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Those Who Work, Those Who Don't: Poverty, Morality, and Family in Rural America PDF

254 Pages·2009·1.39 MB·English
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Those Who Work, Those Who Don’t This page intentionally left blank Those Who Work, Those Who Don’t Poverty, Morality, and Family in Rural America Jennifer Sherman University of Minnesota Press Minneapolis London Part of chapter 2 was previously published as “Coping with Rural Poverty: Economic Survival and Moral Capital in Rural America,” Social Forces85, no. 2 (December 2006): 891–9 13. Copyright 2006 by the University of North Carolina Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Copyright 2009 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290 Minneapolis, MN 55401- 2520 http: // www.upress.umn.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sherman, Jennifer. Those who work, those who don’t : poverty, morality, and family in rural America / Jennifer Sherman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8166-5904-3 (hc : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8166-5905-0 (pb : alk. paper) 1. Rural poor—United States. 2. United States—Rural conditions. I. Title. HC110.P6S473 2009 362.50973'091734—dc22 2009018656 Printed in the United States of America on acid - free paper The University of Minnesota is an equal - opportunity educator and employer. 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface: Preserving Anonymity vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Poverty, Morality, and Family in Rural America 1 1. The Place I Found: An Introduction to Golden Valley 25 2. Workers and Welfare: Poverty, Coping Strategies, and Substance Abuse 55 3. Family Life: Tradition and Safety 101 4. Remaking Masculinity: Losing Male Breadwinners 138 Conclusion: Understanding Poverty in Rural America 180 Appendix: General Interview Protocol for Male Respondents 199 Notes 203 Bibliography 215 Index 231 This page intentionally left blank Preface Preserving Anonymity Those Who Work, Those Who Don’t tells the story of the people and community of Golden Valley, California. Golden Valley is not its real name, and all of the names mentioned in this book are pseudonyms, in- cluding the names of all people, places, and businesses. With qualita- tive and ethnographic research, it is not uncommon to use pseudonyms to protect the anonymity of subjects. Because they are often sharing personal or controversial information, it is necessary to offer subjects some protection from either embarrassment or the negative reactions of those who might disagree with their perspectives. Respecting and maintaining the subjects’ privacy is vital to the completion of a project of this nature. In the case of Golden Valley, I have taken this practice as far as I can. The stories presented here are personal ones, and for many people they were difficult tales to tell. All interview subjects signed con- sent forms that acknowledged their willingness to participate in inter- views and be quoted from them. The forms explained that recordings and transcripts of their interviews would be identified by numbers rather than names and would be kept locked and available only to me. Consent forms also pledged that subjects would remain anonymous and that all identifying details would be changed in any writing about this research to ensure their anonymity. Thus, not only are names changed, but in vii viii Preface several cases small details have also been altered to make it more difficult for Golden Valley residents to recognize one another in the pages of this book. These details were generally minor, such as people’s specific injuries, places of work (also pseudonyms), or the number of children in their families. I hope that such small deviations from their truths will help to keep their identities concealed. To further protect the privacy of Golden Valley residents, the sources of information have been omitted in some sections of the book. Much of the background information about the community presented here comes from local sources or those that mention the community or county by name. This includes newspaper articles, county statistical reports, and information from the Web sites of local organizations. When such sources are used, no citation is given so as to ensure that Golden Valley remain anonymous even to those whose curiosity might compel them to take the extra step of tracking down an original source and through it discover the community’s identity. Particularly, much of the informa- tion in chapter 1 bears no citation. I hope that the reader will trust in the accuracy of the data and understand that keeping my promise to the people of Golden Valley to prioritize their privacy must take prece- dence over full disclosure of all data sources. Acknowledgments Many people thought I was crazy to move to such a remote, isolated place as Golden Valley. I often agreed with them through the long, dark days of winter, the rainstorms that flooded the creek banks, the snowstorms that stranded me miles from town, and the frequent black- outs that deprived me of both electricity and running water. But those who visited in the spring and summer were able to see the other side: the amazing views of mountains and the evening alpine glow, the wildlife of all kinds, the apples in the orchard and the asparagus in the garden. Golden Valley was a place of extremes, with a climate that v aried from hot, sunny, parched summers to oppressive, damp, cold winters that caused widespread seasonal depression for many of its residents, includ- ing me. It was not an easy place to live in, nor was it an easy place to conduct research in. I have many people to thank for my survival there and the completion of this project. First, I express my deepest gratitude to the people of Golden Valley. They exhibited incredible strength and beauty in the face of overwhelm- ing struggle and hardship and were amazingly generous with both their time and their limited resources. I could not have managed there with- out their selfless gifts, from fixing broken cars to helping stack wood, to lending their pets, to keeping me company at strange hours and simply ix

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