Time and Tide: The Feminist and Cultural Politics of a Modern Magazine

321 Pages·2018·16.762 MB·English

by  Catherine Clay

Time and Tide
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Time and Tide
The Feminist and Cultural Politics
of a Modern Magazine
Catherine Clay
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Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish
academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social
sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to
produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website:
edinburghuniversitypress.com
© Catherine Clay, 2018
Edinburgh University Press Ltd
The Tun – Holyrood Road,
12(2f) Jackson’s Entry,
Edinburgh EH8 8PJ
Typeset in 11/13 Adobe Sabon by
IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd, and
printed and bound in Great Britain.
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978 1 4744 1818 8 (hardback)
ISBN 978 1 4744 1819 5 (webready PDF)
ISBN 978 1 4744 1820 1 (epub)
The right of Catherine Clay to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted
in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and the Copyright and
Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498).
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Contents
List of Illustrations vi
Acknowledgements viii
Abbreviations xii
Introduction: Time and Tide – Origins, Founders and Goals 1
Part I: The Early Years, 1920–1928
1. A New Feminist Venture: Work, Professionalism and
the Modern Woman 15
2. ‘The Weekly Crowd. By Chimaera’: Collective Identities
and Radical Culture 41
3. Mediating Culture: Modernism, the Arts and the
Woman Reader 75
Part II: Expansion, 1928–1935
4. ‘The Courage to Advertise’: Cultural Tastemakers and
‘Journals of Opinion’ 105
5. ‘A Common Platform’: Male Contributors and
Cross-Gender Collaboration 141
6. ‘The Enjoyment of Literature’: Women Writers and
the ‘Battle of the Brows’ 177
Part III: Reorientation, 1935–1939
7. A New Partnership: Art, Money and Religion 211
8. A ‘Free Pen’: Women Intellectuals and the Public Sphere 241
Coda 273
Bibliography 279
Index 296
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List of Illustrations
Figure 1.1 Advertisement for Time and Tide in the Woman
Engineer Sep 1925. 24
Figure 1.2 Advertisement for Time and Tide in the Woman
Engineer Dec 1925. 27
Figure 2.1 ‘The Weekly Crowd. By Chimaera’, Time and Tide
19 May 1922. 44
Figure 2.2a Time and Tide Masthead, 14 May 1920. 46
Figure 2.2b Time and Tide Masthead, 14 July 1922. 47
Figure 2.3 ‘The Striking Week. By Chimaera’, Time and Tide
14 May 1926. 61
Figure 2.4 ‘The Monthly Calendar’, Time and Tide
6 May 1927. 69
Figure 3.1 ‘March of the Women’, Time and Tide
18 May 1928. 81
Figure 4.1 Time and Tide front cover, 13 Dec 1929. 110
Figure 4.2 Time and Tide front cover, 27 Dec 1930. 112
Figure 4.3 Advertisement for Good Housekeeping in
Time and Tide 4 Mar 1927. 113
Figure 4.4 Advertisement for the Nation and Athenaeum in
Time and Tide 11 Mar 1927. 115
Figure 4.5 Advertisement for Time and Tide in the Nation
and Athenaeum 17 Nov 1928. 121
Figure 4.6 ‘Lampoons of Literary Celebrities’, Time and
Tide 25 Nov 1927. 125
Figure 4.7 Time and Tide Masthead, 10 May 1929. 126
Figure 4.8 ‘Parnassus in Academe’, Time and Tide
28 Dec 1928. 129
Figure 5.1 ‘Saint Bernard on All Saints Day’, Time and Tide
8 Nov 1929. 145
Figure 5.2 Foreign Affairs Supplement to Time and
Tide 1927. 150
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List of Illustrations vii
Figure 5.3 Travel Advertisements in Time and Tide
15 Nov 1929. 152
Figure 5.4 Drawing by Edmond Xavier Kapp, Time and Tide
12 July 1930. 154
Figure 5.5 Facsimile of Letter from Ezra Pound to Norman
Angell, Time and Tide 11 May 1935. 158
Figure 6.1 ‘The Diary of a Provincial Lady’ and ‘The Italian
Exhibition’, Time and Tide 10 Jan 1930. 184
Figure 7.1 Time and Tide front cover, 14 Dec 1935. 213
Figure 7.2 ‘Plan of Work (Ideal)’. 223
Figure 7.3 ‘Art for Life’s Sake’, Time and Tide
22 Feb 1936. 230
Figure 8.1 Time and Tide Masthead, 14 Nov 1936. 244
Figure 8.2 Sample of Theodora Bosanquet’s Automatic
Writing, 1937. 250
Figure 8.3 ‘Agenda for Peace’, Time and Tide 25 Apr 1936. 257
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Acknowledgements
I have spent many years researching and writing this book, and it
would never have reached completion without the generous help and
support of numerous organisations and individuals. The fi rst of three
British Academy Small Research Grants started the whole project
off as early as 2005, and an AHRC Research Fellowship in 2011
enabled me to complete the primary research and produce a fi rst
draft of the book. I am grateful both to these funding bodies and
their external assessors who recognised Time and Tide’s signifi cance
and the value of this research, and enabled me to conduct the numer-
ous visits to archival collections in the UK and the US which were
essential for reconstructing for the fi rst time the history and work-
ings of this fascinating periodical. The book expanded signifi cantly
beyond its original remit, and I am indebted to Nottingham Trent
University, too, for the two research sabbaticals I was awarded to
work on this project.
I am also grateful to all the archivists and librarians who have
assisted me in my research. Andy Simons of the British Library pro-
vided much practical assistance in my searches of the newspaper and
periodical archive, and I thank the following libraries and archives for
their assistance and permission to quote from their collections: Ball
State University Archives and Special Collections; the Beinecke Rare
Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University; the Bodleian Library;
Cambridge University Library; Cornell University Library (Division of
Rare and Manuscript Collections); Fales Library and Special Collec-
tions, New York University Libraries; Girton College Library, Cam-
bridge; Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas at Austin; the
Houghton library, Harvard University; Hull History Centre; King’s
College Library, Cambridge; Mass Observation Archive, University of
Sussex; McFarlin Library, University of Tulsa (Department of Special
Collections and University Archives); McMaster University Library
(The William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections);
the National Library of Scotland; the Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe
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Acknowledgements ix
Institute, Harvard University; the Women’s Library Archives (which
I consulted fi rst at the purpose-built Women’s Library on Old Castle
Street, London, and latterly at its new location in the London School of
Economics). The illustrations from Time and Tide which appear in the
book are reproduced by kind permission of the Syndics of Cambridge
University Library, and of The William Ready Division of Archives
and Research Collections, McMaster University Library.
This book also owes much to many individuals, among them
colleagues, readers and friends. I am particularly indebted to Jim
Clayson and Anne Harvey for the knowledge they have shared with
me regarding Eleanor Farjeon, and to Angela V. John for the knowl-
edge and biographical material she has shared with me about Lady
Rhondda. I am also grateful to all three for reading and commenting
on drafts of Chapter 2. My very deep gratitude extends to Maria
DiCenzo, Barbara Green and Fiona Hackney with whom I have had
not only many fruitful conversations about Time and Tide, but about
women’s periodicals more generally in our collaborative work on
another volume for Edinburgh University Press: Women’s Periodicals
and Print Culture in Britain, 1918–1939: The Interwar Period. The
opportunity to work together on this edited volume has been one of
the most pleasurable offshoots of my Time and Tide research. I am
also grateful to both Maria and Barbara for reading and commenting
on draft chapters of this book. Faith Binckes, whom I fi rst met at a
conference on women’s literary networking, has been another source
of intellectual inspiration and friendship, and I thank her for reading
and commenting on draft chapters at both the early and later stages
of writing. Other friends and colleagues who read draft chapters
were Anna Ball, Katharine Cockin, Lucy Delap, Faye Hammill, Ben
Harker and Sharon Ouditt, and I thank them too for their invaluable
feedback. I would also like to thank Jackie Jones and anonymous
readers for Edinburgh University Press for their useful comments
and suggestions. Last, but not least, I extend special thanks to Mary
Joannou for her intellectual generosity, hospitality and friendship
over the years. Returning to her home at the end of long days in the
West Room of Cambridge University Library became another source
of great pleasure attached to this research.
Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders. I thank
The Institution of Engineering and Technology Archives for per-
mission to quote from the letters of Caroline Haslett. The extract
from the unpublished letter from Wyndham Lewis to John Beevers
is reprinted by permission of The Wyndham Lewis Memorial Trust
(a registered charity), and the extract from the unpublished letter
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