To Dare More Boldly ❖❖❖❖❖ To Dare More Boldly ❖❖❖❖❖ The Audacious Story of Political Risk John C. Hulsman Princeton University Press Princeton and Oxford Copyright © 2018 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TR press.princeton.edu Jacket art: Detail of Portrait of Sir Francis Drake (1540–96), oil on panel by unknown artist, c. 1581. IanDagnall Computing / Alamy Stock Photo Jacket design by Kathleen Lynch / Black Kat Design All Rights Reserved ISBN 978‑0‑691‑17219‑4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962507 British Library Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Minion Pro Printed on acid‑free paper. ∞ Printed in the United States of America 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 This book is for Benjamin, Matilda, and Samuel; you are all I have to offer the world, but you are far more than enough. Disturb us, Lord, when we are too well pleased with ourselves When our dreams have come true because we have dreamed too little When we arrive safely because we sailed too close to the shore. Disturb us, Lord, to dare more boldly, to venture on wider seas Where storms will show your mastery Where losing sight of land, we shall find the stars. —Excerpts from Sir Francis Drake’s prayer, 1577 (apocryphal) ❖ ❖ CONTENTS ❖ CHAPTER ONE 480 bc: Introduction—The First Political Risk Analysts: The Pythia of Delphi 1 The Pythia as the World’s First Political Risk Consultant 1 The Pythia Masters the Persians 2 The Merits of History 6 A Potted History of the Modern Political Risk Business 11 Hans Morgenthau, Realism, and Modern Geopolitical Risk 27 Brian Wilson and Greek Attributes 31 Back to the Past of the Pythia’s Lair to Glean the Future of Geopolitical Risk Analysis 36 ❖ CHAPTER TWO 31 ad: We Are the Risk; The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 42 Edward Gibbon and How Political Risk Analysts Think 42 The Rise of Sejanus and the Fall of the Roman Empire 46 An Avoidable Tragedy in France and the Root Cause of Europe’s Decline 49 Europe’s Ticking Demographic Time Bomb 52 Karl‑Theodor zu Guttenberg and Germany’s Distrust of Success 56