and Hungarian soldiers taken captive by the Red Army in
early 1943. (akg-images)
25. Prisoners in the concentration camp at Mauthausen in Austria in 1943. (akg-
images/ullstein bild)
26. Anti-Bolshevik propaganda poster for the ‘service of obligatory labour’
(service du travail obligatoire) in France, 1944. (Art Media/Print
Collector/Getty Images)
27. Italians watching American tanks pass by the Colosseum after the liberation
of Rome on 4 June 1944. (akg-images/Universal Images Group/SeM)
28. Warsaw in ruins at the end of the Second World War. (akg-images/Universal
Images Group/Sovfoto)
29. Sudeten Germans near Liberec (Reichenberg) in Czechoslovakia, 6 May
1946. (Sovfoto/UIG via Getty Images)
30. A poster advertising the Marshall Plan. (Archiv Gerstenberg/ullstein bild via
Getty Images)
List of Maps
Europe in 1914
European territorial changes resulting from the First World War
Europe under Nazism, late 1942
Europe in 1949
European territorial changes resulting from the Second World War