Thyroid Disorders: Basic Science and Clinical Practice PDF
Preview Thyroid Disorders: Basic Science and Clinical Practice
Syed Khalid Imam Shamim I. Ahmad Editors Thyroid Disorders Basic Science and Clinical Practice 123 Thyroid Disorders Syed Khalid I mam (cid:129) Shamim I. Ahmad Editors Thyroid Disorders Basic Science and Clinical Practice Editors Syed Khalid Imam Shamim I. Ahmad Internal Medicine School of Science and Technology Al-Mouwasat Hospital Nottingham Trent University Jubail Nottingham Saudi Arabia UK ISBN 978-3-319-25869-0 ISBN 978-3-319-25871-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-25871-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016933871 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) The editor (SKI) wishes to dedicate this book to his parents, Ahmad Imam and Mah Jabeen, for their constant support, patronage, and guidance in his career; his children, Abdullah, Maham, and Ebadullah, whose voices and gestures were never boring and from them he has learned to love and enjoy the fl avor of life; his wife, Uzma, the key family member, who lifted his heart and encouraged him a lot because of her spiritual wholeness, inexhaustible hope, and strong personality. Lastly, to all patients who have been suffering from various kinds of illnesses and fi ght against the ailment with great courage and hope . The editor (SIA) wishes to dedicate this book to his wife, Riasat Jan, for her patience, love, and persistent encouragement during the production of this book and to his children, Alisha Ahmad and Arsalan Mujtaba Ahmad, who have been giving him so much pleasure with their innocent interceptions and resulting recovery from the loss of energy. Also dedication goes to the caregivers, nurses, and medics who painstakingly look after the patients throughout their suffering period . Pref ace Endocrinology is the study of one of the most exciting hormonal diseases covering a plethora of information on thyroid disorders, which are among the most prevalent of medical conditions. In general population, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction ranges from 1 to 10 %. In the United Kingdom, 1–2 % of the adult population is found to have thyroid disorders. It is interesting to note that thyroxine is the sixth most commonly prescribed drug in Scotland. vii viii Preface Virtually all studies report higher prevalence of thyroid diseases in women and mostly with those undergoing advancing age. The incidence of thyroid disorders has been increasing with time and varies between localities. Their manifestations vary considerably from area to area and are determined principally by the availability of iodine in the diet. Almost one- third of the world’s population lives in areas of iodine defi ciency. Populations living particularly in remote mountainous areas in South-East Asia, Latin America, and Central Africa risk more of suffering from this disease. G lobally, wherever population lives in iodine-defi cient regions, due to the sub- optimal amount of iodine intake from the natural sources such as sea vegetables, potatoes, cranberries, etc., the prevalence of hypothyroidism is higher than in iodine-effi cient regions. It is important to note that most persons with thyroid disorders have one or more autoimmune disease such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, primary atrophic hypothyroidism, and thyrotoxicosis caused by Graves’ disease. Moreover, suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone levels have been associated with decreased bone density and with an increased risk of atrial fi brillation and premature atrial beat. It has been known for decades that overt hypothyroidism contributes to elevated serum cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk, and recent studies suggest this may also be true with subclinical hypothyroidism. Abnormal thyroid functions have important public health concerns. Medical researches on thyroid diseases have been persistently reporting, in a wide range of journals and literatures, materials relevant to endocrinology, pediatrics, nuclear medicine, and surgery, making it more challenging for clini- cians to keep abreast of new developments. Therefore, the objective of this publication is to provide an updated review on thyroid gland and its functional impairments and to highlight the recent trends in the management of thyroid diseases. Pregnancy-related thyroid disorders are also covered in this book. The Contents list can basically be divided into three sections: Part I pro- viding the basic information on thyroid glands, Part II largely focusing on important and common thyroid dysfunctions and their clinical management, and Part III addressing thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy, a commonly ignored area. T he book on thyroid disorders is meant to be read by a wide range of read- ers including physicians, endocrinologists, dietitians, researchers, industries involved in developing and manufacturing thyroid drugs, postgraduate and undergraduate medical students, and may help to update knowledge of non- specialist in the diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases. The editors are certain that this book will provide core basic and clinical knowledge to all those who are attached with the health care and also involve in managing various kinds of diseases related to thyroid disorders. We hope that appropriate diagnosis and clinical application of the basic and advance knowledge provided in this book would ultimately benefi t patients. Jubail , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Syed Khalid Imam , FCPS, FACE Nottingham , UK Shamim I. Ahmad , MSc, PhD Acknowledgments The editors cordially acknowledge various authors of this book for their con- tribution of the chapters with in-depth knowledge and highly skilled presen- tation. Without their input, it would not have been possible to produce this book on such an important subject and complicated disease. We would also like to acknowledge the hard work, friendly approach, and patience of the staff, especially of Ms Julia Megginson, of Springer Publications for effi cient and highly professional handling of this project. ix
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