Time and Eternity in Mid-Thirteenth-Century Thought PDF
Preview Time and Eternity in Mid-Thirteenth-Century Thought
OXFORD THEOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS EditorialCommittee m.mcc.adams m.j.edwards p.m.joyce d.n.j.macculloch o.m.t.o’donovan c.c.rowland OXFORDTHEOLOGICALMONOGRAPHS THEODORETHESTOUDITE TheOrderingofHoliness RomanCholij(2002) HIPPOLYTUSBETWEENEASTANDWEST TheCommentariesandtheProvenanceoftheCorpus J.A.Cerrato(2002) FAITH,REASON,ANDREVELATIONINTHETHOUGHT OFTHEODOREBEZA JeffreyMallinson(2003) RICHARDHOOKERANDREFORMEDTHEOLOGY AStudyofReason,Will,andGrace NigelVoak(2003) THECOUNTESSOFHUNTINGDON’SCONNEXION AlanHarding(2003) THEAPPROPRIATIONOFDIVINELIFEINCYRILOFALEXANDRIA DanielA.Keating(2004) THEMACARIANLEGACY ThePlaceofMacarius-Symeoninthe EasternChristianTradition MarcusPlested(2004) PSALMODYANDPRAYERINTHEWRITINGSOFEVAGRIUS PONTICUS LukeDysinger,OSB(2004) ORIGENONTHESONGOFSONGSASTHESPIRITOFSCRIPTURE TheBridegroom’sPerfectMarriage-Song J.ChristopherKing(2004) ANINTERPRETATIONOFHANSURSVONBALTHASAR EschatologyasCommunion NicholasJ.Healy(2005) DURANDUSOFSTPOURC¸AIN ADominicanTheologianintheShadowofAquinas IsabelIribarren(2005) THETROUBLESOFTEMPLELESSJUDAH JillMiddlemas(2005) Time and Eternity in Mid-Thirteenth- Century Thought Rory Fox 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide inOxfordNewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork (cid:1)RoryFox2006 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2006 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Dataavailable TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby BiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn ISBN0–19–928575–6 978–0–19–928575–4 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Preface This book began life as a D.Phil. thesis (1999) and I would like to take the opportunity to acknowledge some of the debts incurred in bringing that thesis to completion. I owe particular thanks to Professor Richard Swinburne for his patient and thoughtful supervision of the thesis. Without hisassistance,Iwouldneverhavebeenabletoembarkupon, or complete, a research project of this kind. I would also like to thank Fr. Henry Wansbrough, the MasterofStBenet’sHall,forextendingthehospitalityofthe Halltomethroughoutthetimeofmystudies.Iamspecially grateful to the Warden and Fellows of Keble College for electing me to the Liddon Junior Research Fellowship 1995–7, and to Merton College for providing means for me to return to Oxford in the Summer of 2000 to begin the process of revising the thesis. I am indebted to the British Academy for financial support and to the Oxford University Theology Faculty for awarding me the Denyer and Johnson scholarship. Amongst those who provided helpful feedback, Iwould like to acknowledge the contribu- tionsofRichardCross,DominicPerler,JohnMarenbonand Cecilia Trifogli. Finally, I thank my wife Helen for her help with the final draft and support throughout. RF January 2005 This page intentionally left blank Contents Introduction 1 1. The Language of Time 10 2. Temporal Simultaneity 50 3. Priority, Posteriority, and Causality 95 4. Relations and Reductions 130 5. The Reality of Time 165 6. On Measurement and Numbering 193 7. Time and Atemporality 225 8. Sempiternity, Angelic Time, and the Aevum 244 9. Eternity 282 10. God and Time 309 Bibliography 330 Subject Index 359 Index of Ancient and Medieval Text References 366 Index of Ancient Medieval and Pre Modern Authors 382 This page intentionally left blank Introduction The purpose of this study is to examine thirteenth-century viewsabouttime,particularlytheviewsofThomasAquinas and his contemporaries in the middle of the century. As medieval thinkers typically considered time to be just an- other duration alongside the durations of aeviternity (the aevum)andeternity,thescopeofthestudyextendstocover allthreedurations, culminating in an examination of God’s relationship to time. The motivation for this study arose from a dissatisfac- tion with standard accounts of Aquinas’ views on the ques- tion of God’s knowledge of future contingents. Rather than sensitively exegeting what thirteenth-century thinkers were actually trying to say, some contemporary treatments seemed to me to be at risk of eisegeting contemporary ideas and philosophical frameworks into the medieval lan- guage and thought which they claimed to be critiquing. In ordertoavoidthisproblemitseemedtomethatIneededto give significantly more space thanwas customary, to exam- ining the framework in which thirteenth-century thinkers werediscussingthequestionofknowledgeoffuturecontin-
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