Tissue Printing. Tools for the Study of Anatomy, Histochemistry, And Gene Expression

190 Pages·1992·4.424 MB·English

by  Philip D. Reid (Eds.)

ISSUE
P R I N T I NG
T O O LS F OR T HE S T U DY OF
A N A T O M Y, H I S T O C H E M I S T R Y, A ND
G E NE E X P R E S S I ON
Edited by
Philip D. Reid Rafael F. Pont-Lezica
Centre de Physiologie Vegetale
Department of Biological Sciences
Universite Paul Sabatier
Smith College
Toulouse, France
Northampton, Massachusetts
Associate Editors
Elena del Campillo Rosannah Taylor
Department of Plant Biology Weed Science Laboratory
University of California at Berkeley Behsville Agricultural Research Center
Berkeley, California Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Beltsville, Maryland
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
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Copyright © 1992 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
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United Kingdom Edition published by
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tissue printing: tools for the study of anatomy, histochemistry, and
gene expression / Philip D. Reid .. . [et al.].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-12-585970-8
1. Histochemistry—Methodology. I. Reid, Philip Dean, date
QH613.T57 1992
574.8'212O28-dc20 92-7412
CIP
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
92 93 94 95 96 97 BC 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This b o ok is dedicated to P r o f e s s or
J o s e ph E. V a r n e r, C h a r l es R e b s t o ck P r o f e s s or
of Biology, W a s h i n g t on University, St. Louis,
Missouri. T e a c h e r, colleague, friend, and
inspiration to us all.
P. D. R., R. P. -L., E. d. C, & R. T".
Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
James D. Anderson, (54), Plant Hormone Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Re­
search Center (West), Agricultural Research Service, United States Depart­
ment of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Brian A. Bailey, (54), Plant Hormone Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research
Center (West), Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of
Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Roger N. Beachy, (127), Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis,
Missouri 63130
Fraulein Cabanag, (89), Department of Chemistry, Silliman University, Dumaguete
City 6200, The Philippines
Hilconida Calumpong, (89), Department of Biology, Silliman University,
Dumaguete City 6200, The Philippines
Gladys I. Cassab, (23, 63), Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Autonoma de
Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62271 Mexico1
John Castelloe, (19), Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis,
Missouri 63130
Jeffrey F. D. Dean, (54), Plant Hormone Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research
Center (West), Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of
Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Elena del Campillo, (41), Department of Plant Biology, University of California at
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
1Current affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Berkeley,
Berkeley, California 94720.
xi
xii / Contributors
Erwinia S. Duran, (89), Department of Biology, Silliman University, Dumaguete City
6200, The Philippines
William H. Flurkey, (60), Department of Chemistry, Indiana State University, Terre
Haute, Indiana 47809
Sue E. Fritz, (32), Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan Utah 84322
Melissa A. Gee, (100), Department of Biology, University of Missouri, Columbia,
Missouri 6521 I
Tom J. Guilfoyle, (100), Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Co­
lumbia, Missouri 6521 I
Gretchen Hagen, (100), Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Co­
lumbia, Missouri 65211
Avtar K. Handa, (47, 121), Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, Indiana 47907
R. W. F. Harriman, (121), Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Curtis A. Holt, (125), Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis,
Missouri 63I302
Elizabeth E. Hood, (32), Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
84322
Kendall R. Hood, (32), Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
84322
Η. T. Hsu, (131), Florist and Nursery Crops Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Re­
search Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
20705
Υ. H. Hsu, (131), Florist and Nursery Crops Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Re­
search Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
20705
Beat Keller, (35), Swiss Federal Research Station for Agronomy Zurich, Postfach
8046, Zurich, Switzerland
J. Paul Knox, (35), Department of Cell Biology, John Innes Institute, Norwich NR4
7UH, United Kingdom
R. Bruce Knox, (155), Department of Cell Biology, John Innes Institute, Norwich
NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
J.-J. Lin, (63), Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
63130
L.-S. Lin, (63), Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
63130
N. S. Lin, (131), Florist and Nursery Crops Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Re­
search Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
20705
Kurrent affiliation: Division of Plant Biology, The Scripps Research Institute,
La Jolla, California 92037.
Contributors / χϋί
Mirasol Magbanua, (89), Department of Biology, Silliman University, Dumaguete
City 6200, The Philippines
Bruce A. McClure, (100), Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Co­
lumbia, Missouri 6521 I
Daphne J. Osborne, (65), Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Ox­
ford OX2 3RA, United Kingdom3
Rafael F. Pont-Lezica, (71,143, 147, 153), Centre de Physiologie Vegetale, Univer-
site Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
Philip D. Reid, (9, 139), Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College,
Northampton, Massachusetts 01630
Keith Roberts, (35), Department of Cell Biology, John-lnnes Institute, Norwich NR4
7UH, United Kingdom
Mohan B. Singh, (155), School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victo­
ria 3052, Australia
Yan-Ru Song, (51, 95), Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100044, China
Nicola Stacey, (35), Department of Cell Biology, John Innes Institute, Norwich NR4
7UH, United Kingdom
Cenk Suphioglu, (155), School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victo­
ria 3052, Australia
Rosannah Taylor, (5, 15, 54, 163, 165), Weed Science Laboratory, Beltsville Agricul­
tural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department
of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Denise M. Tieman, (47, 121), Department of Horticulture, Purdue University,
West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Mark L. Tucker, (118), Plant Molecular Biology, United States Department of Agri­
culture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Joseph E. Varner, (I, 15, 19, 51, 59, 63, 95, 163, 165), Department of Biology,
Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
Valerie Vreeland, (89), Department of Plant Biology, University of California at
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
Zheng-Hua Ye, (51, 95), Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis,
Missouri 63130
Kurrent affiliation: Oxford Research Unit, Open University, Foxcombe Hall, Boars Hill,
Oxford ΟΧΙ 5HR, United Kingdom.
Preface
The elegant simplicity of the technique of making tissue prints on ap­
propriate substrate materials has resulted in many new applications for
both teaching and research, especially following the recent discovery
of nitrocellulose as a printing medium. The binding properties of ap­
propriately treated nitrocellulose membranes have made possible the
localization of proteins, nucleic acids, and certain carbohydrate moi­
eties in a tissue specific, or in some cases, developmentally specific
mode. Some tissues, especially plant tissue that has undergone some
lignification, can be used to produce tissue prints that reveal a remark­
able amount of anatomical detail without staining. These have been
used to permanently record developmental changes over time.
This volume is a collection of protocols detailing uses of tissue
prints. Some of these have yet to be fully exploited. We believe that
tissue printing will be used increasingly as a technique to study a wide
variety of biological problems. The protocols presented here can be
easily modified by research biologists or teachers as quick and power­
ful tools to approach as yet undefined problems. We also believe that
tissue printing will gain wide use in studying animal systems, although
printing soft tissue presents particular problems.
Whenever possible we have included protocols written by au­
thors of research articles in which tissue printing has been used. It is
our belief that having information presented by those who are actively
using the method adds both a sense of excitement and a clarity to the
xv
XVI / Preface
protocols as presented here. In some instances it was necessary for
the editors to extract protocols from the literature. We have indicated
such adaptations in the credit lines for each protocol. We refer the
reader to the paper cited for any details that may have resulted from
our own omission.
Philip D. Reid
Rafael F. Pont-Lezica
C H A P T ER π
Introduction
Joseph E. Varner
Department of Biology
Washington University
St. Louis, Missouri
I. Historical Aspects
II. Tissue Printing Demonstration
I. Historical Aspects
In 1957 R. Daoust published the first in a series of papers on substrate
film printing. This paper and succeeding ones described the localiza­
tion of protease, amylase, RNase, and DNase by the simple expedient
of placing cryostat sections of various organs (liver, kidney, pancreas,
and intestine) on substrate films of gelatin, starch, or gelatin-nucleic
acid; when the films were incubated for a few minutes and then stained
for the substrate, negative images were obtained (Daoust, 1965). The
surprisingly sharp images were possible because both the substrates
and the enzymes were macromolecules with slow diffusion rates. Ex­
amples of the resolutions possible with Daoust's procedures are
shown in Figs. I.I and 1.2. The subcellular resolution of the α-amylase
distribution in barley aleurone layer cells in Fig. 1.3 is possible because
Additional contributions to this chapter have been made by Rosannah Taylor.
TISSUE PRINTING
Copyright © 1992 by Academic Press, Inc. I
All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
2 / Joseph Ε. Varner
Figure I.I (A) A negative image in a gelatin-DNA film exposed to sections of rat
ileum for 10 min and stained with toluidine blue (40X magnification). (B)
Corresponding tissue section (X 40 magnification) stained with toluidine blue. From
"Localization of Deoxyribonuclease in Tissue Sections" by R. Daoust (1957). Journal
of Experimental Cell Research 12, 203-21 I.
Figure 1.2 Rabbit spermatozoa on gelatin membrane stained with India ink. The
light halos result from the proteolytic dispersion of India ink particles (800X
magnification). From "Proteolytic Reaction of Mammalian Spermatozoa on Gelatin
Membranes" by P. Gaddum and R.J. Blandau (1970). Science 170, 749-751.