Thyroid Cancer and Nuclear Accidents. Long-Term Aftereffects of Chernobyl and Fukushima PDF
Preview Thyroid Cancer and Nuclear Accidents. Long-Term Aftereffects of Chernobyl and Fukushima
Thyroid Cancer and Nuclear Accidents Thyroid Cancer and Nuclear Accidents Long-Term Aftereffects of Chernobyl and Fukushima Edited by Shunichi Yamashita Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan Gerry Thomas Imperial College, London, United Kingdom AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom 525BStreet,Suite1800,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,UnitedStates 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom Copyrightr2017ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-812768-1 ForInformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:MicaHaley AcquisitionEditor:RafaelE.Teixeira EditorialProjectManager:TimothyBennett ProductionProjectManager:PriyaKumaraguruparan CoverDesigner:MatthewLimbert TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Masafumi Abe Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan Hyeong-Sik Ahn Korea University, Seoul, Korea Johannes Biko University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany Tetiana Bogdanova V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine John D. Boice Jr. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States Andre Bouville National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States Igor Branovan Project Chernobyl, Brooklyn, NY, United States Alina Brenner National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States Svitlana Burko V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Stephen Chanock National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States Sergey Chekin A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia Malcolm Crick Secretariat of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), Vienna, Austria x ListofContributors Ivan I. Dedov Endocrine Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation Tetiana Dekhtyarova V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Yuri E. Demidchik Republican Centre for Thyroid Tumors, Minsk, Belarus; Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus Valentina M. Drozd The International Fund “Help for Patients with Radiation-Induced Thyroid Cancer “Arnica”, Minsk, Belarus; Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus Vladimir Drozdovitch National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States Mikhail V. Fridman Minsk Municipal Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Minsk, Belarus; Republican Centre for Thyroid Tumors, Minsk, Belarus Vsevolod Galkin A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia Abel J. González Argentine Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Buenos Aires, Argentina Tamara Gulii V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Maureen Hatch National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States Tetsuo Ishikawa Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Viktor Ivanov A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia Kenji Kamiya Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan ListofContributors xi Andrey Kaprin NMRRC, Obninsk, Russia Valerii Kashcheev A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia Polina Kashcheeva A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia Hyun-Jung Kim Korea University, Seoul, Korea Elena Kochergina A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia Aleksandr Korelo A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia Olga Krasko National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus Alfred K. Lam Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia Ilya Likhtarev National Scientific Center of Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine Mark P. Little National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States Kiyohiko Mabuchi National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States Marat Maksioutov A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia Svetlana Mankovskaya Republican Centre for Thyroid Tumors, Minsk, Belarus; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus Takashi Matsuzuka Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan Alexandr Menyajlo A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia Sanae Midorikawa Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan xii ListofContributors Jaya Mohan Secretariat of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), Vienna, Austria Pavel Moiseev Republican Scientific Practical Centre of Oncology and Medical Radiology named after N.N. Aleksandrov, Minsk, Belarus Shigenobu Nagataki Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan Hitoshi Ohto Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan Akira Ohtsuru Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan Valeriy Oliynyk V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Tamara Platonova The International Fund “Help for Patients with Radiation-Induced Thyroid Cancer “Arnica”, Minsk, Belarus Christoph Reiners University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany Tatiana I. Rogounovitch Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan Pavel O. Rumiantsev Endocrine Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation Vladimir A. Saenko Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan Kurt W. Schmid University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Natalia Seleva A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia Natalia Shchukina A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia ListofContributors xiii Nikolay Shiglik Project Chernobyl, Brooklyn, NY, United States Hiroki Shimura Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan Victor Shpak V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Iwao Sugitani Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan Satoru Suzuki Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan Shinichi Suzuki Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan Koichi Tanigawa Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan Valeriy Tereshchenko V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Gerry Thomas Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Mykola Tronko V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Konstantin Tumanov A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia Oleg Vlasov A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia Laryssa Voskoboynyk V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Wolfgang Weiss Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Emmendingen, Germany Shunichi Yamashita Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan xiv ListofContributors Galyna Zamotayeva V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Liudmyla Zurnadzhy V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Thirty Years After Chernobyl and 5 After Fukushima—What Have We Learnt and What Do We Still Need to Know? Gerry Thomas1 and Shunichi Yamashita2 1ImperialCollegeLondon,London,UnitedKingdom2NagasakiUniversity,Nagasaki,Japan INTRODUCTION The year 2016 saw the anniversaries of two accidents at nuclear power plants that resulted in exposure to radiation in fallout of populations living in their immediate vicinity—the 30th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident in 1986 and the fifth anniversary of the Fukushima accident in 2011. A meeting was held in Fukushima city in September 2016 to ask the question: “What do we know and what do we need to learn from these two accidents?”(Saenko et al., 2017). This book serves as a record of the presentations made by experts from the medical community, both inside and outside Japan, and from those international bodies charged with providing guidance for response in these types of emergencies to protect local populations from the harm- ful effects of radiation. One of the key lessons that we still need to learn, as evidenced from the expert reports on both accidents by the WHO, UNSCEAR, and IAEA (UNSCEAR Report to the General Assembly of the United Nations, 2008; WHO report on health risk assessment from the nuclear accident after the, 2011; UNSCEAR report, 2013; IAEA report, 2015) is how to get the balance right between protection of the public from actual health effects caused by the direct interaction with radiation on the tissues of the body, and protection of the public from the fear of radiation. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOSE AND RESPONSE There is a common misconception that exposure to radiation from a nuclear power plant accident is (1) different from exposure to natural background radiation or medical radiation and (2) that the dose to an
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