Table Of Content

e F eZF SE PF School eRS~ See BINA NN a EN a eg ea ng at aeSISE eS ESSES SES :—SSSS SSE SS SSS = a LS OR ET=A T NODoOaoSeS=SOSS RRLRRA EREf 1I Ieae I < |DSae ntgecnam egST RaaS O aRT SSS — ESES2S S RSS ESo T SBie i : S SSS SSSSS > > N> = eos 0OOTTnTa POoe ePe e nDceae an ei PaO OASDOO i OO : DDOOE LLS LLELEDEDILL LF SLPFL P PPPP x = —e RNOa SottaLoT tON ADDSA RN DSt ao Syni a ra N~ N : xs TSSS S S BF SPIa o PIII SOS AIOE DpP o ae ee es SF SS 3 Srm rs ae O0TcN en SS a Pe re SSS SE S SS LSFLS LIL I LS TEOD Ler E nO Pce ine ge OO Ge OR aa a I ES eaee hRO OS FD OE GO pd : a: e OTPLP1TEEO ALLO PAPPTOPE P EGCE LDIE DOAPCLP PIPPISPT EP EE FE P FFP Ze N eee CSS Sete SPSESP ISDE PAD SIPS PILE DLE PEEP DP IPP E SeeEELEDIP FPDNPI EP PPPDP ESILPGFPPEDE LD LE P E DSSEEEEPL SEPOOS oS e EE 2 es : Z = =.= = tgn eeeaeaeeeS aS =aea— S SS S - : EESLEAEPLEOOLFSLPO DP E G PC = Ta DEF SSS oeOe : SSLILIES LSEEe D eID IIR LDDL LDDLP LLLP LA L GDRAGzSi FFZ LFFSL LCEPi E rPeA OLO FSFE ESRF“PDBaDS EIAeL SSeSP SAnLSSPan ter eSS E=PeI SD > 2 a2S SS eee cs ra loe eas 3 SS a1 PII DISS LOPS IID II E ey DIT AD TLDL ILI LAO SIEL SOS SISO SSOP OCS SECS x = o 4 gS 2 yD4CeeALnOnENs , I “ Zz SOR Aa ? | OPE OOOO ee eg aei 5( SITE Soe: noe OO aD Nts SLI SD SS 5re = a35 ~~. ee e “a 4 a Pw PCat oS : ta Seta e nO Ag OL Oa Og togo GRRE CA EAPO EO POOL RDI IS TRIAGE 64 A LOL AD lA EDO Co A LOLA OLOAN ERD oe LE O_O a ee ee I e e “ : SEE I ON PPA ODL PIAA ED TDI ED OE LEAL DD ILIAD DAA PAILS : 7I teat ETD CEIDE LAID PPA AAPA E Soe ar a / LOPLI IS I aay SIDI PLD II PIElS PE TODA AEE LPA AOE SSS SS SSS Oeee ees SS LI IIRL PALE DILL en IN OAS ALE IE IID IaE : SES SSSY ee SEeeS S a : ‘ l: SF FF lp ILS LIS SSOP Oa IPA DOEDEDLe a h ODND OS NOER AEN DR N PnaeAte eIeNa a Raa na eaaen S ee AAA ASL eS eee e Oa OOOOe 5 2 Re ee ae % r> So eS 2 ne ore SIDS LEIPL AE DpIE PDSORA IP PO PeSpC SO OE DNP PeDDP LO RA APRAP PRA RLER PL ORLA SSS ESSSE DS SESSILIS LTA TEI g SSeeren “ Ee A) RIOT PO Ea OO OLD, TOOa S neg ON a oD a I eON eg Dh nt ea S OO SSCOD SD OD O OPSSO SCET egaeda ao OnprE DAEIA~ ERA OL I O2 A LED O AA D pBee OLSeoeOg S aR OESTNN S O ae eSPEEeD SS ED OO NOL : APAIAE LIPLPPA es : . Sen gen em npn CAE EOD OE AI OD OO x ann m= FFOSS Fo SO SPSPLOD Deet ASDLDL PEED ESLL OOTA TDA TuO l lA LLINE E T SL ‘ oe EI Se eAe e L= IDIA= DL a2 TS a O= SE OSaeeog ag. eeee EoSI L ASS ID OPPO AIOE IDS SR OGD RATES Sa a RE ee nag aaot NeN FO gD OD EP PIED DEED PEE PII SEPP EES aE Se SRN ATA ee n ee FEI ISOD LITTD OD CAEADR PII EA gLeIamie nyrDO , aRepna cLeo m OSe SD LabDAEBE DEOR EOLOILgOee RIeOE I tO LegOog egee Sarat Iaren EOOeS 5 = = : ELLLEE P A SL TO eect LISII LIL D SALLII IL EP REIS: = a AF <> PSs> > AoC Os é i - = ~ 4 <4 2 SS ¥ Zz - FFe eea= e s = > SS IenI e)E Oe E D<: => EES > ~ fat2 S A agFE EEELLELE DTFLoOSe aA eeaRA R LL I SFLIIOSSPD S ISDSLPOOL S EP PPA IEE E ISAPLD GSSn e OnOSE e ee OG LALAS9,EXi 0LDg5 .E OD= ,e DSAAI LFAEae A = AO D SS: ae Bne anZ eea er Seee3 2 = 5 ° s = ope SA; S eS PL DIO SSID : > Pn “.a Ss m aroaneS . a - a OOSE TAAADLLEAO EICNESSDLEC ODODA OEARS CROASA B SCGRo EEa ECREE e o-9 - er > 7 nO rr 7 Ae oe SIIIeISS aP AEO Bs SSOS II DDE OST OOO OA GCISG RAT I OEO RNATT EATS! POIIFP PIE wg J Aapth iR BA Ee EOD OTDy e On a LoD O WO cs = - Ce eee. 5 0 PP PPP FS Se a ARR r- - OL IO OS: S- SaeISaO eAa eSLO eA DTAA EAP FAAS RDASA OO <2 DOO geP S a pe On OO Ont eP O Det OO EEO On Oe xSES s eOSCR4EOe T e8 i P Ai a IS DPSS KAS non Ate OOO eee = Se : an sa : Fase een ge EE pa OO SSSSS Sa ee Seeee “ 2 BSS << SO Oe T= e, Bete aS KoA on. \ ~ - =e Caan oN ee- s ae, Sa :e e ae BESr e ~~ e—e CEOS : SR ee : ea ee = ; : : : : "Rp ean ee anaes ea $ KARA FRR S00 = 2 ~ atatate DSe Re = Leererieoes See Spee eee Sees tne nia aan on wai en ne Ome Seater S S ot Rey eT Me eet ae See Sees ante er ars mee ; Peveigee Dae aL Ogee Oe Nn AN IE tees ies Ss SOIR RE Re a : : SEPERATE OEE Saat Cota nie wasenomentteeg rsapr ee OTTO = Se peco nent nie Oogera trent Meera enna e een oa etter OTs o enone geet e aN OREO a . Ce Rinnee n ee meeeoce Painsa a in ena Oe Ca BOO Se staan 2 ete Se OO a oe aga ean DR eR OO eS RP : : : See are S : we Sano ee, NTN ene a OO ee Sorat naanats ¢ inte ae aeSt e SS = Roar Se eR aa = = aSOARerEG eee eS aSACen ES ; toselenn a t : 2 eRR eee nnen gr OO Nate ETS Fs ; etDe! eh ateten cona sec CoN SPOS 6 OOO OO Sees ees Se Tecace ann ae rSERINE RS IOI Se NE RRo O a enGnRe rDEeoapeeaem EBeoeeA S R OOnSSNés 2Oe OR e== eiE Ecoo ee eSSEORcS pepe S ioOee tac o irs c eS e L © The Library — of the CLAREMONT SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY 1325 North College Avenue Claremont, CA 91711-3199 | 1/800-626-7820 | 7 2 ne a o a mae; =. Publications of THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM QEDEM Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM 37 Editorial Board A. BELFER-COHEN, E. STERN, Y. TSAFRIR TIMNAH (TEL BATASH) FINAL REPORTS I Expedition Director: George L. Kelm INS CRS HOOF, yes /7O TS os (37 Eg") Amihai Mazar TIMNAH (TEL BATASH) I STRATIGRAPHY AND ARCHITECTURE TEXT Research Assistant: Nava Panitz-Cohen Participants: George L. Kelm, Merylin Copland, Arlene Miller Rosen Plans and sections: L. Ritmeyer, M. Caplan Photography: George L. Kelm Published with the assistance of Les Amis Belges de l'Université Hébraique de Jérusalem Fheclogy Library SCHOOL OF THEOLOEF AT CLAREMONT Cali omnia Copyright by The Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel ISSN 0333-5844 Printed and bound by Keterpress Enterprises, Jerusalem CONTENTS List of Text Figures Vill List of Plans and Sections IX Preface to the Timnah (Tel Batash) Final Reports — G.L. Kelm XI Preface to the Present Volume — A. Mazar XII Stratigraphic Table XIV Abbreviations and Signs XIV He The Site: General Background. The Discovery of Tel Batash Location and Environmental Data The Morphology of the Mound The Identification of Tel Batash with Timnah WWF Timnah in Historical Sources II. The Excavation — A. Mazar and G.L. Kelm. The Expedition 1] Excavation Strategy and Development 13 Field Methodology 14 Registration and Documentation LS The Stratigraphic Sequence 18 Processing of the Finds and Publication Agenda 18 Ul. AreaA 21 Introduction 21 The Middle Bronze Age Rampart and Moat (Strata XII-XI) Zh The Late Bronze Age Structural Remains 23 The Iron Age II Fortification System 28 Correlation of Phases and Strata 30 Area A Locus List 31 Area A Wall List 32 IV. Area B 33 Introduction 33 Strata XII-XI 34 Stratum X 4] Stratum IX 45 Stratum VIII 52 Stratum VII 58 Stratum VI 12 Stratum V 76 Iron Age II Remains 82 The Eastern Terrace 82 Area B Locus List 83 Area B Wall List 89 V. Area J — A. Mazar and M. Copland 93 Strata VII-VI 93 Stratum V 93 Stratum IV 94 Strata ITI-II 94 VE Area C . 95 Introduction 5 Architectural Remains of the Late Bronze Age oi Stratum V 98 Drain 609 103 Stratum IV: The Gate and Additional Structures 105 Strata II-III: The Gate Structure 111 Structural Remains of the Persian Period 126 Late Pits 126 Late Terraces 126 Conclusions 128 Area C Locus List 128 Area C Wall List 134 VII. Area H . 137 Introduction 137 Stratum IV 139 Stratum III 142 Stratum II 150 Remains of Phase IIA and Stratum I 162 Late Pits 164 Area H Locus List 165 Area H Wall List 171 VIII. AreaG . 173 Stratum II 173 Stratum I is IX. Areas D and E (Area D written with G.L. Kelm) . 1S Introduction Lis Stratum V 177 Stratum IV 180 The Iron Age II City Wall (Strata ITI-ID) 186 Building Remains of Stratum III in Area D 187 Building Remains of Stratum HI in Area E 194 Strata IJJ-II Streets in Areas D and E 199 Building Remains of Stratum IJ in Areas D and E 201 Stratum I 223 The Late Cemetery 225 Area D Locus List 224 Area E Locus List 229 Area D Wall List 232 Area E Wall List 234 x Area F — M. Copland and A. Mazar . 23M, Stratum II PM) Stratum I 244 Area F Locus List 246 Area F Wall List 247 XI. Interpretation of the Architectural Evidence . 249 The Middle Bronze Age 249 The Late Bronze Age 292 The Iron Age I 254 The Iron Age II 254 Appendix: Analysis of Bricks from Tel Batash — A. Miller Rosen 264 Bibliography 265