To Address You as My Friend: African Americans' Letters to Abraham Lincoln PDF
Preview To Address You as My Friend: African Americans' Letters to Abraham Lincoln
To Address You as My Friend This page intentionally left blank To Address You as My Friend African Americans’ Letters to Abraham Lincoln EditEd by Jonathan W. White ForEword by Edna Greene Medford The University of North Carolina Press ChapEl hill This book was published with the assistance of the John Hope Franklin Fund of the University of North Carolina Press. © 2021 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Set in Merope Basic by Westchester Publishing Services Manufactured in the United States of Amer i ca The University of North Carolina Press has been a member of the Green Press Initiative since 2003. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: White, Jonathan W., 1979– editor. Title: To address you as my friend : African Americans’ letters to Abraham Lincoln / edited by Jonathan W. White ; foreword by Edna Greene Medford. Description: Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021027328 | ISBN 9781469665078 (cloth) | ISBN 9781469665092 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Lincoln, Abraham, 1809–1865—Correspondence. | African Americans— Correspondence. | African Americans—Social conditions—19th century. | United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—African Americans. | BISAC: SOCIAL SCIENCE / Ethnic Studies / American / African American & Black Studies | HISTORY / United States / Civil War Period (1850–1877) Classification: LCC E457.2 .T625 2021 | DDC 305.896/07309034—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021027328 Cover illustration: Heard and Moseley, “Watch meeting, Dec. 31, 1862—Waiting for the hour,” carte de visite, 1863. Gladstone Collection of African American Photographs, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (LC-DIG-ppmsca-10980). For my teachers at the University of Mary land This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword by Edna Greene Medford xi Prologue: One of Lincoln’s Oldest Friends xv Note on Method xxi Introduction 1 part i | Chief Executive 1 Petitioning for Pardon 9 2 Debating Colonization 33 part ii | Commander in Chief 3 Recruiting for the Ranks 59 4 Protesting Unequal Pay for Black Soldiers 89 5 Requesting Discharge from the Ser vice 116 6 Navigating Military Justice 136 part iii | Chief Citizen 7 Appealing for Equal Treatment 165 8 Soliciting Aid for Christian Ministries 181 9 Seeking Economic Rights and Opportunities 201 10 Mementos 227 Epilogue: “I Have Lost a Friend” 235 Acknowl edgments 239 Notes 241 Bibliography 259 Index of Correspondents 271 Subject Index 275 Illustrations William Florville xvi J. Willis Menard 51 J. Sella Martin 63 Dr. Alexander T. Augusta 65 William Slade 70 Paschal B. Randolph 72 “The War in the South— Paying Off Negro Soldiers at Hilton Head, S.C.” 91 Sgt. John Freeman Shorter 101 Thomas Pepper 112 Twenty- Sixth U.S. Colored Infantry at Camp William Penn 113 Col. Louis Wagner 114 Sgt. Charles R. Douglass in uniform 126 “Avoiding the Draft—A gents of Northern States Engaging Negro Substitutes at Norfolk” 128 E. Arnold Bertonneau 172 Abraham H. Galloway 178 Rev. Leonard A. Grimes 183 John H. Kelly and Jane E. W. Kelly 185 Rev. Jeremiah Asher 186 Rev. Richard H. Cain 191 Group at L’Ouverture Hospital, Alexandria, Va. 195 Chaplain Benjamin Franklin Randolph 200 Laura M. Towne’s School, St. Helena Island, South Carolina 211
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