Time-Domain Electromagnetic Reciprocity in Antenna Modeling

228 Pages·2020·3.794 MB·English

by  Martin Stumpf

TIME-DOMAIN
ELECTROMAGNETIC
RECIPROCITY IN
ANTENNA MODELING
IEEEPress
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IEEEPressEditorialBoard
EkramHossain,EditorinChief
DavidAlanGrier AndreasMolisch DiomidisSpinellis
DonaldHeirman SaeidNahavandi SarahSpurgeon
ElyaB.Joffe RayPerez AhmetMuratTekalp
XiaoouLi JeffreyReed
TIME-DOMAIN
ELECTROMAGNETIC
RECIPROCITY IN
ANTENNA MODELING
MARTIN SˇTUMPF
IEEEAntennasandPropagationSociety,Sponsor
TheIEEEPressSeriesonElectromagneticWaveTheory
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Dedicatedtomyparents
CONTENTS
PREFACE xiii
ACRONYMS xv
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Synopsis 2
1.2 Prerequisites 5
1.2.1 One-SidedLaplaceTransformation 6
1.2.2 Lorentz’sReciprocityTheorem 8
2 CAGNIARD-DEHOOPMETHODOFMOMENTSFOR
THIN-WIREANTENNAS 15
2.1 ProblemDescription 15
2.2 ProblemFormulation 16
2.3 ProblemSolution 18
2.4 AntennaExcitation 20
2.4.1 Plane-WaveExcitation 20
2.4.2 Delta-GapExcitation 21
IllustrativeExample 22
vii
viii CONTENTS
3 PULSEDEMMUTUALCOUPLINGBETWEENPARALLEL
WIREANTENNAS 25
3.1 ProblemDescription 25
3.2 ProblemFormulation 26
3.3 ProblemSolution 27
4 INCORPORATINGWIRE-ANTENNALOSSES 29
4.1 ModificationoftheImpedanceMatrix 30
5 CONNECTINGALUMPEDELEMENTTOTHEWIRE
ANTENNA 31
5.1 ModificationoftheImpedanceMatrix 32
6 PULSEDEMRADIATIONFROMASTRAIGHTWIRE
ANTENNA 35
6.1 ProblemDescription 35
6.2 Source-TypeRepresentationsfortheTDRadiatedEMFields 36
6.3 Far-FieldTDRadiationCharacteristics 38
7 EMRECIPROCITYBASEDCALCULATIONOFTD
RADIATIONCHARACTERISTICS 41
7.1 ProblemDescription 41
7.2 ProblemSolution 42
IllustrativeNumericalExample 43
8 INFLUENCEOFAWIRESCATTERERONATRANSMITTING
WIREANTENNA 47
8.1 ProblemDescription 47
8.2 ProblemSolution 48
IllustrativeNumericalExample 49
9 INFLUENCEOFALUMPEDLOADONEMSCATTERING
OFARECEIVINGWIREANTENNA 53
9.1 ProblemDescription 53
9.2 ProblemSolution 54
IllustrativeNumericalExample 55
CONTENTS ix
10 INFLUENCEOFAWIRESCATTERERONARECEIVING
WIREANTENNA 59
10.1 ProblemDescription 59
10.2 ProblemSolution 59
IllustrativeNumericalExample 61
11 EM-FIELDCOUPLINGTOTRANSMISSIONLINES 65
11.1 Introduction 65
11.2 ProblemDescription 68
11.3 EM-Field-To-LineInteraction 68
11.4 RelationtoAgrawalCouplingModel 71
11.5 AlternativeCouplingModelsBasedonEMReciprocity 73
11.5.1 EMPlane-WaveIncidence 73
11.5.2 KnownEMSourceDistribution 74
12 EMPLANE-WAVEINDUCEDTHE´VENIN’SVOLTAGE
ONTRANSMISSIONLINES 77
12.1 TransmissionLineAbovethePerfectGround 77
12.1.1 The´venin’sVoltageatx=x 78
1
12.1.2 The´venin’sVoltageatx=x 81
2
12.2 NarrowTraceonaGroundedSlab 83
12.2.1 The´venin’sVoltageatx=x 85
1
12.2.2 The´venin’sVoltageatx=x 88
2
IllustrativeNumericalExample 89
13 VED-INDUCEDTHE´VENIN’SVOLTAGEONTRANSMISSION
LINES 93
13.1 TransmissionLineAbovethePerfectGround 93
13.1.1 ExcitationEMFields 94
13.1.2 The´venin’sVoltageatx=x 97
1
13.1.3 The´venin’sVoltageatx=x 98
2
13.2 InfluenceofFiniteGroundConductivity 98
13.2.1 ExcitationEMFields 98
13.2.2 CorrectiontoThe´venin’sVoltageatx=x 100
1
13.2.3 CorrectiontoThe´venin’sVoltageatx=x 101
2
IllustrativeNumericalExample 101
x CONTENTS
14 CAGNIARD-DEHOOPMETHODOFMOMENTSFOR
PLANAR-STRIPANTENNAS 103
14.1 ProblemDescription 105
14.2 ProblemFormulation 106
14.3 ProblemSolution 107
14.4 AntennaExcitation 109
14.4.1 Plane-WaveExcitation 110
14.4.2 Delta-GapExcitation 111
14.5 ExtensiontoaWide-StripAntenna 111
IllustrativeNumericalExample 117
15 INCORPORATINGSTRIP-ANTENNALOSSES 121
15.1 ModificationoftheImpeditivityMatrix 122
15.1.1 StripwithConductiveProperties 123
15.1.2 StripwithDielectricProperties 123
15.1.3 StripwithConductiveandDielectricProperties 124
15.1.4 StripwithDrude-TypeDispersion 124
16 CONNECTINGALUMPEDELEMENTTOTHESTRIP
ANTENNA 125
16.1 ModificationoftheImpeditivityMatrix 126
17 INCLUDINGAPECGROUNDPLANE 129
17.1 ProblemDescription 129
17.2 ProblemFormulation 130
17.3 ProblemSolution 131
17.4 AntennaExcitation 132
IllustrativeNumericalExample 133
A AGREEN’SFUNCTIONREPRESENTATIONINAN
UNBOUNDED,HOMOGENEOUS,ANDISOTROPICMEDIUM 137
B TIME-DOMAINRESPONSEOFANINFINITECYLINDRICAL
ANTENNA 141
B.1 Transform-DomainSolution 141
B.2 Time-DomainSolution 143