TIME AND ETERNITY THE MEDIEVAL DISCOURSE INTERNATIONAL MEDIEVAL RESEARCH Volume 9 Editorial Board Axel E. W. Müller, Alan V. Murray, Peter Meredith, & Ian N. Wood with the assistance of the IMC Programming Committee TIME AND ETERNITY THE MEDIEVAL DISCOURSE Edited by Gerhard Jaritz & Gerson Moreno-Riaño H F British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Time and eternity: the medieval discourse. – (International medieval research; 9) 1.Chronology 2.Time – History – To 1500 I.Jaritz, Gerhard, 1949- II.Moreno-Riaño, Gerson, 1971-529 ISBN 2503513123 © 2003, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. D/2003/0095/26 ISBN: 2-503-51312-3 Printed in the E.U. on acid-free paper. Contents Introduction Time and Eternity: Where Doubt Continues to Exist 1 GERHARD JARITZ AND GERSON MORENO-RIAÑO What Is Time? A Present Sense of Things Past: Quid est enim tempus? 9 WESLEY STEVENS Time, Its Computation and the Use of Calendars The Emergence of Anno Domini 31 DANIEL P. M CARTHY C ‘Sexta aetas continet annos praeteritos DCCVIIII’ 55 (Bede, De temporibus, 22): A Scribal Error? MASAKO OHASHI Abbo of Fleury and the Computational 63 Accuracy of the Christian Era PETER VERBIST The Influence of Bede’s De temporum ratione 81 on Ælfric’s Understanding of Time AARON J. KLEIST Coping with Conflict: Lunar and Solar 99 Cycles in the Liturgical Calendars JOYCE HILL L’importance du calendrier dans 109 le roman de Flamenca UTE LIMACHER-RIEBOLD Jewish Concepts of Time and Redemption The Rabbinic Concept of Time from 129 Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages SACHA STERN Time and Cosmology in Late Medieval 147 Jewish Philosophy T. M. RUDAVSKY Crescas’s Concept of Time 163 HYAM MACCOBY Prophecy and Redemption: Messianic 171 Expectation in Nahmanides’ Sefer ha-Ge’ulah NINA CAPUTO Christian Philosophies of Eternity and Time Interpreting Eternity in Thomas Aquinas 193 HARM GORIS History and Everlastingness in Hugh 203 of St Victor’s Figures of Noah’s Ark JOHN A. H. LEWIS The Understanding of Time and Eternity 223 in the Philosophy of Magister John Hus JOZEF MATULA Monastic and Clerical Conceptions Timeless Time: Dramatical Eternity in the 233 Monastery under Bernard of Clairvaux WIM VERBAAL The Continuum of Time and Eternity in the 251 Liber specialis gratiae of Mechtild of Hackeborn (1241–99) ANN M. CARON Life-Cycle and Life-Course in a Clerical 271 and Celibate Milieu: Northern England in the Later Middle Ages P. H. CULLUM The Sea as an Image of Temporality among 283 Tuscan Dominicans and Humanists in the Fourteenth Century TIMOTHY KIRCHER Literary Representations Going Round in Circles? Time and 297 the Old English Apollonius of Tyre PHILIPPA J. SEMPER The Psychedelic Transmogrification 309 of the Soul in Vercelli Homily IV THOMAS N. HALL Time and Eternity in the Anglo-Saxon Elegies 323 JOHN DENNIS GROSSKOPF Discourse and Ideology in the Old English 331 ‘The Wanderer’: Time and Eternity JUAN CAMILO CONDE-SILVESTRE Body and Soul: Pearl and Apocalyptic Literature 355 CYNTHIA KRAMAN The Significance of Time Referents 363 in Lydgate’s Work KAREN SMYTH In Zeit und im Angesicht der Ewigkeit. Lavinia 373 und Aeneas: eine dauernde Liebe mit weitreichenden Folgen MARIA E. DORNINGER Time and Art When Space is Time. The Rhetoric 403 of Eternity: Hierarchy and Narrative in Medieval and Renaissance Art PETER NESTERUK ‘Fiat Lux’: Iconology and Theology 427 of Time in Medieval Catalonia ALFONS PUIGARNAU Picturing Time in Bartholomew’s Encyclopaedia 451 on the Properties of Things SUE ELLEN HOLBROOK God’s Time? Purgatory and Temporality 477 in Late Medieval Art ROBERT MILLS The End of the World The Final Countdown: Apocalyptic 501 Expectations in Anglo-Saxon Charters ROLF H. BREMMER JR. Astrology and the Antichrist in the 515 Late Middle Ages HILARY M. CAREY Introduction
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