Thomas Elyot: Critical Editions of Four Works on Counsel: Doctrinal of Princes, Pasquill the Playne, Of that Knowlage Whiche Maketh a Wise Man, and The Defence of Women PDF
Preview Thomas Elyot: Critical Editions of Four Works on Counsel: Doctrinal of Princes, Pasquill the Playne, Of that Knowlage Whiche Maketh a Wise Man, and The Defence of Women
ThomasElyot CriticalEditionsofFourWorksonCounsel International Studies in the History of Rhetoric Editors LaurentPernot(ExecutiveEditor,Strasbourg,France) CraigKallendorf(CollegeStation,u.s.a.) AdvisoryBoard BéBreij(Nijmegen,Netherlands) RudongChen(Pekin,China) ManfredKraus(Tübingen,Germany) GabriellaMoretti(Trento,Italy) LuisaAngelicaPuigLlano(MexicoCity,Mexico) ChristineSutherland(Calgary,Canada) volume9 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/rhet Thomas Elyot Critical Editions of Four Works on Counsel TheDoctrinalof Princes,PasquillthePlayne,Of That KnowlageWhicheMakethaWiseMan,andThe Defenceof GoodWomen Editedby RobertSullivan ArthurE.Walzer leiden | boston LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Elyot,Thomas,Sir,1490?–1546,author.|Sullivan,Robert,1951-editor.| Walzer,ArthurE.,1944-editor. Title:ThomasElyot:CriticalEditionsofFourWorksonCounsel.TheDoctrinalof Princes,PasquillthePlayne,OfThatKnowlageWhicheMakethaWiseMan, andTheDefenceofGoodWomen/editedbyRobertSullivan,ArthurE.Walzer. Description:Leiden;Boston:Brill,2018.|Series:Internationalstudiesinthe historyofrhetoric;9|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.| Descriptionbasedonprintversionrecordandcipdataprovidedbypublisher; resourcenotviewed. Identifiers:lccn2018008888(print)|lccn2018009703(ebook)| isbn9789004365162(e-book)|isbn9789004365100(hardback:acid-free paper) Classification:lcc pr2270.e5(ebook)|lcc pr2270.e5 a42018(print)| ddc824/.2–dc23 lcrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018008888 TypefacefortheLatin,Greek,andCyrillicscripts:“Brill”.Seeanddownload:brill.com/brill-typeface. issn1875-1148 isbn978-90-04-36510-0(hardback) isbn978-90-04-36516-2(e-book) Copyright2018byKoninklijkeBrillnv,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillnvincorporatestheimprintsBrill,BrillHes&DeGraaf,BrillNijhoff,BrillRodopi, BrillSenseandHoteiPublishing. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,translated,storedinaretrievalsystem, ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise, withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. AuthorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonaluseisgrantedbyKoninklijkeBrillnvprovided thattheappropriatefeesarepaiddirectlytoTheCopyrightClearanceCenter,222RosewoodDrive, Suite910,Danvers,ma01923,usa.Feesaresubjecttochange. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperandproducedinasustainablemanner. Contents Acknowledgements vii Introduction 1 1 ThomasElyot:LifeandWork 6 2 ElyotonRhetoricandCounsel 76 3 TheDoctrinalofPrinces:CriticalIntroduction 94 4 TheDoctrinalofPrinces:Text 134 5 PasquillthePlayne:CriticalIntroduction 155 6 PasquillthePlayne:Text 174 7 OfThatKnowlageWhicheMakethaWiseMan:Critical Introduction 209 8 OfThatKnowlageWhicheMakethaWiseMan:Text WiththeEditorialAssistanceofJuliaBecker 228 9 TheDefenceofGoodWoman:CriticalIntroduction 346 10 TheDefenceofGoodWoman:Text WiththeEditorialAssistanceofEmilyGallik 362 Bibliography 391 IndexofSubjects 406 Acknowledgements We would like to thank Laurent Pernot and Craig Kallendorf, editors for the series,InternationalStudiesintheHistoryofRhetoric(ISHR),fortheirsupport of this work. Laurent has been an especially loyal and supportive friend for twentyyears.ThankingISHRmemberswhohaveservedasmodelscholarsand friendswouldconstitutealisttoolongforthispage.Wemust,however,thank PeterMacknotonlyforhisencouragementbutalsoforteachingusmuchabout Renaissance rhetoric.We also thank Brill, Brill’s anonymous reviewer whose perceptivecritiqueenabledustoimprovetheworkinrevision,ThalienColen- brander,whosawtheworkefficientlythroughproductionandDanConnolly whocreatedtheindex. BobSullivan Aprojectsuchasthisisnotaccomplishedwithoutthesupportofmanyfriends and colleagues. I am indebted to my long-term colleagues in the Commu- nication Studies department at Ithaca College, particularly Professors Bruce Henderson and Laurie Arliss, who have done more than they know to sup- portmywork.TheIthacaCollegeMedievalandRenaissanceColloquiumhas beenaninspirationandhappyscholarlyhomeformanyyears.TheOfficeofthe ProvostandtheDeanoftheSchoolofHumanitiesandScienceshaveprovided crucialassistance.IwarmlyrememberthemanywelcomesIhavereceivedat IthacaCollege’sLondonCentrefromtheCentre’sbrilliantdirector,BillSheas- green,withoutwhichmyworkintheUKwouldhavebeenfarlessof aplea- sure. IowespecialthankstoProfessorRobertGaines,wholongagoimpressedon methecentralityofscholarlyeditingtothehumanisticenterprise. Idedicatethiswork,andallmywork,tomybelovedfamily.Mywife,Lisa Stankus, is my dearest friend and best critic. My daughter, Ava Lee Sullivan, andherhusband,SilasVanderSwaagh,givemehopeforthefuture. ArtWalzer I thank the University of Minnesota for providing financial support and for surroundingmewithcolleagueswholovetotalkaboutideas.Fromthemanyat Minnesota,IsingleoutRegentsProfessorTomClayton,mydissertationadvisor viii acknowledgements fortyyearsagoandgoodfriendeversince,who,asamentor,wastirelessinhis effortstoimprovemyscholarshipandwriting,which,whatevertheirquality, arebetterforhisefforts. IdedicatethisworktomyBrooklynfamily—mygrandchildren,Caseyand Delia,mydaughterEmma,herwifeMonica,andespeciallytomywife,Ginny, who has shared everything with me for over fifty years and to whom I owe everything. Introduction This volume provides the first modern scholarly editions of four works by Thomas Elyot: Doctrinal of Princes (1533), Pasquill the Playne (1533), Of That KnowlageWhicheMakethaWiseMan(1534),andTheDefenceofGoodWomen (1540).1Theseworkshaveincommonapoliticalconcernwitheducatingand counselingtheprinceandwiththemoralresponsibilitiesandrhetoricalchal- lengesattendantonthoseroles. AlastairFoxidentifiedThomasElyotas“perhapsthemostoutstandinghu- manistof hisgeneration”;2andGregWalker,whohaswrittenthemostcom- prehensivestudyofElyot’sworkstodate,praisedElyotas“probablythemost prolific and influential scholar of his generation.”3While we choose to forgo comparativejudgments,thereisnodoubtthatElyot,afriendof mostof the importantEnglishhumanistsof histime,wasaconsummateexampleof the type,enactingthehumanists’programbyhisscholarshipandpoliticalengage- ment. Elyot no doubt saw himself as a second-generation English humanist, as an heir to Colet, Grocyn, Lily, More (whom Elyot counted a friend) and Linacre—thegenerationthatworkedinconcertwithErasmus.Indeed,inlight ofhisachievementandhisowncharacterizationofit,itmaywellbethatElyot aspiredtobecomeforhisgenerationamodestversioninEnglandofErasmus.4 1 ThetitlesofsomeofElyot’sworksvarywiththeedition.Forexample,thenameofthetitular characterofPasquillthePlayneissometimesPasquillorPasquil,sometimesPasqylorPasqyll. Inthe1540editionthatwechoseasourcopytextincreatingthecriticaledition,thetitleon thetitlepagecontainingtheBertheletsillisPasqyilthePlayne,but,withinthemanuscript, “Pasquill”isusedconsistently.Wehave,therefore,electedPasquillthePlayneasthetitleofour criticaledition.OfthatKnowlage,whicheMakethaWiseMan.APlatonicDisputacionisthe titlegivenonthesillforthe1534edition.That“knowledge”isspelled“knowlage”throughout thateditionledustoreadintentintothechoice;indeed,allvariantsofthemodernword “knowledge”(suchas“knowlege,”)arecorrectedwiththesecondeditiontoKnowlage.We havethereforetitledourcriticaleditionaccordingly;inreferringtoKnowlageinthetextof thisbookwehaveeliminatedthecommaandnormalizedcapitalization.(ThetitlesofThe DoctrinalofPrincesandTheDefenceofGoodWomenarenotproblematic.) 2 AlistairFox,“SirThomasElyotandtheHumanistDilemma,”inReassessingtheHenrician Age:Humanists,PoliticsandReform1500–1550,eds.AlistairFoxandJohnGuy(Oxford:Basil Blackwell,1986),52. 3 GregWalker,WritingUnderTyranny:EnglishLiteratureandtheHenricianReformation(Ox- ford:OxfordUniversityPress),128. 4 MadhuparnaMitra,“SirThomasElyotas‘AMakerofBokes’”(PhDdiss.,WashingtonUniver- sity,St.Louis,1995),3. © koninklijkebrillnv,leiden,2018 | doi:10.1163/9789 2 introduction If ErasmushadmadeancientlearningaccessibleinGreekeditionsandLatin translations, Elyot would attempt to make English a language that in preci- sion, richness, and prestige was worthy of ancient learning—a mission that hecarriedoutdirectlyinhistranslationsof Isocrates’ToNicoclesandoneof Plutarch’s Moralia, which he titledTheEducationorBringingUpof Children; andinhisLatin-EnglishdictionaryandBanketteofSapience.InspiredbyEras- mus,he understoodhis workas scholar and writerasa public service, asan expressionof apatrioticimpulse.5AlsolikeErasmus,Elyotalsosawscholar- shipasavehicleforinfluencinggovernanceintheautocraticcontextinwhich helivedandworked.TherewasnoplaceforthepassionateoratoryofaDemos- thenes or Cicero in Early Modern England. But there was the possibility of influence through counsel, and Elyot gained political experience when, as a youngman,heservedasajuristinsouthwestEngland,worked,underCardi- nalWolsey,ontheKing’sCouncil,and,mostsignificantly,when,in1531–1532, herepresentedthegovernmentofHenryVIIItothecourtofCharlesV.Elyot’s embassytoCharlesfailed.Feelingdisrespectedanddisillusioned,hewithdrew fromthescrumof activeengagement;instead,hewouldcounselfromadis- tance. Workinginastrikingnumberofcivicgenres,Elyotproducedacorpusthat takes on a coherence when viewed from the point of view of counsel. In his BokenamedtheGouernour,hedescribedthecurriculumandeducational principles no less for a counselor than for the governor of the title; through histranslationintoEnglishofIsocrates’sadvicetoNicocles;throughhisthree lively dialogues that probed and enacted a rhetoric of counsel; through his fictionalbiographyof amodelmonarch;andthroughhisletterstoCromwell: Elyotattemptedtoengagewiththepoliticsof histimeandplace.Indeed,we seeElyot’ssignatureachievementashisanalysisofcounselundermonarchy— hisarticulationofitssingularimportanceandhisreflectiononitsappropriate rhetoric—aswellashisdoggedpracticeofcounselthroughhispublishedwork andletters.Elyotsawhimself,then,asascholarandasanadviser,andwhileit ispossibletodistinguishtheseroles,wethinkofthem(asElyothimselfdid)as ofapiece. Elyot’sintellectualidentificationwithcounselhasbeenrecognizedbyboth historiansandliteraryscholars.Whilethecounselorhaslongbeenacknowl- edged as a formative ideal in humanists’ treatises on education, in the last 5 CathyShrank,“SirThomasElyotandtheBondsofCommunity,”inTheOxfordHandbookof TudorLiterature1485–1603,ed.MikePincombeandCathyShrank(Oxford:OxfordUniversity Press,2009),155.
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