Tissue Elasticity Imaging: Volume 2: Clinical Applications PDF
Preview Tissue Elasticity Imaging: Volume 2: Clinical Applications
Tissue Elasticity Imaging Volume 2: Clinical Applications Edited by S. Kaisar Alam Imagine Consulting LLC Dayton, NJ, United States The Center for Computational Biomedicine Imaging and Modeling (CBIM) Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ, United States Brian S. Garra Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyright©2020ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgein evaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribed herein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafety andthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessional responsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,or editors,assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasa matterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofany methods,products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-0-12-809662-8 ForinformationonallElsevierpublicationsvisitourwebsiteat https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:SusanDennis AcquisitionEditor:AnitaKoch EditorialProjectManager:LindsayLawrence ProductionProjectManager:PaulPrasadChandramohan CoverDesigner:MatthewLimbert TypesetbyTNQTechnologies Contributors M. Abd Ellah Department ofRadiology,Medical University ofInnsbruck,Innsbruck,Tyrol, Austria;DepartmentofDiagnosticRadiology,SouthEgyptCancerInstitute,Assiut University,Assiut, Egypt;Radiology/Neuroradiology Department Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm, Germany RichardG. Barr Radiology,Northeast Ohio Medical University,RadiologyConsultantsInc., Youngstown, OH, United States Fanny L. Casado Instituto de Ciencias O´micasy Biotecnologı´aAplicada, Pontificia Universidad Cato´lica delPeru´, Lima, Peru´ BenjaminCastaneda Laboratorio de Ima´genes Me´dicas, Pontificia Universidad Cato´licadelPeru´, Lima, Peru Manjiri Dighe DepartmentofRadiology,Abdominalimagingsection,UniversityofWashington, Seattle,WA, United States Helen Feltovich Maternal-Fetal Medicine,Intermountain Healthcare, Provo, UT, United States; QuantitativeUltrasoundLaboratory,DepartmentofMedicalPhysics,Universityof Wisconsin,Madison, WI, United States BrianS. Garra Division ofImaging,Diagnostics and SoftwareReliability,Office ofScience and Engineering Laboratories,CDRH,FDA, Silver Spring,Maryland,MD, United States Eduardo Gonzalez Laboratorio de Ima´genes Me´dicas, Pontificia Universidad Cato´licadelPeru´, Lima, Peru;Department ofBiomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United State Kullervo Hynynen Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute;Department of Medical Biophysics and InstituteofBiomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University ofToronto,Toronto, ON, Canada A.S. Klauser Department ofRadiology,Medical University ofInnsbruck,Innsbruck,Tyrol, Austria xi xii Contributors Elisa Konofagou ColumbiaUniversity,New York, NY,United States Roxana S¸irli Department ofGastroenterologyandHepatology, Victor Babes¸ University of Medicine and Pharmacy,Timis¸oara, Romania Ioan Sporea Department ofGastroenterologyandHepatology, Victor Babes¸ University of Medicine and Pharmacy,Timis¸oara, Romania M. Taljanovic Department ofMedical Imaging,University ofArizona, College ofMedicine, Banner- University Medical Center,Tucson, AZ, United States About the editors S. Kaisar Alam, Ph.D. PresidentandChiefEngineer,ImagineConsultingLLC,Dayton,NJ,UnitedStates Visiting Research Faculty, Center for Computational Biomedicine Imaging and Modeling (CBIM),RutgersUniversity, Piscataway,NJ, United States Adjunct Faculty, Electrical & Computer Engineering, The College of New Jersey (TCNJ),Ewing,NJ, United States Dr. S. Kaisar Alam received his B.Tech (Honors) from IIT, Kharagpur, India. Following a 3-year stint as a Lecturer at RUET, Bangladesh, he came to the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, for graduate studies and received hisM.S.andPh.D.degreesinelectricalengineeringin1991and1996,respectively. After spending 3years (1995e1998) as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Dr. Alam was a Principal Investigator at RiversideResearch,NewYork,from1998to2013,workingonavarietyofresearch topics inbiomedical imaging. Hewas the Chief ResearchOfficer at Improlabs Pte Ltd, an upcoming tech startup in Singapore until 2017. Then he founded his own consultingcompanyforbiomedicalimageanalysis,signalprocessing,andmedical imaging.Hehasalsobeeninvolvedintrainingandmentoringhighschoolstudents. HehasbeenavisitingresearchprofessoratCBIM,RutgersUniversity,Piscataway, NewJersey(since2013),avisitingprofessoratIUT,Gazipur,Bangladesh(2010and 2012), and an adjunct faculty at The College of New Jersey (TCNJ), Ewing, New Jersey(since 2017). Dr.Alamhasbeenactiveinresearchformorethan30years.Hisresearchinterests includediagnosticandtherapeuticapplicationsofultrasoundandoptics,andsignal/ imageprocessingwithapplicationstomedicalimaging.Theareasofhismostactive research include elasticity imaging and quantitativeultrasound; he is among a few researchers with experience in both quasistatic and dynamic elasticity imaging. Dr.Alamhaswrittenover40papersininternationaljournalsandholdsseveralpat- ents.HeisacoauthorofthetextbookComputationalHealthInformatics(tobepub- lished late 2019 or early 2020 by CRC Press). He is a Fellow of AIUM, a Senior Member of IEEE, and a Member of Sigma Xi, AAPM, ASA, and SPIE. Dr. Alam hasservedintheAIUMTechnicalStandardsCommitteeandtheUltrasoundCoor- dinatingCommitteeoftheRSNAQuantitativeImagingBiomarkerAlliance(QIBA). HeisanAssociateEditorofUltrasonics(Elsevier)andUltrasonicImaging(Sage). Dr.AlamwasarecipientoftheprestigiousFulbrightScholarAwardin2011e2012. xiii xiv About the editors Brian S. Garra, M.D. Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability, Office of Science and EngineeringLaboratories,CenterforDevicesandRadiologicalHealth,FDA,Silver Spring, MD, UnitedStates Dr. Brian S. Garra completed his residency training at the University of Utah and spent 3years as an Army radiologist in Germany before returning to Washington DC and the National Institutes of Health in the mid 1980s. After 4years at the NIH, he joined the faculty of Georgetown University as Director of Ultrasound. In 1998, he left Georgetown to become Professor & Vice Chairman of Radiology attheUniversityofVermont/FletcherAllenHealthcare.In2009,Dr.Garrareturned totheWashingtonDCareaasChiefofImagingSystems&ResearchinRadiologyat theWashingtonDCVeteransAffairsMedicalCenter.InApril2010,healsojoined the FDA as an Associate Director in the Division of Imaging and Applied Mathe- matics/OSEL. In 2018, he left the VA and currently splits his time between the FDAand private practice radiologyin Florida. Dr. Garra’s clinical activities include spinal MRI and general ultrasound. His research interests include PACS, digital signal processing, and quantitative ultra- sound including Doppler, ultrasound elastography, and photoacoustic tomography. He was chair of the FDA radiological Devices Panel from 1999 to 2002 and has beeninvolvedintheapprovalofseveralnewtechnologiesincludinghighresolution breast ultrasound, the first digital mammographic system, the first computer-aided detection system for mammography, and the first computer-aided nodule detection system for chest radiographs as well as the ultrasound contrast agent albunex. He alsoledtheteamthatdevelopedtheAIUMbreastultrasoundaccreditationprogram, and helped develop the ARDMS registry in breast ultrasound. He is currently also Vice Chairman of the Ultrasound Coordinating Committee of the RSNAQuantita- tive Imaging Biomarker Alliance (QIBA) and is the Principal Author of the forth- coming QIBA Ultrasound Shear Wave Speed Profile which will provide a standard approach to acquisition of shear wave speed data for research, clinical application,and regulatorytesting. Foreword Given the heavy relatively successful use of manual palpation over the past few thousand years, the ultrasound community, and medicine in general, was very excitedtounderstandandrealizethepossibilityofmeasuringandimagingthestiff- nessoftissues.Thisincludedtissuestoodeepformanualpalpation.Improvingthe spatialandquantitativefidelityofelasticityimageswasaddressedaggressively.Also pursuedweremanyextensionsrelatedtoelasticproperties,suchastheanisotropyof elasticity,thecomplexelasticmodulus(viscousandelasticcomponents),andelas- ticityasa functionof time under compression. This two-volume book Tissue Elasticity Imaging extensively covers the princi- ples,implementation,andapplicationsofalltheseapproachestoimagethebiome- chanical properties of tissues. The achieved and future biomedical applications of these many capabilities are alsowell explained, as are important optical and mag- neticresonanceimagingtechniquesthatfollowed,andthatsometimesleapedahead of the manyultrasounddevelopments. Theserapidadvancesarebroughttolifeforthereaderofthesebooksbyphysi- ciansandotherimagingscientistsandengineerswhomadeleadingadvancesineach of the covered areas. I initially wished to list key lead authors with a summary of theircontributions,butthatwouldessentiallyberepeatingmostofthetableofcon- tents.Theeditorsofthesebooks,Drs.BrianGarraandS.KaisarAlam,excelledin recruiting the many luminaries to author the various chapters, defining the topics, andeditingtheworkforreadabilitybythetargetaudienceofimagingscientists,en- gineers, entrepreneurs, clinicians, and operators of the systems. The work should serveasadefinitivereferenceforthoseteachingandthosewritingshorterexplana- tionsforvariousgroups.Thisisamuch-neededworkinthefield.Luckily,itwillnot be the last, as advances are and will continue tobemade. PaulL. Carson,Ph.D. Universityof Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan United States July 14, 2019 xv Preface Volume 2 of Tissue Elasticity Imaging reviews the state of clinical elastographic applications as of late 2018. It begins with an introductory chapter that contains a briefexplanationofelastographybasics,discussesattemptstostandardizequantita- tiveelastographyforapplicationssuchasdetectionandimagingofliverfibrosis,and discussessomeofthereasonswhyelastographyisnotusedmorewidely(atleastin the United States) 20 years after the technique was first introduced. Potential ave- nues for futurework in elastography are also discussed. The later chapters discuss various specific applications and their potential for widespread clinical use from the perspectiveofleaders in clinical elastographywho author those chapters. Asclinicalelastographyinallofitsformsisprogressingrapidlyandevolvingas new clinical applications are explored, some of the specifics in each chapter may quickly become somewhat outdated. The reader can however use the authors of thechaptersandthereferencesgivenineachchapterasresourcestoobtainguidance onthelatestineachareaofclinicalelastography.Thereadermaycontactthechapter andreference authors byemailorothermeansandmaysearch viagoogleorother searchenginesonthetypeofelastographyandtheauthorname(s)toobtainnewin- formationoneachclinicalelastographicapplicationandinformationonnewappli- cations coming online. Ihopethatcliniciansnewtoelastographywillfindthisvolumeusefulasawayto getintroducedtotheuseofelastographyinyourareaofclinicalinterestandexper- tise.Ifthebriefexplanationsofthebasicscienceandmethodsbywhichelastograms arecreatedarenotsufficient,Isuggestthatthereaderrefertothemoredetaileddis- cussions inVolume 1. Forthosecliniciansalreadyusingelastography,Ihopeyouwillfindinthisvol- umesometipsonhowtorefineyourelastographictechniquesandinsightintonew waysto use elastography that you may not have already considered. Forbasicsci- entistsinterestedinelastography,thisvolumewillintroducetoyouthewidevariety ofclinicalapplicationsandproblemswithusingthecurrenttechnologyforthoseap- plications.Itshouldhelpyoutoexplorewaysinwhichelastographytechnologycan beimprovedtoprovideeasiertouseelastographicsystemsthatprovidehigherqual- ity imaging and quantification for clinical use. Ilookforwardtoparticipatewithyouallinhelpingelastographyrealizeitsvast potential for improvingthe healthofpatients.Thefuturewill beexciting! Brian S. Garra May 31, 2019 xvii xviii Preface Chapter reviewers: Volume 2: Clinicalapplications Arrigo Fruscalzo Caroline Malecke David Cosgrove (nowdeceased) Eleni E Drakonaki Giovanna Ferraioli Jonathan Langdon Manjiri D.Dighe MatthewUrban MohammadMehrmohammadi Ogonna K.Nwawka Qian Li Remi Souchon Richard Barr Richard Lopata SiddharthaSikdar
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