Tidy's Physiotherapy PDF
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Tidy's Physiotherapy Dedication To all the physiotherapy students, who have taught me so much. I thank them for the encouragement and support they have given me over the years. Also by this author The Anatomy Workbook (2002) Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN 0750 654554 Tidy's Physiotherapy Thirteenth Edition Edited by Stuart B. Porter BSc(Hons) Grad Dip Phys MCSP SRP CertMHS Lecturer in Physiotherapy School of Health Care Professions University of Salford Manchester UK Honorary Research Fellow Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Trust Wigan Lancashire UK B u T T E R W O R TH |H|E I N E M A N N EDINBURGH LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PHILADELPHIA ST Louis SYDNEY TORONTO 2003 BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN An imprint of Elsevier Science Limited © 2003, Elsevier Science Limited. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior permission of the publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIT 4LP. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, USA: phone: (+1) 215 238 7869, fax: (+1) 215 238 2239, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting 'Customer Support' and then 'Obtaining Permissions'. First published 2003 ISBN 07506 3211 9 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Notice Medical knowledge is constantly changing. Standard safety precautions must be followed, but as new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current product information pro- vided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered to verify the recommended dose, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each indi- vidual patient. Neither the Publisher nor the editor and contributors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from this publication. The Publisher www.elsevier.com The publisher's policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests Printed by Martins the Printers, Berwick upon Tweed Contents Contributors ix 10 Common Chronic Inflammatory Polyarthropathies 207 Preface xi J. A. Goodacre and I. Stewart Acknowledgements xiii 11 Osteoporosis 225 Kirsty Carne 1 The Responsibilities of Being a Physiotherapist 1 12 Physiotherapy in Rheumatology 241 Judy Mead Rachel Lewis 2 Musculoskeletal Assessment 21 13 Physiotherapy Management of Lynne Gaskell Ankylosing Spondylitis 273 Juliette O'Hea 3 An Introduction to Fractures 71 Stuart B. Porter 14 Management of Respiratory Diseases 291 4 The Intervertebral Disc in Health and Stephanie Enright Disease: An Introduction to Back 15 Cardiac Disease 333 Pain 99 J. P. Moore Stuart B. Porter 16 Physiotherapy in Thoracic Surgery 5 Management of Burns and Plastic 363 Surgery 113 Anne Dyson Sally Dean 17 The Research Process 379 6 Biomechanics 129 Lynne Goodacre Jim Richards 18 Upper and Lower Limb Joint 7 Physiotherapy in Women's Health 157 Arthroplasty 401 Gill Brook, Eileen Brayshaw, Yvonne Ann Birch and Ann Price Coldron, Susan Davies, Georgina Evans, Ruth Hawkes, Alison Lewis, Pauline M. 19 Tissue Inflammation and Repair 421 Elaine N. Court and Robert W. Lea Mills, Daphne Sidney, Ros Thomas, Jacquelyne Todd, Kathleen Vits and 20 Neurological Physiotherapy 437 Pauline Walsh Alison Chambers and Christine Smith 8 Principles of Paediatric Physiotherapy 21 Concepts in Exercise Rehabilitation 183 471 Alison Carter Duncan Mason and Sean Kilmurray 9 Osteoarthritis 195 22 Physiotherapy for Amputees 505 Stuart B. Porter Alison Chambers V vi Contents Appendices 513 Dermatomes (of the upper and lower limbs) Glossary of Common Research Terms 522 514 Myotomes 524 Common Medical Abbreviations 517 Biomechanics: background maths and Points on Critical Evaluation of a questions 525 Research Paper 519 Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology 532 Ranges of Joint Motion (typical normal Index 539 values) 520 Clinical Interest Groups: worldwide web addresses 521 Contributors The Responsibilities of Being a Physiotherapist Yvonne Coldron MSc MCSP MMACP Judy Mead MCSP Susan Davies MCSP SRP Head of Clinical Effectiveness, Georgina Evans MCSP SRP Research and Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Ruth Hawkes MCSP SRP Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, Alison Lewis Grad Dip Phy MCSP SRP London, UK Pauline M. Mills MSc MCSP Dip TP Daphne Sidney Dip Phys Musculoskeletal Assessment Ros Thomas MCSP SRP Lynne Gaskell Grad Dip Phys PGD(Res) Jacquelyne Todd MCSP SRP PGCE Lecturer, School of Health Care Professions, Kathleen Vits MCSP SRP University of Salford, Pauline Walsh MCSP SRP Salford, UK Principles of Paediatric Physiotherapy An Introduction to Fractures Alison Carter MCSP SRP Stuart B. Porter BSc (Hons) Grad Dip Phys MCSP Superintendent Paediatric Physiotherapist, SRP CertMHS Guys & St Thomas NHS Trust, Lecturer, School of Health Care Professions, London, UK University of Salford, Osteoarthritis Salford, UK Stuart B. Porter BSC(Hons) Grad Dip Phys MCSP SRP Cert MHS The Intervertebral Disc in Health and Disease: An Lecturer, Introduction to Back Pain School of Health Care Professions, Stuart B. Porter BSc(Hons) Grad Dip Phys MCSP University of Salford, SRP CertMHS Lecturer, School of Health Care Professions, Salford, UK University of Salford, Common Chronic Inflammatory Polyarthropathies Salford, UK /. A. Goodacre MD PhD FRCP Director of Clinical Research, and Honorary Management of Burns and Plastic Surgery Consultant in Rheumatology, Sally Dean Grad Dip Phys MCSP Lancashire Postgraduate School of Medicine and Clinical Specialist, Hand Therapy, Health, Burns and Plastics Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Whiston Hospital, Preston, Lancashire, UK St Helens and Knowsley Hospital Services NHS Trust, Prescot, I. Stewart MB CHB FRCP(Edinburgh) Merseyside, UK Consultant in Rheumatology, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Biomechanics Blackpool, Jim Richards BEng MSc PhD Merseyside, UK Senior Lecturer in Biomechanics, School of Health Care Professions, Osteoporosis University of Salford, Salford, UK Kirsty Carne RGN Osteoporosis Nurse, Physiotherapy in Women's Health National Osteoporosis Society, Gill Brook MCSP SRP Camerton, Eileen Brayshaw MSc MCSP SRP FETC Bath, UK vii viii Contributors Physiotherapy in Rheumatology Ann Price Dip TP Cert Ed MCSP Rachel Lewis MCSP SRP HT Superintendent Physiotherapist, Physiotherapy Department, Wrightington Hospital, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Wigan, Southmead Hospital, Lancashire, UK Bristol, UK Tissue Inflammation and Repair Elaine Court PhD Physiotherapy Management of Ankylosing Department of Biological Sciences, Spondylitis University of Central Lancashire, Juliette O'Hea MCSP MSc PG Dip (Rheum) Preston, Rheumatology Practioner, Lancashire, UK Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Robert W. Lea PhD Salisbury, Department of Biological Sciences, Wiltshire, UK University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Management of Respiratory Diseases Lancashire, UK Stephanie Enright PhD MPhil MSc PG Cert MSCP Neurological Physiotherapy Senior Lecturer, Alison Chambers Med MCSP SRP School of Health Care Professions, Project Director, University of Salford, Allied Health Project Developments, Salford, UK University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Cardiac Disease Lancashire, UK /. P. Moore PhD Academic Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Christine Smith MSc Grad Dip Phys Cert Ed University of Leeds, UK Lecturer/Course Leader, University of Salford, Physiotherapy in Thoracic Surgery Salford, UK Anne Dyson Grad Dip Phys MCSP SRP Senior Physiotherapist, Concepts in Exercise Rehabilitation Cardio Thoracic Centre, Duncan Mason Bsc (Hons) SRP NHS Trust, Lecturer Practitioner, Liverpool, UK Royal Bolton Infirmary, Greater Manchester, and University of Salford The Research Process School of Health Care Professions, Lynne Goodacre PhD SROT University of Salford, Postdoctoral Research Associate, Salford, UK Lancashire Postgraduate School of Medicine and Sean Kilmurray MSc Grad Dip Phys Health, Lecturer in Physiotherapy, University of Central Lancashire, The University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Preston, Lancashire, UK Lancashire, UK Upper and Lower Joint Arthroplasty Physiotherapy for Amputees Ann Birch BA (OU) MCSP SRP Alison Chambers Med MCSP SRP Senior Physiotherapist, Project Director Allied Health Project Wrightington Hospital, Developments, Hand and Upper Limb Surgery Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Wigan, Preston, Lancashire, UK Lancashire, UK Preface to the Thirteenth Edition This is an exciting time to become a physiotherapist. If Physiotherapy students need a solid foundation you are training or if you are about to commence train- upon which to build their knowledge base, and we ing as an undergraduate, you are entering one of the must not lose sight of this reality. This new edition most stimulating, varied and rewarding careers possi- reflects current trends and innovations whilst acknowl- ble. The new millennium holds endless possibilities for edging that just occasionally it is good to have a clearly physiotherapists. laid out reference guide for students, for whom the The first edition of Tidy's Physiotherapy was pub- learning curve is especially steep. lished in the 1930s, and the fact that it endures as a Physiotherapy qualifying programmes must prepare bestseller amongst student physiotherapists confirms students to function effectively in the changing world that students want a clear reference guide to help them of healthcare - to be analytical problem-solvers who through their studies. are autonomous practitioners in their own right. I This thirteenth edition has been extensively wonder, though, how many graduates still recall how redesigned. Experts from a wide range of clinical and difficult it was to reflect, hypothesise, reason, analyse academic backgrounds have rewritten each chapter, to and integrate vast amounts of new information when reflect current clinical practice and theory. Previously we were new to the profession. existing chapters have been updated, and there are new The journey to become a physiotherapist is not an chapters covering a diverse cross-section of the topics easy one, and we should facilitate the learning process to which student physiotherapists need to be intro- for students, the physiotherapists of the future, in every duced. way possible. Albert Einstein said 'Make everything as Physiotherapy as a profession underwent spectacu- simple as possible, but not simpler.' The team of lar changes in the second half of the twentieth century. authors in this volume have tried to give student Tidy's Physiotherapy now reflects those changes and physiotherapists a simple - but accurate and relevant - will evolve as our profession evolves. This new edition guide which is grounded in the clinical world and pre- covers some key areas and developments in the field of sented in a clear format. I hope that we have succeeded physiotherapy in the early twenty-first century, and the in our aim. book will look as different in ten years as this edition differs from its predecessor. 2003 Stuart Porter ix
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