title: Thomas Paine : Apostle of Freedom author: Fruchtman, Jack. publisher: Four Walls Eight Windows isbn10 | asin: 1568580630 print isbn13: 9781568580630 ebook isbn13: 9780585278261 language: English Paine, Thomas,--1737-1809, Political subject scientists--United States--Biography, Revolutionaries--United States--Biography. publication date: 1996 lcc: JC178.V2F78 1996eb ddc: 320.5/1/092 Paine, Thomas,--1737-1809, Political subject: scientists--United States--Biography, Revolutionaries--United States--Biography. Page i Thomas Paine Apostle of Freedom Page ii Also by Jack Fruchtman, Jr. Thomas Paine and the Religion of Nature The Apocalyptic Politics of Richard Price and Joseph Priestley Page iii Thomas Paine Apostle of Freedom Jack Fruchtman, Jr. Page iv © 1994 Jack Fruchtman, Jr. Published in the United States by: Four Walls Eight Windows 39 West 14th Street, room 503 New York, N.Y., 10011 U.K. offices: Four Walls Eight Windows/Turnaround 27 Horsell Road London, N51 XL, England First printing November 1994. First paperback printing May 1996. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a data base or other retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, by any means, including mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Fruchtman, Jack. Thomas Paine: apostle of freedom/Jack Fruchtman, Jr. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 1-56858-063-0 1. Paine, Thomas, 1737- 1809. 2. Political scientistsUnited StatesBiography. 3. RevolutionariesUnited StatesBiography. I. Title. JC178. V2F78 1994 320.5'1'092dc20 94-22790 [B] CIP Printed in the United States 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Text design by Helio Trope Page v To my father and in memory of my mother Page vi "Thomas Paine, one of the founders of American Independence, whose extraordinary genius must ever command attention and whose writings have summoned to action the minds of the most enlightened politicians of Europe! How different this Apostle of Freedom from those gorgeous mansions tenanted by the founders of the French Republic!" Henry Redhead Yorke, 1802 Page vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations viii List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgements xi 1. Introduction 1 Part One: Beginnings 2. Thetford and Beyond 15 3. "Poverty Begets Meanness" 35 Part Two: Liberty and the Republic 4. "Common Sense Will Tell Us" 59 5. Summer Soldiers and Sunshine Patriots 81 6. Financial Plagues and Silas Deane 105 7. A Hired Pen 131 8. Invention and Finance 157 9. France 181 10. Burke's Response: "The Swinish Multitude" 205 11. The "Inherent, Indefeasible" Rights of Man 221 Part Three: Social Responsibilty and Illuminist Spirituality 12. "The Most Determined Champion of Republican 247 Principles" 13. The Revolution Declines 271 14. The Two-Edged Sword of Liberty 293 15. The Age of Reason 317 16. "Some Very Ignorant and Stupid Pretenders" 335 17. Justice, Agrarian Style 355 18. Illuminism and Nicolas de Bonneville 371 Part Four: Home in America 19. Bitter Battles with Federalists 393 20. Final Days 415 21. Assessment 437 Notes 445 Bibliography 501 Chronology 527 Index 537
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