Three new species of the genus Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae) from Yunnan, China

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ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 19: 939-960 (2002) @ 2002 Zoologica lSociety of Japan
Three New Species the Genus Gammarus (Crustacea,
of

Amphipoda, Gammaridae) from Yunnan,China

Zhong-e Houi, Shuqiang Lii 'and Hirosh iMorino2
i institu toefZDologJL Chinese Academy of Sciences ,f9 Zhongguancun-Lu Stn,
Haidian, Beijin g100080, P.R. China
2Deparment ofBiolosDt) loarak iUnivetsit Myi;to 310-8512, Japan
ABSTRACT-Three new species of the genus Gammarus are describe dfrom Lijiang ,Yunnan Province,
South China .Gammarus elevatus sp, nov, is characterized by mid-dorsal keel on pleonit e1-s3 and com-
pressed elevation on urosomites 1-2; G. denticutat ussp. nov. by many small spinules and $etae on pleo-
nites 1-3 ;G. stagnarius sp. nov. by lack of calceoli on antenna 2 and shorter inne rramus of uropod 3.
These amphipods are compared with other known Gammarus species from China,
Key Words:amphipoda, Gammatus, taxonomy,Yunnan,China

INTRODUCTION Dai {198 8a)nd Karaman (198 41,989, 1991) discussed rela-
tionships among these species of Gammarus, which helps
Lijia nlgie sin the northwest of Yunnan Provinc eand on us a lot to our presen tstudy on the systematics of Chinese
the south of Qinghai-Tib ePtlateau .Todays Lijia ncgurrently freshwater Amphipoda. In the pre$en tpaper three new spe-
comprises two towns, two distin cptart sdivide dby Lion Hill cies of the genus Gammarus from Lijiang ,Yunnan Province,
-the new town, which came int obeing 43 years ago, and South China ,are described D,etaile ddrawings of taxonomic
the old town, an 865-year-ol darchitectural gem, The old characters are illustrat eAd .key to species of Gammarus
town is also called Dayan Town, which was put on the World and Ebhinogammarus from China is also presented,
CulturalHeritageListin1997.

Lijia nggot it sname from the Lishu i(no wJinsha ,part Key to the Species of Gammarus and Ebhinogammarus
of Yangtze) River ,which flows through the town. The Lion from China
Hil latso helps block the icy wind from the northwest, which t. Uropod 3 parviramu s{Echinogamma t..u.s.i....,. .2.......
lend the region favorabl eclimate and rich species, thus Uropod 3 variramus to magniramus (Garnmarus )3.....
attract smany biologis tOsn.ly from 1981 to 1985 hundreds 2, Dorsoposteri omrargin of pleonit e1 bearin gonly setae
employee of Chinese Academy of Sciences ,includin ggeo- ･･-･r･････････････r･･･････････-･-･･････････-･......"..H..............gregOr)tl
physicis tgse,ologis tgse,ographer sb,iologis tasnd agricul- Dorsoposteri omrargin of pleonit 1e bearin gboth spines
turalis thsa,ve made scientific expeditions in this area. The and setae ..."..".".................." ,s,u,i,f,un,e,n.s,i,s,.,.,",,.,
Gammarus specimens used in the presen sttudy are also 3. Body carinate ....".................."..H....,......".........elevatus
obtained in these expeditions, Body not carinate, urosomite occasionally with hump$
Gammarus j$ one of Iarg eepigean freshwate grenera of ","""",""""",,,.H".H".,.HmH.H","","",",-",".H H4".,.H
amphipods in the world, Up to now, ten species have been 4. Pleonite s1-3 with spines and setae on dorsa lsurface
reported from China ,among which eight are endemic to this ,,"......H..."."......."....,,,,,,H,.,,,,,,,,",.,,....,..-.denheulatus
country: G gregot] tTTa'ttersa l<l1924 )G., nekkensis Uchida Pleonite s1-3 smooth or with several setae on dorsal
(1935 )G,. spinipaimus Chen (1939 )G, tatiens iSshen surface only.".Hm"".",h.".H"HH,"".."m-HH"-."""" 5
(1954 )G, shanxi'ensi sBarnard and Dai {198B )G, honev- 5, Anterio rmargins of pereopod s5 to 7 with spines and
uanensis Barnard and Dai (1988 G), lasaensi sBarnard and long setae intermixe wdith them.,.,,,,,.,,,,,.,., ,q,i.a,n,t.....
Dai (1988 )G., qian iHou and Li (2002 )G.. lacustt iSsars Anterio rmargins of pereopods 5 to 7 with spines only
(186 9a)nd G. suifunensis Martynov (192 5a)re also known (ifse taaree present ,they are always shorterthan the
from adjacent regions in Asia (Barna r1d98,3). Barnard & spines) H""""".H.",.HHH..",.,"HHH.,,,",,",""," ,m6H.H"..
6. Inner ramus of uropod 3 hal fas long as outer ramus,
; Correspendi anugthor:Tel. [phone]; epimeron 2 with weak posteroventr atlooth,,..... .7....,.,
FAX. [phone], 1nne rramus of urpod 3 two-third sas Iong as outer ramus,
E-mail:lisq@panda,ioz.ac,cn epimeron 2 with strong posteroventr atoloth ,............10
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7, Setae on male antenna 2 and articl e2 of pereopod 7 accompanied by short setae on posterodors amiargins. All
elongate.........",,.,,.,,,.,,,,H,mh..."..".""............d.a.cttalyi lesitnosuits, naHs short, Uropod 3, inner ramus about 70%
Setae on male antenna 2 and anicle 2 of pereopod 7 ot article 1 of outer ramus; all margins plumose-seto sTeel.-
short (ordinary)......,.,...,,.,,.,, ,8.,.,smon, "re,l.at,iv.ei,y ,sh,o.rt,. ,F.la.g.el.l.um. ,of. a.nt.e.nn.a. .2. o.f. f.emale with
8. Telson lackin gbasolater aslpines, article 2 of pereopod calceoli. Gnathopod 1 of female ,propodus with 1 medial
7 broad (suifune nofs Uiesno, 1940a) ..............,.....p.a.l.msapr. spine, Oostegit elsong,
Telson with basolater aslpines, article 2 ot pereopod 7
narrow.".-""".."H"""..HH"."HH"".H-H"-Hh-"h-," 9 Descriptio nof male {holoty pIZeC,AS-1-AOO05)
9. Pereopod 3 with long curled setae on posteri moarrgin Body: Body medium in size. Pleonjte s1-3 bearin gnumer-
",,,,,,,,.,,.,,,,,,,...""."...,.".......".....,....o.u.s. .s,h.o,rt, "s,pHi.nensek kacecnosmpiasnied by short setae on postero-
Pereopod 3 with long straight setae on posteri omrargin dorsa mlargins. Epimera lplate s1-3 with few short setae on
･･････････r･････-...".H.......".....,,,,,",.,H,,,,,"p,o.s,t.ehroonlgaotteu ramaanlregninssi,s Epimeral plat e1 weakly pointe odn
1O. Calceol iabsent on antenna 2, epimera 2 and 3 weakly posteroventr acolrner, with 1 seta on anteroventral corner;
pointe don posteroventr acolrner ..................stagnaepriimuesral plat e2, posterovent alcorner acute, bearin g2
Calceol piresent on antenna 2, epimera 2 and 3 pointed spines on anteroventral corner; ventral margin of epimeral
t----t--tt-----t-t---------ttttt--ttttttttttt lt ltttt-tptltattt et3t twitdtetr- ttthtant tetp.i.me.rta.l- tp.l.a.t. te2t,- ptosteroventra lalcuyte,
11. Epimera 2 and 3 with sharper posteroventral corner, with 3 spines, Urosomite st-3 poorl yelevated, with 3 groups
dacty loif pereopods slender...................... .l.a.c..u.stris of 1-2 spines accompanied by 2-5 setae on dorsa lmargins.
Epimera 2 and 3 pointe d{ordina rdayc)t,y loif pereo- Head: Latera llobe truncate, inferi oarntennal sinus deep,
pods short ".,HH-H"H","."."-,."".",H-,.,.H.""" .1"2"," eyes oval.
12. Telson with basolater aslpines, posteroventr acolrner on Antenna 1: Antenna 1 distinc tllyonge rthan antenna 2,
article 2 of pereopod 7 with thick spinules ,.....,. .1.3.....peduncula rarticle s1-3 in lengt hrati o1:O,72:O,34, with a
Telson lackin gbasolater aslpines, posteroventr caolrner few dista sletae; primar fylagellu m31-articula tacec,essory
on artjcte 2 of pereopod 7 with thin setules or naked flagellu 3m-articulate.
,....m...............................,....".."...".A.n.t.e..n.n.a. .2.: .G.i,a.n..d lcaosneae nsshiorster than peduncula rarticle 3;
13. 0ne latera lseta of telso nvery long ..... .s.p.i.nipaimus article 4 a litt Iloenge rthan article 5, both with 4-5 group sof
No later asleta of telson very long .............shanxi'ensshiosrt setae along anterior and posteri omrargins; flagellum
12-articulat ea,rticles 2-7 with calceoli.
Upper lip :Convex ,with minute setae,
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Mandible: lnciso ort lef tmandible 5-dentat el,acin imaobilis
Specimens were fir stexamined under a dissectin gmicro- with 4 dentition ssp,ine row with 7 spinulate setae, molar trit-
scope, and then under a compound microscope after slide mounted urative with 1 seta; article 2 of palp bearin g21 stif fsetae,
appendages were prepared ,The drawings were made with the aid adicle 3 about 73% of article 2 in length w,ith 2 groups ot A-
os$fceo cpate .eddr aFawnodirn egt ahctheu b aeps ppmeeoncudlnaetgsee,ds se voe nrwa elarne sO pmleocyuinmmtependuss B oHonf- 2se lacicodmehp$o us neadxcc owerrd eimnic grdo -itso- sDe-tsaeet oane aonudte r6 tEa-csee ,t4a Be -.Rsiegthat e moann diibnlne,er f aicnec i,asnodr 4 -adboeuntta t3e0,
the methods described by Holsinge r(1967), lacin imaobilis bifurcate.
The materials examined are collected by Mr. Guoxiao Chen, Lower lip :lnner lobe lacking ,apical margin with short
and deposited in the lnstitu tofe Zoology ,Chinese Academy of Sci- spmes.Maxilla
ences (IZCAS)Be,ijingC,hina,
1: lnner plat ewith 19 plumose setae, outer plate
DESCRIPTION bearin g11 serrated spines, second article of lef tpalp with 7

sharp spines accompanied by 4 stif fsetae; second artide of
Gammarus denticulatu ssp. nov . right palp bearin g7 blun tspines and 1 stit fseta.
(Fig s1-,6) Maxill a2: lnne rplat ebearin g22 plumose setae on inner
Materia lexamined, Holotype :IZCAS-1-AOO05 ,male, 12.5 face ,almost parall etlo inner margin.
mm; allotypei IZCAS-1-AOO06, female, 10.6 mm; paratypesi Maxillipe d:lnner plat ewith 3 apical blun tspines; outer
20 males, 14 females and 4 juveni lcoelsle;cted from Baim- plat ebroad ,bearin gt6 medial spines and 5 apical pectinate
alongtan Spring ,Lijian (g26. 8Ne, 100.2 0E) ,Yunnan Prov- setae; palp article 4 unguiform.
ince; 2400 m altitude; 24 August 1981. Coxal plates :Coxal plat e1 weakly dilated distall yb,earing
The Baimalongta nSprin glie sin west of Dayan Town 1 seta on anterior and posteri coorrners respectively; coxal
and south of Lion Hil lI.t] wsater surface is about 1OOm2, and plate 2s-3 subrectangular; coxal plat e4 excavate, longer
O.o23m3 water i sspouted out each second. than wide, with 1 seta on anterior corner and 3 short setae
on posterio mrargin; anterior lobe of coxal plate sfF6 small,
Diagnosis posteri omrargin of coxal plat e5 convex, posterio mrargin of
Accessory flagellu omf antenna t with 3 articles. Pere- coxal plat e6 nearly straight; coxal plat e7 with 2 setae on
opods 3-4 densely setose with long straigh t$etae on poste- posteri omrargin.
rior margins, Pleonites 1-3 with a row of numerous spines Gnathopod 1: Setae on gnathopod 1 straight, basis with
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Three New Species of the Gammarus from China 941
mc
t w
A -A
p m
' tt-'- tt t 1./t . - t ttt tttktl t -/ t-/tttt-tt ' T.t tt-/ t.t-.1t-"tt"/tl.; t1.ts/"-t./.t-t'/ - ' ":it･ , l ･ t t t･ : /'t t ':1 t t･ t( :.t-t t･t t,/,: t "t t' ttrt l/ tr/'li t- ' t tt1 st' ,,rt'J m e tt
s
tt-:t

,ttt s

VBE
tF

7
z a
F . F
Fig. 1. Gammarus denticblatu ssp. nov. allotype, female (A) ;holotype ,male <B-H )A,. body (iate vrieaw)l; B, pleonite s{dors vaieLw); C, uro-
somites (dors vaielw); D, urosomites Oater vaielw); E, epimeral plates ;F, head; G, gnathopo d2; H, gnathopo d1. Scales A:-H=1 mm.
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HAX-=fi-tD
Fig. 2. Gammarus denticuta stpu. snov. holotype ,male, A, palp of lef mtandible; B, lef mtandible: C, right mandible; D, palp of right maxilla 1;
E, maxilliped; F, upper lip ;G, lower lip ;H, maxilla 2; 1 ,lef tmaxilla 1, Scales :A-D, H, 1=O, 1mm; E-G=O.5 mm.
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ThreeNew Specie sof theGammarus from China 943
Fig. 3. Gammarus denticulatu ssp. nov. holotype, male. A, pereopod 6; B, pereopo d5; C, pereopo d3; D, pereopod 4; E, uropod 1: F, dacty-
lus of pereopod 3; G, dactylu sof pereopod 4; H, dactylu sot pereopod 6. Scales: A-E=O.5 mm; F-H=O.1 mm.
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v
.
F
Fig. 4. Gammarus denticutatu ssp. nov. allotype, femal e(A)h;olotype ,male (B-F)A,, urepod 3; B, pleopod 3; C, uropod 3; D, pleopod "; E,
pleepod 2; F, telson. Scales :A, C, F=O.5 mm; B, D, E=O.1 mm,
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Three New Species of theGammarus from China 945
s-'-:i=S--r":di.'-'z:t) x
k,
e/7
Fig. 5. Gammarus denticulatu ssp. nev, allotype, female (C-G )h;olotype ,male {A ,B) .A, propodus of gnathopod 2; B, propodus of gnathopod
1; C, propodus of gnathopod 2; D, propodus of gnathopod 1; E, telson ;F, oostegite of pereopod 4; G, flagellu mof antenna 2, Scales: A-F=O.5
mm.
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ejAI-:'C'H
B
A
'
G
'iE=E-tG
Fig. 6. Gammarus denticutatu ssp, nov, holotype ,male. A, pereopo d7; B, antenna 2; C, antenna 1; D, urepod 2; E, peduncula ardicies of
antenna 2; F, flagell uofm antenna 2; G, dactylu sof pereopod 7. Scales: A-D=O.5 mm, E-G=O.1 mm,
long setae on posterio rmargin, bearin g5 spinulate setae Pereopod 3: Pereopod 3 slender, posterior margin densely
distall y;carpus shorter than propodus ;propodus pyriform, turnishe dwith long straight setae, propodus and carpus
palm oblique, bearin g1 medial spine and 10 spines on po$- accompanied by several spines on posteri omrargins, dac-
terio rmargin, inne rface with 7 short spines; dactylu sbear- tylus stout ,nail short,
ing 2 setae on outer margin, nail short. Pereopod 4: Pereopod 4 shorter than pereopod 3, propo-
Gnathopod 2: Setae on gnathopod 2 straight, basis slender dus to merus with fewer setae than those of pereopod 3,
than that of gnathopod 1, bearin g4 spinulate setae distally; Pereopods 5-7: Pereopods 6 and 7 longer than pereopod
carpus parallel-sid eshdo,rter than propodus ;palm of propo- 5, Bases of pereopods 5-7 slender, anterior margin with
dus not very oblique, with 1 medial spine and 8 spines on some setae and 6 short spines; posteri moarrgin with about
posterio crorner; nail of dactylu sshort. 8 short setae; carpus and propodus wjth 3-5 groups of
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Three New Speciq sof theGammarus from China 947
spines accompanied by short setae on anterior margin; 2 bearin gcalceoli in bot hsexes; (3 )bases of pereopods 5-
propodu swith 6 groups of 2-3 spines on anterior margin, 7 elongate, inner surface with few setae; (4 )the propodus
posteri moarrgin with some setae; dactylu s$tout, with 1 plu- of gnathopod 1 of female with 1 medial palmar spine; and
mose seta on outer margin and 2 stiff setae at joi noft nail, (5 }oostegites long ,Species with crenulated or setose pleo-
nail short. nites in Gammarus batcanicusgrou p(Karama annd Pink-
Gitls :Coxal gill 2s-6 sac-like ,coxal gi l7l smallest. ster, 1987) ,that is ,G, anatofiensis Schellenber g1,937, G.
Pleopods: Pleopods 1-3 subequal, peduncle with some pseudanatoliens iKsaraman and Pinkste r1,987, G, abscisus
setae, bearin g2 retinaculae accompanied by 1-2 setae; Karaman, 1973 and G accolae Karaman, 1973, diffe frrom
rami about 20-articula tarem,ed with plumose setae. the new species by poorl syetose pereopods 3 and 4, and
Uropod 1: Peduncle longe rthan rami, bearin g1 basofaciai uropod 3.
spine, outer and inner margins with 5 and 2 spines respec- G, denticulat udsitte rsmarkedly from European G,
tivel yo;uter ramus shorter than inner ramus, bearin g2 pulerf-gr ospuecpies in the followin cgharacters: inner plate
spines on each side; inner ramus with 3 spines on outer of maxilla 2 with a vertical row of about 20 plumose setae
margln.Uropod on inner face (alwa yobslique in European G, pulex-group),
2: Peduncle with 3 and 4 spines on outer and inner dactyl sof gnathopods relatively long ,coxal plate s5 and 6
margins respectively; outer ramus shorter than inne rramus, with oblique, nearly straight lower and hind margins, These
with 2 and 1 spines on outer and inne rmargins, respec- characters are mostly thought plesio-morphic,
tivel yi;nne rramus bearin g1 and 3 spines on inner and
outer margins. Gammarus stagnarius sp. nov.
Uropod 3: Peduncle with 4 dist asplines; inne rramus about (Fig s7-.11 )
70% of article 1 of outer ramus in length ,with 1 later aalnd Materia lexamined. Holotype: IZCAS-1-AOO07 ,male, 11.6
1 dista slpines; article 1 of outer ramus with 2 latera land 3 mm; allotype: IZCAS-1-AOO08 ,female ,7.1 mm; Dayan,
dista slpines, article 2 as iong as adjacent spines; all mar- Lijian gY,unnan Province ;2400 m altitude; 25 August 1981.
gin splumose-setose. Paratypes: 13 males and 9 females ,Baimalongtan Spring,
Telson: CIef tdeeply, as long as wide, each lobe with 1-2 Lijiang ,Yunnan Prevince ,24 August ,1981.
dista slpines accompanied by 6-7 setae, dorsa lsurface with
2 clu$ters of short setae. Diagnosis
Antenna 2, calceol ilackin gp,eduncula rarticies 4-5 with
De$cription of female (allot IyZpCeA,S-1-AOOe6) short setae on anterior and posterio mrargins. Dactylu sof
Flagellum of antenna 2 with calceoli. Gnathopod 1, car- gnathopod 1 stout and reiatively short .Uropod 3, inner
pus short ,triangular-shaped ;propodus shorter than tha tof ramus about 68% of article 1 of outer ramus, all margins plu-
male, palm not oblique as that of male, bearin g1 submedial mose-setose.
spine and 14 spines on po$teri omrargin; dactylu swith 1
seta on outer margin. Gnathopod 2, propodus subrectangu- Descriptio net male (hototy IpZCeA,S-1-AOO07)
lar ,patm transverse, with 5 spines on posterio crorner; dac- Body: Body medium-sized and slender, Epimera lplate s1-
tylu ssimilar to that of gnathopod 1. Uropod 3, inner ramus 3 progres$ive lacyuminate on posteroven tcroranler, with 1-
about 82% of article 1 of outer ramus, both rami ornamented 2 short setae on posteri omrargin. Epimeral plat e1 with 1O
with plumose setae. Oostegite sof pereopods 2-5 long, with setae on anterior corner, epimeral plate 2 with 2 spines and
many marginal setae. 2 setae on ventral margin, epimeral plate 3 with 3 spines on
anterior corner, Urosomites 1-3 tla tu,rosomites 1-2 with 4
Etymotogy groups of spines accompanied by setae on dorsa lmargin,
The specific name denticutat ualsludes to the presence uro$omite 3 with 1 group of spines on each side and some
ot numerous spines on dorsa lmargins of pleonite 1s-3. setae on dorsomedia lmargin.
Head: Latera lIobe tranverse e,yes reniform, inferi oanrten-
Remarks nal sinus deep.
The presen tnew species belongs to Gamrnarus pule)e Antenna 1: Peduncula rarticles 1-3 in lengt hratio 1:O,76
group define dby Karaman and Pinkste r(1977a T)hi.s spe- : O,46 ,articles 2 and 3 with 2 and 1 $etal group on posterior
cies is easily recognizable because ot a row of $pines and margin respectively; flagellu m23-articula taecc,essory fla-
setae on pleonit eansd propodus of gnathopod 1 of female getlu m3-articulate.
bearin ga medial palma rspine, Antenna 2: Peduncular article 4 about as long as article 5,
The new species resembles G, crenulatus Karaman both with groups of short setae along anterior and posterior
and Pinkste r1,977 in the armature on pleonite sB.ut i tcan margins; flagell u11m-articulate c,alceoli lacking,
be distinguish efdrom the latte bry (1 )the pleonite swith Upper lip :Convex, with minute setae.
numerous dentation asccompanied by setae on dorsa lpos- Mandible: lnciso orf Ief tmandible 5-dentat el,acin imaobilis
terio rmargin, while the latte writh incision se,ach incision with 4 dentition ssp,ine row bearin g8 pectinat seetae, molar
bearin ga lon gsetule; (2 )the primar yflagellu mof antenna triturati vweith t seta; second articl eof pal pwith 14 stiff
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Fig. 7. Gammarus stagnarius sp. nov. holotype ,male. A, maxilliped; B, lower lip C;, upper iip ;D, ief tmandible; E, pal pof lef mtandible; Fl left
maxilla 1; G, palp of right maxilla 1; H, right mandible; [, maxilla 2. Scale$: A, B=O.5 mm: C-l=O. 1mm,
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