Three Forms of Ceratopteris Thalictroides in Guam

2008·2.2 MB·English

by  Shigeo Masuyama

Shorter Notes
—
Guam
Guam.
Forms
Three of Ceratopteris thalictroides in the type
is
locality of Ceratopteris gaudichaudii Brongn., an endemic species described
Some
by Brongniart in 1821. taxonomists regarded as an independent
it
Wagner and Bishop Mus. Occasional
species in Ceratopteris Grether, B. P.
(e.g.
Papers 19:77-78. 1948), but others considered to be a form of Ceratopteris
it
thalictroides Brongn. De Vol, Taiwania 13:1-11, 1967). The latest
(L.) (e.g.
made
genus was by Lloyd 26:139-160.
revision of the Ceratopteris (Brittonia
He
1974). reduced several species including C. gaudichaudii to C. thalic-
C
We
troides. have carried out molecular analyses for thalictroides and found
that C. thalictroides sensu Lloyd contains at least three cryptic species,
named which may
and
tentatively the south type, the north type the third type,
be distributed in tropical to subtropical regions, eastern Asia to Micronesia,
and and (Masuyama
Indonesia neighboring areas, respectively et al, Plant
its
J.
115:87-97.
Res. 2002).
Guam
The and
author of this report visited collected three distinct
first
forms of C. thalictroides. One was found at a stream on Mt. Santa Rosa, Yigo in
1998 and the others were at a taro patch in Agana Swamp, Agana in 2006.
Plants of Yigo (Fig. 1A) were almost submerged in a stream. They were
and Hawaii
relatively small similar to Ceratopteris plants of in leaf
cm
morphology. Sterile leaves were about 20 long at most and had long
and
deltoid blades relatively short stipes of 1/4 to 1/3 the length of the blades,
which were tripinnatifid with obtuse elliptic ultimate segments. Fertile leaves
cm
were about 25 long most and tripinatifid with long deltoid blades and
at
relatively short stipes. In Agana Swamp, two distinct forms were found; one
was small while the other Small plants IB) were mostly
fairly large. (Fig.
growing on wet mud, though several plants submerged completely in ditch
streams, rooting on ditch walls. They showed characteristics of C. gaudichau-
cm
were most and had
Sterile leaves about 10 long deltoid long
dii. at to
deltoid blades with relatively short stipes of 1/3 to 1/2 the length of the blades,
which
were The
tripinnatifid with acute lanceolate ultimate segments. leaves
gemmae
frequently formed on segments and
sinuses of ultimate outlines of
segments consequently appeared somewhat Acute
dentate. lanceolate lobes
and
dentate edges of segments are good diagnostics of C. gaudichaudii as noted
by Wagner and
Grether (1948) and Fosberg (Amer. Fern 40:35-39. 1950),
J.
cm
respectively. Fertile leaves were about 15 long most, and
at tripinnatifid,
had
deltoid to long deltoid blades with relatively short stipes. Large plants, on
mud
the other hand, were growing in aquatic rooting on bottoms and
sites,
cm
arising in the air or swinging in ditch streams. Sterile leaves were up to 30
and cm
long were up
fertile leaves to 50 long. Their features were of typical
C.
were
thalictroides; sterile leaves to tetrapinnatifid with long deltoid blades
tri-
and which
relatively long stipes were as long as the blades in some
individuals, bearing pinnae rather sparsely on rachises and having obtuse
SHORTER
NOTES
elliptic to wide-elliptic ultimate segments. Fertile leaves were
tetra- to
pentapinnatifid with long deltoid blades and relatively long stipes as well as
sterile leaves.
As
for the Yigo form, molecular and cytological studies have shown
that
its
rbcL gene sequence of the north type (DDBJ accession number AB059575;
is
Masuyama
et ah, 2002) and chromosome number n=78 and 2n=156, the
its is
number
and (Masuyama
characteristic of the north type the third type and
Watano,
Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 56:231-240. 2005).
To understand the relationships of the three forms in Guam, we examined
the rbcL gene sequence and the chromosome number of the small Agana form,
following the methods in Adjie et al Plant Res. 120:129-138. 2007) and
(J.
Masuyama
and Watano
respectively. rbcL gene sequence was
(2005), Its
identical to that of the Yigo form. The chromosome number was n=78
(Fig.
2),
also the same as the Yigo form. Although the large Agana form has not been
and chromosome
investigated as the rbcL gene sequence the number,
to
it
probably belongs to the south type, judging from the leaf morphology noted
above. Thus, two types of C. thalictroides are present in Guam; one the north
is
type exemplified by the Yigo form and the small Agana form, the form
VOLUME NUMBER
RN
JOURNAL:
98
2
(
#1
Meiosis of the small Agana form showing
regarded as C. gaudichaudii, and the other the south type exemplified by the
is
Agana Most
large form. of the specimens of domestic thalictroides kept in
C.
GUAM
show
the characteristics of gaudichaudii and there no specimen
C.
is
that appears to be the large Agana form, though plants of the large Agana form
were numerous Agana Swamp.
not rare but so as to be detected easily in
It is,
may Guam
therefore, likely that the large Agana form not be endemic in but
may
have been
introduced
relatively recently.
Masuyama
and
et (2002) considered the south type, the north type the
al.
third type to be independent species. Because gaudichaudii has distinct
C.
morphological features as compared with the Yigo form and other sources of
the north type, should be treated as a variety of the independent species
it
referred so far as the north type. Species descriptions of the three types in
C.
thalictroides are in preparation.
DNA
Voucher specimens Agana
of plants examined the sequence and the
for
chromosome number GUAM.
were
deposited
in
We
The Guam
are grateful to Dr. L. Raulerson of University of her kind
for
Guam
help in collecting Ceratopteris plants and examining specimens
in the
GUAM.—
herbarium
in the Shigeo Masuyama, Department Mathematics and
of
Natural Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Woman's Christian
SHORTER NOTES
107
University, Zenpukuji
Suginami,
Tokyo,
2, 167-8585, Japan, and Bayu
Adjie,
Bali Botanic Garden,
Indonesian
Institute of Science, Tabanan.
Baturiti,
Bali
82191, Indonesia.
Contribution
to the Pteridophyte Flora of Puerto Rico —Despite
age,
its
Proctor's Ferns Puerto Rico and
of the Virgin Islands most
(1989) the
utilized
is
taxonomic
treatment used by
pteridologists to identify Puerto Rican
ferns. In
order keep taxonomy we
to the current, are reporting twenty new
ferns that are
Puerto Rican municipio
During we
records. the course of our fieldwork
visited
more
than
60 of Puerto Rico's 76 municipios, and our
collection ranged from
the lowlands
coastal to the central Cordillera Mountains. The new
pterido-
phyte records were
collected
in thirteen different municipios, mostly from
the
central portion of the island and few from
a the southeast
coast
(Fig.
1).
Previous Puerto Rican
distributions for these taxa were obtained from Proctor
New
[Ferns Puerto Rico and Mem.
of the Virgin Islands. York Bot. Gard. 53:1-
389. 1989), Barcelona (Systematics of the fern genus Odontosoria sensu
lato
(Lindsaeaceae). Ph.D. Department Miami
dissertation, Botany,
of University,
Shaw
Oxford, Ohio. and (New
2000), et al. Records for Puerto Rican
Pteridophytes. Fern Gaz. 97-99. Because most new
17(2): 2004.). of the
were
records
collected in the central region of Puerto Rico this suggest that this
may
area be under sampled. The
following records arranged
are alphabetically
by
municipios and the specimens housed Sherman
are the Willard
at Turrell
Herbarium (MU) Miami
University.
at
nudum
Adjuntas: Psilotum
Beauv. Record voucher: Puerto
(L.) P. Rico,
Municipio
de Adjuntas growing in Adjunta the base of palm on
at a tree the
lawn
front of a house northwest of the hotel Monte Rio an
at elevation of
W
N
479 m, 18° 09' 44.2" 66 43' 33.8". Collected 23 May 2006 by S.W. Shaw,
#
M.S. Rarker and known
489, S.V. Sprunt. Previously Puerto Rico
Bayamon,
distribution: Arecibo, Dorado, Juana Diaz, Maricao, Ponce, and
Of wide
Quebradillas. occurrence but not often collected.
Arecibo: Pteris vittata L. Record voucher: Puerto Rico, Municipio de
muddy
Arecibo, growing along a wall along the side of 623 an
Rt. at elevation
W
N
May
m,
of 183 18 23' 32.7" 66 42' 38.6". Collected 20 2006 by S.W.
#
Shaw, M.S. Rarker 457, and S.V. Sprunt. Previously known Puerto Rico
distribution: Camuy, Isabela, Ponce, San Juan, and Vega Alta. Very widespread
but not often collected.
Micrograma
Hatillo: lycopodioides Copel. Record voucher: Puerto
(L.) Rico,
Municipio de Hatillo, growing on a tree alongside Rt. 134 near the driveway
to
W
N
Bayaney
Dairy Inc. at an elevation of 305 m, 18 21' 18.3" 66° 48' 49.1".
May #
Collected 20 2006 by S.W. Shaw, M.S. Rarker and
459, S.V. Sprunt.
known
Previously Puerto Rico distribution: Arecibo, Cayey, Dorado, Gurabo,
Jayuya, Luquillo, Manati, Maricao, Naguabo, Salinas, San German, Utuado,
Yabucoa, and Yauco. Of wide occurrence. Nephrolepis
hirsutula
(G. Forst.) C.
Record Municipio
Presl. voucher: Puerto Rico, de growing on
Hatillo,
a
tree